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Does living on a budget sound like a bummer, all about scrimping and saving? It shouldn’t! A budget is really just a way to evaluate and keep better track of what money you have coming in and going out each month.

Having insight into the big picture of your personal finances can make it much easier to figure out where you may need to make tweaks so you can reach your personal and financial goals.

Rather than feeling restrictive, living with a budget can actually make your life easier and less stressful, while also helping you prepare for the future.

Here are some ideas to help get you going.

1. Determining What’s Coming In

The first step for creating a budget is to figure out how much money you are earning after taxes every month.

This might be easy for salaried W2 workers who automatically get their taxes taken out of every paycheck. You can simply look at what is coming into your bank account each month. It can be a bit trickier for 1099 freelancers who only see how much they are taxed at the end of the year.

For freelancers, there is a simple solution though: Using how much you made the previous year and what taxes you paid, you can then pay estimated quarterly taxes to the IRS. This can help give you a more accurate picture of how much you are earning on a monthly basis.

2. Listing Spending Categories

Next, you’ll want to figure out how much you’re spending each month.

This involves going through one month’s worth of expenses and dividing everything up into categories, then figuring how much you spend on each. You can do this by hand, make a budget in Excel, or use a budgeting app (your financial institution may even offer a free one).

Spending categories typically include necessities, such as rent/mortgage, transportation (like car expenses or public transportation costs), food, cell phone, healthcare/insurance, life insurance, childcare, and any debts (credit cards/ loans).

You’ll also need to list nonessential spending, such as cable television, streaming services, concert and movie tickets, restaurants, clothing, etc.

It’s also important to include monthly contributions to a retirement plan and personal savings in your list of expense categories.

If you don’t currently have an emergency fund in place (that could cover at least three to six months of living expenses just in case), consider putting it on the spending list, so you can start putting some money towards it each month. (Putting it in a high-yield savings account can be a wise move to help it grow. You might even automate your finances and have a small sum deducted right after payday and put into the account)

3. Seeing Where You Stand

Once you have a sense of your monthly earnings and spending, it’s time to see how your numbers line up with general budgeting guidelines. One budgeting method to consider is the 50/30/20 model, which looks like this:

•   50% of money goes towards necessities such as a home, car, cell phone, and utility bills.

•   30% goes towards your wants, such as entertainment and dining out.

•   20% goes towards your savings goals, such as a retirement plan, a downpayment on a home, emergency fund, or investments.

By looking at your income versus your expenses, it will be easy to see what, if any, changes need to be made.

4. Making Adjustments

There are many ways to adjust how much you’re spending in order to reach certain personal finance goals.

The easiest way to change your spending habits is to trim some of your nonessential expenditures. For example, perhaps internet and cable television costs $120 a month, and if cable is cut out, it would result in a savings of $130 a month.

Sticking to a budget may also require looking at the bigger picture and finding places for more significant savings. “Along with reducing small indulgences, cutting your rent can be an effective way to free up more cash in your budget,” says Brian Walsh, CFP® and Head of Advice & Planning at SoFi. This is especially true if your rent is eating up 50% or more of your monthly income. Or, you might want to consider trading in an expensive car lease for an older, pre-owned vehicle.

5. Negotiating With Credit Card Companies and Service Providers

If debt and bills are too high, then it’s going to be much harder to budget and save up money for the future.

One way to cut back is to negotiate with credit card companies and service providers. Credit card companies want their money back, so when cardholders call and say they can pay if some adjustments are made, they may be willing to help. You might ask if you can get your monthly payment or interest rate reduced, or if it’s possible to remove late fees.

Cardholders can ask for their monthly payment to be lowered, see if their interest rate can be lowered, and/or ask if it’s possible to remove late fees.

It may also be possible to lower monthly bills for internet, cable, streaming services, medical bills, and car insurance. For instance, if you see a promotion going on for cable and internet, you can always ask your cable company if they can apply that promotional rate to your account.

You can also use a car insurance quote comparison tool to find a lower car insurance rate, or call up a hospital to negotiate a medical bill.

6. Taking on a Side Gig

Once you set up a living budget, it may seem clear that additional income could be a big help. If you have the time and energy, you might take on a low-cost side hustle to bring in more money. Some ideas include:

•   Selling things on eBay, Craigslist, or Facebook Marketplace

•   Having a garage sale

•   Creating an Etsy store and selling homemade goods

•   Driving for a rideshare or food delivery service

•   Giving music lessons

•   Renting out a room on Airbnb

•   Walking dogs

•   Cleaning houses

•   Babysitting

•   Handling social media for small businesses

•   Selling writing, photography, or videography services to clients

Setting aside additional income for necessary expenses and future goals, and not spending all of the money on immediate wants, can be a big help when it comes to living on a budget.

Recommended: How to Make Money From Home

7. Using Cash Whenever You Can

It’s easy to spend money when only using credit cards and debit cards. Whenever possible, consider using cash, as it makes it easier to see the impact of your spending. You might be less likely to go into debt since money doesn’t seem invisible anymore. Taking out enough cash at the beginning of the week to cover your daily expenses could help you stick with your budget.

The Takeaway

Living on a budget doesn’t have to feel onerous and restrictive. In fact, the process of setting up a budget and sticking to it every month, can eventually free you from financial burdens and help you reach your life goals.

Getting started involves listing everything that is coming in and everything that is going out each month. The next step involves figuring out where you stand, and what you can do to get closer to your personal and financial goals. This may involve cutting back in some areas and also finding some ways to boost your income.

Keep at it and soon you will be in control of your finances, rather than the other way around. The right banking partner can also help you track your income and spending and stay on top of your budget.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What is the 50-30-20 budget rule?

The 50-30-20 budget rule is a simple financial guideline that divides your income into three categories: 50% for essential expenses (like rent and groceries), 30% for discretionary spending (like entertainment and dining out), and 20% for savings and debt repayment. This rule helps maintain a balanced budget, ensuring you cover necessities, enjoy life, and save for the future, promoting financial stability and peace of mind.

What are the 4 A’s of budgeting?

The 4 A’s of budgeting are: Accounting, Analysis, Allocation, and Adjustment.

•   Accounting: Track your income and expenses to understand your financial inflows and outflows.

•   Analysis: Review your financial data to identify patterns and areas for improvement.

•   Allocation: Distribute your funds to different categories based on your priorities and financial goals.

•   Adjustment: Regularly update your budget to reflect changes in your financial situation and ensure you stay on track.

These steps help you create and maintain a practical, effective budget.

How to survive on $1,000 a month?

Surviving on $1,000 a month requires strict budgeting and prioritizing needs over wants. Start by covering essential expenses like rent, utilities, and groceries. If necessary, look for ways to lower some of these fixed costs, like taking on a roommate or moving to a cheaper area. You may also need to reduce nonessential spending (like dining out and subscriptions), use public transportation, and shop secondhand whenever possible. Consider side gigs or freelance work to supplement your income.

About the author

Kylie Ora Lobell

Kylie Ora Lobell is a personal finance writer who covers topics such as credit cards, loans, investing, and budgeting. She has worked for major brands such as Mastercard and Visa, and her work has been featured by MoneyGeek, Slickdeals, TaxAct, and LegalZoom. Read full bio.

A stock market index measures the performance of a particular “basket” of stocks, representing a market segment based on factors such as market capitalization, industry, or region. Investors use these market indexes in many ways, such as to analyze current market conditions, identify industry trends, and invest in index funds.

To help you better understand how market indexes work and how investors use them to their advantage, here’s a deep dive into the inner workings of stock market indexes.

What is a Market Index?

A stock market index tracks a specific group of stocks in a market segment, like a specific industry or region. Indexes can tell investors and financial institutions a lot about specific investments, the sector as a whole, even the overall economy. Here are a few insights investors look to indexes for:

•  To understand how the economy is performing

•  To help with trend forecasting

•  To create benchmarks to evaluate a particular investment’s profitability

Take, for example, the S&P 500, which tracks the 500 largest publicly-traded U.S. companies in the stock market. Each company is carefully selected to embody every primary industry, thus creating a replication of the market as a whole. Conceptually, an investor might look at the past performance of the S&P 500 to assess whether the stock market is emerging or receding.

How Stock Market Indexes Work

Indexes are made up of hundreds and sometimes thousands of stocks. However, the index doesn’t evenly assess each stock. Depending on what stocks have higher weight in an index, their performance may have more or less influence on how the index performs overall.

There are a few ways indexes are typically weighted:

•  Price-weighted: In price-weighted indexes, the stocks with the higher price will have a greater influence on overall performance than those with lower prices.

•  Capitalization-weighted: These indexes look at the total value (or market capitalization) of each stock’s outstanding share to determine its weighted value, giving smaller market caps a lower percentage weighting, and higher market caps a larger one.

•  Value-weighted: A light math formula is employed in this type of index, where the price of the stock is multiplied by the number of outstanding shares.

•  Equal-weighted: In this index type, all stocks are given equal weight, regardless of market cap, value, or price.

Types of Stock Market Indexes

While there are many indexes investors and financial professionals can follow, here are a few examples of stock market indexes.

•  S&P 500: The S&P 500 measures the largest publicly-traded U.S. stocks. Financial professionals use the performance of the S&P 500 as a basis to compare other investment options.

•  NASDAQ Composite Index: The NASDAQ Composite Index measures over 3,000 global and U.S. stocks registered on the NASDAQ stock market. Because it covers so many stocks, it is one of the most followed and quoted indexes. Some of the types of stocks include common stock and real estate trusts (REITs).

•  Dow Jones Industrial Average: The Dow Jones Industrial Average, commonly known as the DJIA, measures 30 US-based blue-chip stocks that are often referred to as the foundation of the U.S. economy. These stocks usually include companies in market segments of the economy, with the exception of transportation and utilities (the Dow Jones has separate indexes for those two sectors).

•  Russell 2000 Index: In contrast to the S&P 500, which follows large-cap stocks, the Russell 2000 follows 2000 of the smallest companies in the U.S. market (or small-cap stocks), making it a good benchmark for small, publicly-traded companies.

How to Invest in a Stock Market Index

Although it’s possible to purchase all stocks within a particular index, this method might be too time-consuming, complicated, and potentially expensive. Another option is to invest in ETFs or index funds that attempt to replicate indexes’ performance, known as an index fund. This investment strategy is often referred to as index investing.

With index investing, investors can effortlessly access index funds. By investing in index funds, they can also follow some common investing pillars, such as diversification. For example, investing in an index fund helps investors exercise a diversification strategy instead of a strategy centered around stock-picking and market timing.

Advantages of Investing in a Stock Market Index

As an investment strategy, index investing has certain benefits that may attract investors. These are the big ones.

Index Advantage: Simple Investment Management

By investing in a stock market index, investors may earn better returns with minimal effort, making index investing an easier way to manage their investments.

Investing in a stock market index is typically considered a passive investing strategy, where investors buy and hold securities to hopefully capitalize on long-term gains. Conversely, active investors buy and sell securities with the intent to beat the market or some form of index returns.

Because active investors are more hands-on, it’s easy to assume that they may reap higher returns than what the average index investor would see. But that’s not necessarily the case. In addition to most actively managed funds underperforming their passive investing counterparts, active investing requires a lot of time and analysis, and is often very challenging.

Index Advantage: Diversification

Diversification is considered by some to be one of the vital building blocks of a thorough investment strategy. With diversification, investors spread their investment across various assets instead of putting all of their money into a single security.

Since investments may perform differently in dissimilar economic environments, diversification may help investors minimize their risk exposure. In other words, if one investment drops in value, investors still have other investments to potentially make up for the loss.

Index Advantage: Minimal Barriers to Entry

For investors on a strict budget, it might be challenging to invest in more than just a few companies. However, by investing in a stock market index, they have exposure to a large assortment of stocks using the same amount of cash.

What’s more, investors don’t need the assistance of a money manager or financial advisor to invest in an index. That said, it’s still essential to review any related fees and costs. While indexes tend to have lower taxes and fees, it’s generally a good idea to review all costs involved in any investment before moving forward.

Disadvantages of Investing in Stock Market Indexes

Few things in life are perfect, and that includes investments. Here are some common disadvantages of investing in stock market indexes.

Index Disadvantage: Not a Short-Term Investment Strategy

Because indexes follow the market, their value increases incrementally, making them a better long-term investment strategy than short-term. Investors may also see fluctuations in returns, since they’ll go through various business cycles, which means that at times, investors may see very small, if any, increases to their portfolios.

Index Disadvantage: They Don’t Fully Follow a Certain Index

Stock market indexes may closely chart the index they track, but they may not perform exactly how the entire index performs. This is because indexes typically don’t include all of the stocks within a particular index; they only include a snapshot of the index as a whole. Thus, the index fund can’t wholly mimic the performance of the entire index.

However, while the index doesn’t directly mimic a stock market’s performance, it tends to have similar price fluctuations. So, if the market increases, typically the index will as well.

The Takeaway

The stock market index is a useful way for investors and analysts to get a sense of how a certain segment of the market is performing — whether that’s the top 500 publicly traded large-cap US companies, or the bottom 2000 small-cap ones. It’s also a way for investors to diversify their portfolios in one move, by investing in an index fund or ETF.

For investors who are interested, the government recommends reviewing all of the information available on a particular index, including the fund’s prospectus and most recent shareholder report. You may also want to identify the fees, your investment goals, and the investment risk of investing in a particular index.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).