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Think your homeowners or renters insurance policy is just about covering your physical home and the stuff inside it? Think again. Most homeowners and renters policies include personal liability insurance coverage, as well — an important type of coverage that can really come in handy if you end up needing it.

Personal liability insurance coverage pays out in the event someone is accidentally hurt or has their belongings damaged on your property, as well as accidental property damage that you or your family may inflict on someone else outside your home. Personal liability coverage helps keep you from paying out of pocket for legal fees and medical bills that can arise from these situations — which can avert a financial catastrophe, given how expensive those costs can be.

Read on to learn more about this important type of insurance coverage and how to ensure you have it (and enough of it, at that).

What Is Personal Liability Insurance?

Now that we’ve got a basic definition of personal liability insurance — insurance that covers expenses you may be liable for in case of accidental injury or damage — let’s take a look at an example.

Say you have a friend over at your house and they accidentally fall down the stairs into your basement, breaking their ankle (and getting really freaked out) in the process. Even a good friend might sue you for damages under these circumstances, not least because medical expenses are so, well, expensive. If your friend doesn’t have medical insurance, the broken ankle alone might cost them up to $2,500 if it’s a simple break that requires a cast… or orders of magnitude higher if it requires surgery.

Chances are you don’t have thousands of dollars to pay out of pocket for your friend’s medical bills, not to mention any legal fees you might incur if they should decide to actually bring you to court on top of all that. Personal liability insurance can come to the rescue here, paying out up to your coverage limit so your assets are protected.

Along with accidental injuries that occur in your home or on your property, personal liability insurance can also protect you from accidental damages perpetrated by your family. For example, maybe your 12-year-old boy accidentally throws a football through your neighbor’s window (oops), shattering the glass and also breaking an expensive picture frame in the process. Personal liability insurance can payout in this instance, too. Phew!

What Does Personal Liability Insurance Cover?

Personal liability insurance can certainly be a godsend in applicable situations, but it doesn’t cover everything. You should always review your policy information to ensure you know exactly what’s covered by your specific plan, but generally speaking, here are the types of expenses personal liability insurance covers:

•  Medical bills incurred by visitors who accidentally get injured at your home or as a result of your negligence

•  Legal fees incurred if a visitor sues you for injury or damages to their property

•  Actual property damage sustained by a visitor to your home, or as a result of your negligence

•  Bodily injury and property damage caused by your pets or children, both on and off your home property

As with most other forms of insurance, even covered damages can only be paid up to the given limit written into your policy. For many homeowners insurance plans, that limit is $100,000 per occurrence at a minimum, though there may be specific clauses about how those monies are paid out (more on this in just a minute when we discuss medical payments).

If you decide you need additional coverage, you may be able to obtain it through your homeowners or renters insurance policy (though it may drive up your premium cost). You might also choose to purchase an umbrella insurance policy, which extends your personal liability coverage substantially. Umbrella insurance can be a good idea for those with high net worths or who are at high risk of a personal liability claim.

Recommended: What Is Renters Insurance and Do I Need It?

Medical Payments

Most personal liability policies will pay out for the medical expenses of people accidentally injured on your property, even if they don’t sue you for those damages (or you’re not otherwise legally obligated to pay).

However, these medical payments come with their own limits, which may be as low as $1,000 per person. Again, you may be able to purchase higher amounts of coverage, but it’s important to thoroughly review your insurance policy to understand exactly what you’re getting.

Recommended: Beginner’s Guide to Health Insurance

What Is Not Covered by Personal Liability Insurance?

We’ve talked a lot about what personal liability insurance covers. But what, specifically, is excluded?

Personal liability insurance does not cover:

•  Injuries or property damages caused intentionally by you or your family — liability insurance is for accidents only

•  Liability resulting from a car accident — that’s what car insurance is for!

•  Accidental injuries or damages you or your family sustain in your own home

•  Any bodily injury or damage that occurs as a result of business or professional activities, even if those activities are occurring in your home (that’s why you need a separate business insurance policy)

Of course, the list of what’s not covered by a personal liability insurance plan is always going to be substantially longer than the list of what is covered. If you have questions about your coverage, speak with your insurance agent directly or refer to your policy documentation for full details.

What Else You Need to Know About Personal Liability Insurance

Like other portions of your homeowners or renters insurance policy (or any policy, for that matter), when it comes time to file a personal liability claim, you may still be responsible for some of the expenses. This is called the deductible, and it’s the amount you pay out-of-pocket to cover the damages you’re filing the claim for.

Many homeowners insurance policies have a deductible of $1,000. So, for example, if you’re held accountable for $30,000 of medical and legal fees resulting from a personal liability claim, you’d pay $1,000 and your insurance company would pay $29,000 toward those expenses.

The deductible is separate from the premium cost you pay on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis simply to keep the policy active. And while it may feel like a burden, even a high deductible is a way better deal than having to pay for the entire cost of the damages out of pocket in most cases.

The Takeaway

Personal liability insurance is a type of coverage that protects your assets by paying for bodily injury and property damage accidentally sustained by visitors to your property (or perpetrated by you or your family off your property). This type of coverage is generally baked into a homeowners or renters insurance policy, though you can also purchase additional umbrella insurance coverage to extend your personal liability limit.

While personal liability coverage — and homeowners/renters insurance as a whole — is certainly an important kind of protection, it’s not the only one you should rely on. If you have family members and loved ones who rely on your earnings, you should consider purchasing life insurance, which will help ensure they’ll continue to be taken care of should something happen to you.

SoFi has teamed up with Ladder to offer competitive, easy-to-understand life insurance policies that range from $100,000 to $8 million, and we’ll even help you draft your will and estate plan for free. We don’t require medical tests for eligible applicants, so you can get a decision in minutes — today.

Get your life insurance quote in just minutes.

Photo credit: iStock/Edwin Tan

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The bull put credit spread, also referred to as bull put spread or put credit spread, is an options trading strategy. In a bull put credit spread, an investor buys one put option and sells another. Each set of options has the same underlying security and the same expiration date, but a different strike (exercise) price. The strategy has limited upside and downside potential.

Investors employing a bull put credit spread receive a net credit from the difference in option premiums. The strategy seeks to profit from a modest increase in price of the underlying asset before the expiration date. The trade will also benefit from time decay or a decline in implied volatility.

Recommended: 10 Important Options Trading Strategies

How a Bull Put Credit Spread Works

In a bull put credit spread, the investor uses put options, which give the investor the right – but not the obligation – to sell a security at a given price during a set period of time. For that reason, they’re typically used by investors who want to bet that a stock will go down.

To construct a bull put credit spread, a trader first sells a put option at a given strike price and expiration date, receiving the premium (a credit) for the sale. This option is known as the short leg.

At the same time, the trader buys a put option at a lower strike price, paying a premium. This option is called the long leg. The premium for the long leg put option will always be less than the short leg, since the lower strike put is further out-of-the money. Thus, the trader receives a net credit for setting up the trade.

The difference between the strike prices of the two sets of options is known as the “spread,” giving the strategy its name. The “credit” in the name comes from the fact that the trader receives a net premium upfront.

Recommended: What Is a Protective Put? Definition and Example

Profiting from a Bull Put Credit Spread

In a properly executed bull put credit spread strategy, as long as the value of the underlying security remains above a certain level, the strategy produces a profit as the difference in value between the two sets of options diminish. This reduction in the “spread” between the two put options reflects time decay, a dynamic by which the value of an options contract declines as that contract grows closer to its expiration date.

As the “bull” in the name indicates, the strategy’s users believe that the value of the underlying security will go up before the options used in the strategy expire. For bull put credit spread investors, the more the value of the underlying security goes up during the life of the strategy, the better their returns, although there’s a cap on the total profit an investor can receive.

If the underlying security drops under the long-put strike price, then the options trader can lose money on the strategy.

Recommended: How to Trade Options

Maximum Gain, Loss, and Break-Even of a Bull Put Credit Spread

Investors in a bull put credit spread strategy make money when the value of the underlying security of the options goes up, but the trade comes with limited loss and gain potential. The short put gives the investor a credit, but caps the potential upside of the trade. And the purpose of the long put position – which the investor purchases – protects against loss.

The maximum gain on a bull put credit spread will be obtained when the price of the underlying security is at or above the strike price of the short put. In this case, both put options are out-of-the-money, and expire worthless, so the trader keeps the full net premium received when the trade was initiated.

The maximum loss will be reached when the price of the underlying security falls below the strike price of the long put (lower strike). Both put options would be in-the-money, and the loss (at expiration) will be equal to the spread (the difference in the two strike prices) less the net premium received.

The breakeven is equal to the strike price of short put (higher strike) minus net premium received.

Example of a Bull Put Credit Spread

Here’s an example of how trading a bull put credit spread can work:

Bob, a qualified investor, thinks that the price of XYZ stock may increase modestly or hold at its current price of $50 over the next 30 days. He chooses to initiate a bull put credit spread.

Bob sells a put option with a strike price of $50 for a premium of $3, and buys a put option with a strike price of $45 for a premium of $1, both expiring in 30 days. He earns a net credit of $2, the difference in premiums. And because one options contract controls 100 shares of the underlying asset, the total credit received is $200.

Scenario 1: Maximum Profit

The best case scenario for Bob is that the price of XYZ is at or above $50 on expiration day. Both put options expire worthless, and the maximum profit is reached. His total gain is $200, equal to $3 – $1 = $2 x 100 shares, less any commissions. Once the price of XYZ is above $50, the higher strike price, the trade ceases to gain additional profit.

Scenario 2: Maximum Loss

The worst case scenario for Bob is that the price of XYZ is below $45 on expiration day. The maximum loss would be reached, which is equal to $300, plus any commissions. That’s because $500 ($50 – $45 x 100) minus the $200 net credit received is $300. Once the price of XYZ is below $45, the trade ceases to lose any more money.

Scenario 3: Breakeven

Suppose that on expiration day, XYZ trades at $48. The long put, with a strike of $45, is out-of-the-money, and expires worthless, but the short put is in-the-money by $2. The loss on this option is equal to $200 ($2 x 100 shares), which is offset by the $200 credit received. Bob breaks even, as the profit and loss net out to $0.

Related Strategies: Bear Put Debit Spread

The opposite of the bull put credit spread is the bear put debit spread, also known as a put debit spread or bear put spread. In a bear put spread, the investor buys a put option at one strike price and sells a put option at a lower strike price – essentially swapping the order of the bull put credit spread. While this sounds similar to the bull put spread, the construction of the bear put spread results in two key differences.

First, the bear put spread, as its name implies, represents a “bearish” bet on the underlying security. The trade will tend to profit if the price of the underlying declines.

Second, the bear put spread is a “debit” transaction – the trader will pay a net premium to enter it, since the premium for the long leg (the higher strike price option) will be more than the premium on the short leg (the lower strike price option).

Bull Put Credit Spread Pros and Cons

There are benefits and drawbacks to using bull put credit spreads when investing.

Pros

Here are the advantages to using a bull put credit spread:

•   The inevitable time decay of options improves the probability that the trade will be profitable.

•   Bull put credit spread traders can still make a profit if the underlying stock price drops by a relatively small amount.

•   The timing and strategy for exiting the position are built into the initial trades.

Cons

In addition to the benefits, there are also some disadvantages when considering a bull put strategy.

•   The profit potential in a put credit spread is limited, and may be lower than the return if the investor had simply purchased the security outright.

•   On average, the maximum loss in the strategy is larger than the maximum gain.

•   Options strategies are more complicated than some other forms of investing, making it difficult for beginner investors to engage.

The Takeaway

Bull put credit spreads are bullish options trading strategies, where the investor sells one put option and buys another with a lower strike price. That investor can make money when the value of the underlying security of the options goes up, but the trade comes with limited loss and gain potential.

If you’re ready to start trading options, check out SoFi’s options trading platform. It’s user-friendly, thanks to the platform’s intuitive design, and it offers a library of educational resources about options. Investors can continue to read up on options through the available library of educational resources.

Trade options with low fees through SoFi.

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Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
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