When Do Credit Card Companies Report to Credit Bureaus?

When Do Credit Card Companies Report to Credit Bureaus?

Credit card companies typically report to the credit bureaus monthly. This usually happens at the end of your card’s monthly billing cycle, also known as your statement or billing cycle date. Credit card companies typically spread statement dates throughout the month, so your date may not be the same as your significant other’s or your best friend’s.

The credit reporting bureaus then use this data to update your credit score. Here’s a closer look at how payments are reported to the credit reporting bureaus as well as how factors like on-time payments can affect your three-digit score.

How Credit Card Payments Are Reported to Bureaus

Credit card issuers typically report to credit bureaus on your regular billing cycle date. Each credit card may report at different times, and they may report to some of the major credit bureaus and not others. Reporting is up to the lender’s discretion, so it is also entirely possible that they won’t make a report at all.

Credit bureaus, such as Experian®, Equifax®, and TransUnion®, may collect a variety of information, including:

•   Personal information, such as name, address, date of birth, Social Security number, and employer

•   Credit account information, such as balances, payments, credit limits, credit usage, and when accounts are opened or closed

•   Credit inquiries

How Credit Scores and Reports Are Updated

The credit reporting bureaus will generally update your credit score as soon as they receive information from your credit card company. That means that your credit score could change relatively frequently as you make credit card charges, especially if you have multiple credit cards.

Also, because credit card companies only report credit activity periodically, there can be a bit of a lag in how long it takes for a payment to show on your credit card report. When you read your credit report, it may not match your current account balances, instead reflecting the last information reported to the bureaus. This situation may be particularly irksome if you’ve paid off debts in hope of building your credit score. Fortunately, your information should be updated during the next reporting period.

However, if you notice that no changes are made after a number of months, it’s worth contacting your lender to make sure changes are reported correctly. If they can’t resolve it, you can contact the credit bureau.

Recommended: Charge Cards: Advantages and Disadvantages

How Credit Card Balances Affect Credit Score

Credit reporting bureaus may collect information about your credit card balance. There is a popular misconception that carrying a credit card balance from month to month will help you positively impact your credit score. However, this is a myth. In fact, carrying a balance can actually hurt your score.

An unpaid balance is not necessarily seen as a bad thing. However, credit utilization — how much of your available credit you’re using — can have an impact on your score. If your balance exceeds 30% of your borrowing limit, it may have a negative impact on your score. Those who keep their credit utilization below 10% tend to have the highest credit scores.

It’s best to pay off your credit card balance each month to protect your credit score and to avoid racking up costly interest charges, which can cause your credit card debt to balloon.

How Applying to Credit Cards Affects Credit Score

Before you apply for a credit card, it’s important to know the difference between a hard and soft inquiry. When you apply, you will trigger what’s known as a hard inquiry when a lender requests to see your credit report.

In contrast, a soft inquiry occurs when you check your own credit or use a credit monitoring service, for example. Hard inquiries will generally have a negative impact on your credit score (though often only by several points temporarily), while soft inquiries will not.

Hard inquiries suggest that you are in the market for new credit. That may seem like a no-brainer. But in the eyes of other lenders, a hard inquiry suggests that you may be in some sort of financial stress that makes you a bigger risk for borrowing money. This is especially true if you have many hard inquiries in a short period of time.
Luckily, the hard inquiry’s effects fade relatively quickly.

In general, it’s wise to avoid causing many hard inquiries in a short period of time. There are some exceptions to that rule. If you’re shopping for a mortgage, auto loan, or new utility providers, multiple inquiries in a short period — typically 14 to 45 days — are usually counted as just one inquiry.

How On-Time Payments Affect Credit Score

Your payment history is one of the biggest factors that goes into calculating your credit score. As a result, making payments on time is one of the best things you can do to maintain a strong credit score or to positively impact your score.

Even a single late payment can have a negative impact on your score, though the missed payment likely will not show up on your credit report for 30 days. If you can make up the payment within that time period, your lender may not report it, though you may still be subject to late penalties.

It’s also important to understand that if you only make a partial payment, that will still usually be counted as late and reported as such to the credit bureaus.

To make sure that you pay bills on time, consider setting up a budget to help control your spending. You might also automate your payments to ensure you don’t miss any payment due dates. But if you do so, make sure that you have enough money in your account to cover your credit card balance.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due?

The Takeaway

The credit reporting bureaus collect all sorts of financial information from your various lenders to create your credit score. Your credit card company likely reports your card activity about once a month, on your statement or billing cycle date. Understanding what information has an impact on your score, as well as the impact of on-time payments and credit inquiries, can help you keep your score as high as possible and help keep credit card costs down.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

What time of the month do creditors report to credit bureaus?

Creditors may report to the credit bureaus at any time of the month, though credit card companies will usually make their reports at the end of the billing cycle, or on your statement date.

How often do companies report credit?

Credit card companies usually report to the credit bureaus once a month. However, they do so at their own discretion.

How long after paying off debt until you see an impact on your credit score?

Your credit score should see an impact after paying off a debt as soon as that debt payment is reported to the reporting bureaus, usually within 30 days. If your payment doesn’t show up on your report after a few months, contact your lender to make sure it was reported correctly.


Photo credit: iStock/iamnoonmai

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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Can I Deposit Foreign Currency Into My Bank Account? 5 Steps for How to Do It

Can I Deposit Foreign Currency Into My Bank Account? 5 Steps for How to Do It

If you’ve ever returned from a trip and wondered if it’s possible to deposit foreign currency into your U.S. bank account, the answer is yes — but not directly. Typically, you need to convert the money back to U.S. dollars first, then make the deposit. And there may be a few steps — and costs — involved in that process.

Let’s take a look at the five steps involved in depositing foreign currency to a bank account, as well as your alternatives.

Key Points

•   Depositing foreign currency into a U.S. bank account requires converting it to U.S. dollars first.

•   Initial contact with your bank is advised to check if they offer currency exchange services.

•   If your bank doesn’t offer the service, other financial institutions might help convert the currency.

•   Understanding the official exchange rate and potential fees is crucial before converting currency.

•   After conversion, the U.S. dollars can be deposited into your bank account.

🛈 Currently, SoFi does not offer currency exchange services or accept deposits in foreign currencies. The only acceptable currency for deposits is USD.

How to Deposit Foreign Currency into a Bank Account

If your pockets are jingling with foreign currency and you want to deposit it into your bank, you’ll have to exchange it into U.S. dollars first. If you live in a major city or have an account at a larger bank, you may not have too much trouble accomplishing this. If not, you might have to shop around a bit for another bank or business that can help. Let’s take a closer look at how this works.

1. Check With Your Bank First

It may save time if you contact your own bank or credit union (or look on its website) to see if it offers foreign currency exchange services. Many financial institutions require that you have a checking or savings account with them in order to do an exchange. This could wind up being a win-win for you.

If they do offer to exchange foreign currency, you may want to schedule an appointment to make the exchange instead of just going in and heading to the nearest teller. That way, you can be sure the bank staff is ready for the transaction, that it can take the currency you’re carrying, and that a knowledgeable person will be on hand to assist you and answer your questions. You can call your branch, or you may be able to make the appointment online or on the bank’s mobile app.

2. Find a Bank to Convert Foreign Currency to U.S. Dollars

If your bank can’t do the exchange, another financial institution may be willing to work with you. It’s a good idea to reach out in advance and be clear about the type of currency you have, how much you have, and whether you have to have an account with that financial institution. This will save you time and energy versus just strolling into local brick-and-mortar banks.

Recommended: How to Deposit Cash at Local and Online Banks

3. Sell Foreign Currency to Buyer of Choice

Whether it’s your local branch bank, your bank’s larger main office, or a different bank than you usually use, you’ll likely have to do the transaction in person. It’s a good idea to come prepared with a current photo ID and some understanding of what will happen when you get there. Here are a few things to be aware of:

•   The bank may have a required minimum value — $20 in U.S. dollars, for example — for the currency you hope to exchange. If you don’t have that much leftover currency to exchange, you might decide to just keep what you have as a souvenir, save it for another trip, or give it to a friend or family member who plans to travel abroad.

•   The bank may only be able to exchange commonly requested foreign currencies. If you have Canadian dollars, Euros, or Mexican pesos, for example, things should go smoothly. But if you come in with paper money you picked up a bit off the tourist-beaten path, you may be out of luck. Checking in advance about services offered can be a very good idea before you head to a location.

4. Learn the Official Exchange Rate

Before you went on your trip, you probably had to figure out how much of the country’s currency you needed and how much getting that money would cost you in U.S. dollars. (Or perhaps your banker or travel agent did the math for you.)

That amount was calculated using the current exchange rate (the basic cost to exchange one country’s currency for another), plus whatever the bank charged you to convert your dollars prior to your trip.

The process is the same when you return and want to convert back to U.S. dollars. The amount of money you’ll get when you hand over your leftover currency (Euros, yen, rupees, pesos, etc.) will be based on the current rate of exchange for that currency, plus the bank’s markup.

It’s important to note that exchange rates fluctuate frequently, based on what’s happening in foreign currency markets. It’s probable that the exchange rate when you get home from your trip may not be the same as when you were preparing to travel.

You can check the exchange rate online at sites like Google Finance, Xe, and Oanda. Just keep in mind that wherever you end up exchanging your currency, a fee will likely be added.

The bank also may charge a transaction fee that’s based on how much currency you’re converting. This could be on top of the fee that’s already figured into the exchange rate.

5. Deposit the Money in Your Bank Account

Can you deposit foreign currency directly into your account? No. But once you’ve exchanged your foreign currency to U.S. dollars, go right ahead! You can deposit the money into your bank account — or do anything with it you like.

What Banks Will Not Accept

While you may want to exchange and deposit all of your foreign currency after you travel, be prepared to hear a couple of “sorry, but no” responses. Specifically, banks generally won’t accept any foreign coins. They also won’t exchange old foreign currency that isn’t in use anymore (so if you were hoarding some French francs or Italian lira, you are out of luck unfortunately). And if the bills you have are in bad condition, you may have trouble exchanging them.

Other Places to Exchange Foreign Currency

If you can’t find a bank that can exchange your leftover foreign currency, you may have a few other options, depending on where you live. It can take a bit of research and/or legwork, but if you have more than a few dollars left from your travels, it can be well worth it.

Some possibilities include:

•   You can try a large hotel. If you live near a hotel that’s popular with international visitors, you may be able to sell your currency there. There could be an exchange desk or the front desk could prove helpful.

•   Your travel agency may be able to help. If you worked with a travel agent, see if they might be willing to exchange your foreign currency back to U.S. dollars. Or your agency may have suggestions for where you can go to have the currency converted.

•   You can exchange money at an airport kiosk. If you’re flying into an international airport, you can convert your remaining foreign currency at a booth that sells this service. But customers typically pay a higher markup for this easy access, so you might want to weigh the cost vs. the convenience.

•   You can look for a nearby currency exchange storefront. One way to find local businesses that might exchange your foreign currency is to simply do an online search of the term “currency exchanges near me.” Once you get a list and/or map of local exchanges, you can check out their websites or contact them to see if they will convert your money, what they’re charging, and if they’re licensed. Remember, the markup will be higher at some locations than others, so you may be able to save money by doing a little research.

In the future, if you want to avoid the inconvenience and cost of coming home with foreign currency, you could go old-school with traveler’s checks. But they can be more difficult to get and use than in the past — and they also may come with a cost.

Recommended: What Is a Foreign Currency Bank Account?

The Takeaway

If you come home from a trip (welcome back, btw) with leftover foreign currency, don’t expect to deposit that money directly into your bank account. You’ll likely have to exchange those foreign funds to U.S. dollars first, then make the deposit.

A local bank or credit union may be willing to convert your foreign currency if you have an account there. But if not, you’ll likely have to do some research to find the most convenient and affordable alternative for making the exchange.

FAQ

Can you deposit foreign currency into an ATM?

Probably not. ATMs generally accept only one type of currency. Instead of using an ATM, you likely will have to go in person to your local branch bank to exchange foreign currency, then deposit it into your checking, savings, or money market account. Or, you may need to seek out another location to complete your currency exchange.

Can I receive money from abroad into my bank account?

Yes, you can use an international money transfer service to send money from abroad directly into your bank account. The process may differ depending on the service provider you choose to send the funds, but you should be prepared with some key bits of information.

You typically need to provide your full bank account number, your full name (as it appears on your account), the bank’s address for incoming wire transfers, and a Swift Code that identifies your bank. The fees involved will vary. And the current exchange rate will apply, as your foreign currency will be converted into U.S. dollars before the funds are credited to your account.


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Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.

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How to Invest in Silver

For millennia, humans have used precious metals such as silver as a way to barter and exchange value. And even in today’s modern economy, many people believe that there is room for investing in silver and other precious metals as a way to diversify their overall portfolio.

Investing in silver can come in many different ways, from buying stocks or mutual funds focused on precious metals to holding the actual silver metal yourself. Depending on how you are investing in silver, it can be considered a valuable hedge against inflation and one way to diversify your overall investment portfolio.

Key Points

•   Investing in silver can help diversify an investment portfolio and act as a hedge against inflation.

•   Silver is considered valuable due to its historical use in coins, jewelry, and industrial applications.

•   Silver and gold are both precious metals that have been used as currency and for portfolio diversification.

•   Investing in silver can offer advantages such as portfolio diversification and lower cost compared to gold.

•   However, investing in silver carries risks, including price volatility and the need for secure storage for physical silver holdings.

Why Is Silver Considered Valuable?

Silver is a type of alternative investment, in that it’s different from a conventional stock or other type of security. And similar to how those types of securities or investments hold value, silver does as well.

At its most basic, silver is valuable for the same reason that anything is considered “valuable” — because we as a society have decided that it is valuable. Silver has been used for making coins and jewelry since the early days of history, which is one reason that silver is considered valuable. Silver is also quite conductive, which means that it has uses in industry as well.

Silver has many of the same qualities as gold, which is why many investors have similarly looked for different ways to invest in precious metals.

Silver vs Gold

Silver and gold have both been used as currency and jewelry since nearly the beginning of human civilization. They are both considered valuable precious metals and useful for portfolio diversification and as an inflation hedge. Deciding whether to invest in gold or invest in silver is in some ways a personal choice, and many investors decide to invest in both.

💡 Quick Tip: While investing directly in alternative assets often requires high minimum amounts, investing in alts through a mutual fund or ETF generally involves a low minimum requirement, making them accessible to retail investors.

Alternative investments,
now for the rest of us.

Explore trading funds that include commodities, private credit, real estate, venture capital, and more.


What Are the Advantages of Investing in Silver?

One of the biggest advantages of investing in silver is that it can help diversify your portfolio. The rate of return for silver and other precious metals is not always correlated with that of other investments, which means that it can be a useful form of portfolio diversification. Silver is also cheaper than gold on a per-ounce basis.

Many investors also consider investing in precious metals to be an inflation hedge – it’s commonly believed that precious metals like silver or gold hold their value more efficiently or for a longer-term than cash or other assets.

If you invest in actual physical silver, another advantage is that it is a hard asset — it cannot be hacked or erased. Silver and other precious metals are one of the few investments that you can actually hold in your hand. Unlike other investments, your holdings in silver can also be as private as you want them to be.

What Are the Potential Drawbacks?

One drawback of investing in silver is that its price is considered fairly volatile. That doesn’t make it a great investment if you are only holding for the short-term. Prices for precious metals can fluctuate wildly over the short-term, and even over the long-term, may not provide investors with the type of appreciation they may have seen if they had invested in other assets.

Further, if you hold physical silver, you do run the risk of having it stolen. Unlike digital assets, physical silver may not be recoverable if it is lost or stolen. As such, if you are buying physical silver coins or bars, you will need to find a safe and secure way to store them.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Is Silver an Inflation Hedge?

As noted, investing in precious metals is often considered an inflation hedge.

Inflation is a natural phenomenon that gradually increases the cost of many goods and services. Silver has many uses – it can be used to mint coins, for instance, and be used as an actual currency, or be incorporated into other products. For that reason, it may hold its value more effectively than cash or other assets.

But there’s no guarantee that silver will always be an effective inflation hedge, and it’s important to remember that it’s a volatile asset.

How Can I Invest in Silver?

There are a number of different ways to invest in silver, depending on what you’re looking for in your portfolio. One popular way to invest in silver is by buying physical bars or coins of silver. Another possible way to invest in silver is by investing in the stocks of silver mining companies.

Silver Funds

It may also be possible to invest in silver using various types of funds, such as exchange traded funds (ETFs) that own silver or silver mining companies. There may also be options for investors to invest in mutual funds with concentrations in the silver industry or market, too – doing a bit of research to see what your options are in relation to silver investments is likely to yield results.

The Takeaway

Investing in silver offers investors a way to add an alternative asset to their portfolio, which can help them diversify, and hedge against inflation. There are many ways to invest in silver — including investing in silver mining companies, silver ETFs or owning physical silver like coins or silver bullion.

But investing in silver has its risks, and investing in precious metals typically means investors are okay with adding a relatively volatile asset to their portfolios. As always, if you have questions, it may be a good idea to speak with a financial professional.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.

Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.

FAQ

Does owning silver diversify your portfolio?

Depending on the composition of your investment portfolio, owning silver can diversify your portfolio. Silver and other precious metals are often considered an inflation hedge, meaning that their price generally holds its value, regardless of the inflation rate. The rate of return on investing in silver and other precious metals is also not often correlated with returns of other types of investments, like the stock market or real estate.

Will the price of silver always go up?

Like all investments, there is no guarantee that the price of silver will always go up. The price of silver can fluctuate wildly, which means that depending on when you buy and/or sell, you may lose money. Before investing in silver, make sure you understand the risks and drawbacks of silver investing.

What are some alternative metals to silver?

Probably the most popular alternative precious metal to silver is gold. Like silver, gold has been used in currency and jewelry for most of the length of human civilization. Other options for investing in precious metals if you’d rather not own gold or silver are platinum or titanium.


Photo credit: iStock/oatawa

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.


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Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.


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A Guide to U.S. Treasury Ladders

Purchasing U.S. Treasury securities are often considered to be a dependable and less-risky way to increase income and grow wealth over time. Building a Treasury ladder can be a smart move for investors looking for a way to maximize profits while controlling interest rate risk. Investing in a Treasury ladder allows investors to spread out the risk and return associated with holding fixed-income securities by buying a sequence of securities with varying maturities.

In this article we delve into the complexities of U.S. Treasury ladders, going over their advantages, construction techniques, and things to think about for investors trying to assemble a reliable and well-rounded portfolio.

Key Points

•   Treasury ladders involve purchasing U.S. Treasury securities with staggered maturities to manage income and interest rate risks.

•   This strategy allows for spreading out investment risks and returns across different maturity dates.

•   Treasury ladders can be constructed using Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds, depending on investment goals and time horizons.

•   The approach helps maintain liquidity and provides a steady income stream by ensuring parts of the investment mature regularly.

•   Treasury ladders are considered a conservative investment strategy, suitable for investors seeking stability and lower risk.

What Is a Treasury Bill Ladder?

An investing strategy known as a “Treasury Bill ladder” involves buying a sequence of Treasury Bills with varying maturities. The United States government issues Treasury Bills, sometimes known as T-bills, which are short-term debt securities with maturities varying from a few days to a year. Investors can spread out the maturity dates of their investments by building a Treasury Bill ladder, which preserves liquidity and generates a consistent income stream.

With this approach, investors can benefit from fluctuating interest rates and make sure that a part of their portfolio is always maturing, giving them flexibility in terms of withdrawal or reinvestment. Treasury Bills are also regarded as some of the least-risky investment options.

What Is a Treasury Bond Ladder?

A Treasury Bond ladder is similar to a Treasury Bill ladder in that it emphasizes longer-term investing and both involve staggering maturities. The United States government issues Treasury Bonds, which are long-term debt instruments with maturities ranging from 10 to 30 years.

A Treasury Bond ladder works similarly to a Treasury Bill ladder in that it distributes the risk and returns of investing in fixed-income securities by buying bonds with different maturities. Still, there are some significant distinctions between the two approaches. Because they are investments with a longer maturity period than Treasury Bills, Treasury Bonds usually provide greater yields.

Treasury Bond ladders are often favored by investors seeking higher income potential and are willing to accept the associated interest rate risk. Changes in interest rates may have an effect on the market value of Treasury Bonds. Notwithstanding these differences, Treasury Bill and Treasury Bond ladders are equally useful instruments for addressing the varied inclinations and goals of investors while controlling interest rate risk, producing income, and preserving portfolio diversification.

How Can You Build a Treasury Ladder?

Several important factors must be taken into account while building a Treasury ladder in order to minimize risk and maximize returns.

The first stage is to decide on the ladder’s ideal configuration, which includes the number of rungs and the assets’ staggered maturities. The term “rungs” refers to the individual assets that make up the ladder; based on the investor’s investment horizon and preferences, these securities may include Treasury Bonds, Treasury Notes, or Treasury Bills. By ensuring that a part of the portfolio matures on a regular basis, staggered maturities offer liquidity and flexibility for withdrawal or reinvestment.

To maximize the performance of a Treasury ladder, investors should also take the yield curve and current interest rates into account. Longer-dated securities often provide greater yields in order to offset the duration and interest rate risk. Nonetheless, investors may decide to add assets with shorter maturities to increase liquidity or to capitalize on future changes in interest rates.

When choosing the Treasury securities to include in the ladder, investors should consider their time horizon, investing goals, and risk tolerance. While Treasury Notes and Bonds offer higher returns and are appropriate for longer-term investment objectives, Treasury Bills are best suited for investors with short-term liquidity needs or a conservative risk profile.

After the ladder is put in place, investors should keep a close eye on it, rebalance the portfolio as needed to preserve the intended asset allocation, and modify the ladder’s maturity structure in response to shifting market conditions.

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*Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $50 within 45 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.026%. See full terms and conditions.

What’s an Example of a T-Bill Ladder?

Buying T-Bills with varying maturities over a predetermined time frame, like a year, is an example of a T-Bill ladder.

An investor could, for example, build a three-rung T-Bill ladder, where each rung represents a T-Bill with a different maturity date. T-Bills that mature in three months, six months, and nine months, respectively, might be found on the first rung, second rung, and third rung.

By reinvesting the proceeds from each maturing T-Bill into new ones with longer maturities, the investor can preserve the ladder’s structure and create a steady flow of income. By delaying the maturity dates of their investments, this technique helps investors spread out their exposure to reinvestment risk while capturing changing interest rates over time.

An investor would receive interest income of $50 from the first T-Bill after three months, $100 from the second T-Bill after six months, and $150 from the third T-Bill after nine months, for instance, if they initially purchase $10,000 worth of T-Bills with staggered maturities of three, six, and nine months, and each T-Bill offers an annualized yield of 2%.

In order to preserve the ladder’s structure and gradually produce a consistent income stream, the investor may reinvest the principal and interest into further T-Bills upon maturity.

💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.

How Do You Buy Treasury Bonds and Bills?

Purchasing Treasury Bills and Bonds is a simple process that may be carried out via a number of methods.

One popular way is via a brokerage account, where investors can buy Treasury securities through a broker-dealer. Or investors can buy directly from the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Treasury securities are easily accessible through a number of online brokerage platforms, enabling investors to buy and sell them with a few clicks.

Banks and other financial organizations that take part in Treasury auctions are another source for investors to purchase Treasury securities. Investors can place bids for the required quantity and yield at regular auctions held by the U.S. Department of the Treasury for Treasury securities, such as Treasury Bills, notes, and bonds.

Additionally, investors may purchase Treasury securities indirectly by investing in a diverse portfolio of Treasury securities through exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds with a Treasury concentration. Investors can easily obtain exposure to Treasury securities through these products without having to buy individual bonds or bills.

Is it Worth it to Build a Treasury Ladder?

Creating a Treasury ladder may have certain advantages for investors:

•   Possible protection against inflation: Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) within the ladder may help safeguard against the erosive effects of inflation by adjusting the principal value in line with changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

•   Revenue and cash flow: Treasury securities offer a steady income stream in the form of interest payments, which can be especially attractive to retirees or those looking for consistent cash flow. In order to provide liquidity for reinvestment or other financial needs, staggered maturities create a steady stream of maturing securities.

•   Diversification: Treasury ladders distribute assets across several Treasury security types and maturities, providing diversification and lowering total portfolio risk.

•   Security and less risk: Because they pay principal and interest on time by the U.S. government, U.S. Treasury securities are among the least risky investments available.

Are There Risks Associated with Treasury Bill and Bond Ladders?

Bond and Treasury bill ladders are typically regarded as low-risk investment techniques, but investors should be aware of certain potential risks.

Interest rate risk is one of the main risks connected to Treasury securities. Treasury securities’ market value can change inversely with changes in interest rates. This implies that the market value of current Treasury securities may decrease if interest rates rise, possibly resulting in a loss if the investor sells before maturity. On the other hand, investors who retain Treasury securities until maturity may benefit if interest rates decline and the market value of the securities rises.

Reinvestment risk is another thing to think about. Investors must reinvest the revenues from maturing assets into new securities because Treasury ladders feature staggered maturities. Investors may end up investing at lower rates if interest rates have dropped since the first investment, which might affect the ladder’s overall yield. On the other hand, investors might be able to reinvest at higher rates if interest rates have increased, which would raise the ladder’s total yield.

Even though Treasury securities are among the least risky investments available since they are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government, there is always a small but constant risk of default. The purchase power of the principal and interest payments of Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS) can be impacted by changes in inflation, so investors should be aware that TIPS involve an inflation risk.

Can You Set Up a Ladder Using ETFs?

ETFs that specialize in Treasury securities allow investors to indirectly build up a Treasury ladder. Treasury-focused ETFs offer investors exposure to a variety of Treasury Bills, notes, and bonds by holding a diversified portfolio of Treasury securities with different maturities.

Without having to buy individual assets, investors can obtain a comparable result to a Treasury ladder by investing in these ETFs.

When building a Treasury ladder, investors can benefit from a number of ETF features. They offer diversification over a wide array of Treasury securities, helping reduce credit risk as well as interest rate risk. Also, a wider range of investors can invest in ETFs since they usually have lower investment minimums than buying individual Treasury securities. ETFs also trade on stock exchanges, giving investors flexibility and liquidity to purchase and sell shares at any time during the trading day.

That’s not to say that ETFs don’t, generally, have some downsides, though. ETFs may experience tracking errors, for instance, and have associated trading costs. There may be other types of risk, too – just some things to keep in mind.

Treasury-focused ETFs frequently provide extra characteristics, such as improved yield strategies or inflation protection, to meet the unique requirements and preferences of investors. To make sure that ETFs match their investment goals and risk tolerance, investors should carefully consider the expense ratios and liquidity of the funds before making an investment.

💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

The Takeaway

Building a Treasury ladder may be a tool for investors looking for a way to maximize profits while controlling interest rate risk. And, as noted, investing in a Treasury ladder allows investors to spread out the risk and return associated with holding fixed-income securities.

Overall, the combination of potential inflation protection, minimized interest-rate risk, reliable income, diversification benefits, and lower relative risk make building a Treasury ladder a compelling investment strategy for many investors, particularly those with a conservative risk tolerance or seeking stable returns over time.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.

Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.¹

FAQ

Is laddering Treasury bills a good idea?

A T-Bill ladder distributes investments over a range of maturity dates, which helps investors diversify their holdings. It can aid in reducing interest rate risk.

Are Treasury ladders taxable?

Yes, you pay federal taxes on Treasury Bills at your marginal income tax rate, but state and local income taxes do not apply to them.

Is it better to buy a CD or a Treasury bill?

Depending on the length of term you desire, you can choose between Treasuries and a CD. Treasuries are a preferable option because rates are close enough for both one- to six-month and ten-year maturities. Right now, CDs are paying more for durations of one to five years, and the difference is significant enough to give them the advantage.


Photo credit: iStock/Yauhen Akulich

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Fund Fees
If you invest in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) through SoFi Invest (either by buying them yourself or via investing in SoFi Invest’s automated investments, formerly SoFi Wealth), these funds will have their own management fees. These fees are not paid directly by you, but rather by the fund itself. these fees do reduce the fund’s returns. Check out each fund’s prospectus for details. SoFi Invest does not receive sales commissions, 12b-1 fees, or other fees from ETFs for investing such funds on behalf of advisory clients, though if SoFi Invest creates its own funds, it could earn management fees there.
SoFi Invest may waive all, or part of any of these fees, permanently or for a period of time, at its sole discretion for any reason. Fees are subject to change at any time. The current fee schedule will always be available in your Account Documents section of SoFi Invest.


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Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.


¹Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

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A Guide to Special Margin Requirements

Guide to Special Margin Requirements

Special margin requirements refer to higher-than-normal requirements for margin traders. That typically means requirements that are above 25%.

According to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), many brokers keep even higher maintenance margin requirements, typically between 30% and 40% — and sometimes higher depending on the type of securities purchased. These special margin requirements may vary.

Key Points

•   Special margin requirements are set above the standard 25% maintenance margin rate, indicating a need for higher equity in the account.

•   These requirements are often applied to volatile stocks or concentrated positions, enhancing broker security.

•   Margin trading uses securities in your account as collateral to amplify potential returns, though it also involves paying interest on borrowed funds.

•   The SPAN system helps calculate these requirements by assessing one-day risk in futures and options markets.

•   Brokers issue margin calls when account equity falls below the required percentage, necessitating additional deposits or liquidation by the account holder.

What Are Special Margin Requirements?

Special margin requirements are higher than standard margin requirements — above a maintenance margin rate of 25%. Higher margin rate requirements mean you must maintain a higher equity amount in your account when trading on margin.

Margin trading refers to using cash and securities in your account as collateral to purchase more assets. In doing so, you can use leverage to amplify returns — but you must also pay interest on borrowed funds. For anyone interested in trading on margin, it’s important to know the rules of margin accounts and also which stocks feature special margin requirements.

When it comes to trading stocks on margin, there are plenty of blanket rules and regulations in place. For instance, the Federal Reserve requires a 50% initial margin and a 25% maintenance margin.

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) also require at least $2,000 of cash or securities to be deposited before someone can trade in a margin account.

Special margin requirements are often found on highly volatile stocks, so just a small drop in the price of these stocks can trigger a margin call. Brokers might also issue special margin requirements on concentrated positions in your account. Leveraged positions and other factors might also trigger special margin requirements.

Leverage and margin are related — but not the same.

Brokers do not just haphazardly issue special margin requirements. An analysis of historical volatility is used along with the use of SPAN margin. SPAN margin is calculated by standardized portfolio analysis of risk — a system used by exchanges around the world to control risk. SPAN margin determines margin requirements based on an assessment of one-day risk for a trader’s account. It is used primarily in options and futures markets. The SPAN system allows an exchange to know what a “worst-case” one-day move could be for any open futures position.

Special vs Standard Margin Requirements

Special Margin Requirement

Standard Margin Requirements

Brokers can determine special margin rates Initial margin set at 50%
A special margin requirement might exist for a concentrated position Some securities cannot be purchased on margin



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How Do Special Margin Requirements Work?

Special margin requirements work by enforcing stricter equity deposits in your account when trading volatile stocks. The broker wants to protect itself in the event the securities in your account rapidly drop in value. Another way a broker protects itself is by issuing margin calls when special margin requirement percentages are breached.

With a margin call, you must deposit more cash or securities into your account to meet the call. You can also liquidate your holdings to generate cash and increase your equity percentage. If you fail to meet the call on time, the broker might liquidate your positions for you.

For a broker, it’s important to have safeguards like special margin requirements in place in case financial markets turn volatile. If many investors face margin calls all at once, the broker could face credit risk if those investors are unable to repay loans used in margin trading.

Pros and Cons of Special Margin Requirements

In terms of benefits and drawbacks, the upside is that special margin requirements help to control risk when investors engage in day trading — and the downside is more restrictions on your margin trading account.

Here’s a deeper dive into positives and negatives for the broker and for the investor.

Pros and Cons for Brokers

Pros Cons
Reduces risk when markets turn volatile More restrictive trading could turn away customers
Allows for tighter margin calls on risky positions Individuals might seek looser requirements from other brokers
Historical data provides a guide as to which stocks are most volatile Uncertainty exists when trying to predict what the most volatile securities will be going forward

Pros and Cons for Investors

Pros Cons
Highly volatile stocks are easier to identify Higher equity is required to trade certain stocks
Provides a guardrail when trading stocks Margin calls can trigger more quickly
Can be a tool to identify highly volatile stocks for options trading Margin percentages can change without notice

The Takeaway

While many stocks and ETFs have initial margin amounts of 50% and maintenance margin levels at 25%, some volatile stocks have higher special margin requirements. These requirements help protect both brokers and investors in the event that the stock tanks.

Margin trading is typically riskier than trading with a cash account. Investing with borrowed funds amplifies returns — positive and negative. It is important to be aware of the risks involved with this strategy.

If you’re an experienced trader and have the risk tolerance to try out trading on margin, consider enabling a SoFi margin account. With a SoFi margin account, experienced investors can take advantage of more investment opportunities, and potentially increase returns. That said, margin trading is a high-risk endeavor, and using margin loans can amplify losses as well as gains.

Get one of the most competitive margin loan rates with SoFi, from 4.75% to 9.50%*

FAQ

What is a special margin account?

A margin account is a type of brokerage account in which your broker lends you cash, using the account’s equity as collateral, to purchase securities. These securities are known as marginable securities. Margin increases your purchasing power but also exposes you to the potential for larger losses.

What are margin requirements?

Margin requirements are percentages of equity you must maintain in your margin trading account. According to Regulation T of the Federal Reserve Board, the initial margin for equities is 50% and maintenance margin is 25%. There are higher special margin requirements for highly volatile stocks. In addition, if you have a concentrated position, you might face a special higher margin requirement.

How much money do you need to open a margin account?

The NYSE and FINRA require a deposit of $2,000 or cash or securities with your broker before trading on margin. Some firms may require larger deposits.


Photo credit: iStock/akinbostanci

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Utilizing a margin loan is generally considered more appropriate for experienced investors as there are additional costs and risks associated. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment when using margin. Please see SoFi.com/wealth/assets/documents/brokerage-margin-disclosure-statement.pdf for detailed disclosure information.


¹Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

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