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College planning is an exciting time for you and your child. But, as exciting as it may be, there is a lot of preparation involved.

So, whether your child is entering into their freshman year of high school or a few months away from graduation, there is no better time to start planning than the present.

From figuring out your financials to helping your child prepare for admission exams, this college planning checklist for parents can help streamline your child’s transition from high school to college.

Starting a Savings Plan

College can be expensive. According to the Education Data Initiative, the average cost of college in the U.S. is $36,436 per year, including books, supplies, and daily living expenses. Indeed, the cost of going to college has more than doubled over the past two decades.

As prices continue to soar, it’s easy to become worried about how your child will pay for college or that they will have to take out a crushing amount of student debt in order to pay for the college of their dreams.

With this reality top-of-mind, it’s wise to start saving for your child’s college tuition and fees. But, while many parents may have the best intention of helping their children pay for their college expenses, they often fail to prepare.

So, even if your child is just now entering high school, you can still start saving and preparing for college costs. It’s never too late to start setting money aside for your children’s education.


💡 Quick Tip: You can fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

Paying Close Attention to Grades and Curriculum

Since grades and curriculum are crucial to getting an acceptance letter, you may want to keep close tabs on your student’s grades and study habits. From helping with studying to supporting homework expectations, getting involved with your kid’s coursework may help them perform better in school.

You may also want to encourage them to take Advanced Placement courses. Since AP courses allow you to tackle college-level material while your child is still in high school, your student may get ahead by taking some.

Also, if your student passes the AP exam at the end of the class, they could be rewarded with college credits. Racking up college credits could save you time and money in the future.

For example, if your child takes AP English in high school, they might be able to skip freshman-level English once they get to the college or university of their choice.

There are fees associated with taking AP exams. Fee reductions may be available for qualified applicants.

Recommended: ACT vs. SAT: Which Do Colleges Prefer?

Encouraging Involvement with the Community

College applications were up sharply for fall 2023, according to data collected by the Common App. With the increase in competition, your child will need to stand out. While the top factors in admission decisions tend to be academics, the next most important factors typically include a student’s demonstrated interest and extracurricular activities.

Encouraging your child to get involved in the community could also potentially help them write a solid college application, and even help them decide what they want to do with the rest of their lives.

For example, if your child loves to run, they may want to try out for the track team to round out their classes or volunteer as a track coach for a youth team. Or, if they prefer journalism instead of sports, they may want to try writing for the school newspaper.

Not only will getting involved help with their college application but it will help sharpen their skills. So, don’t be afraid to encourage them to explore their passions and get involved with the school and/or local community. You might even want to get involved with them.

Planning for the SAT and ACT

Another key component to receiving acceptance letters from colleges and universities is having acceptable SAT and ACT scores. Some schools require the Scholastic Aptitude Test known as the SAT, while others may require the American College Testing, known as the ACT. Some schools will accept either one, but it’s a good idea to check the preference of the schools your child will apply to.

To help your child prepare, you can encourage them to sign up for an after-school prep class or practice at home by using online resources such as Khan Academy’s free SAT practice program in partnership with The College Board.

Recommended: How to Help Your Child with SAT Practice

Researching Schools

One of the most important components of college planning for your child is helping them decide which university or college is the right fit. Fortunately, there are plenty of options available to help you find a school that will fit your child’s education and experience needs.

To get started in the decision-making process you may first want to help your child decide what degree they would like to achieve. If they know they want to be an engineer, you may want to focus on schools with good engineering programs.

Even if you may think their degree is too niche, there is often a program that will support it. Whether they want to study astrobiology or comic art, there is often a program for your child. However, if they are unsure of a major, they may want help finding a school with more program options available.

It’s also wise to consider factors such as location and the type of college experience your child wants to have. For example, if they want to go to a school close to home and commute to save money, that desire will limit the search parameters.

Remember, while you may be the voice of reason, the ultimate decision is up to your child — the student. Simply help them evaluate all of the key factors in making an informed decision.

Scheduling College Visits

College visits can be a big help when it comes to finding the right fit. With this in mind, you may want to help your child plan a college visit well in advance of making a decision. The College Board recommends scheduling your visits during your child’s junior year in the spring if you have already researched schools.

For seniors, it may be best to schedule visits in the fall through the winter months. This may help seniors narrow down their options.

Since you want your child to get a feel of the college experience, you’ll want to make sure classes are in session. Therefore, it’s also wise to avoid visits during holidays or break weeks.


💡 Quick Tip: Would-be borrowers will want to understand the different types of student loans that are available: private student loans, federal Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans, Direct PLUS loans, and more.

Investigating Financial Aid Options

Even if you have saved for your child’s education, you may want or need to explore other funding options, which could include your child taking on some of the cost.

Completing a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is one of the first recommended steps to applying for student financial aid, whether that is in the form of grants, scholarships, federal loans, or work-study. Filing for the 2024-2025 school year opens in December, 2023 (a delay from the usual October 1) and will continue until June 30, 2024.

It’s recommended to complete the form as soon as possible because there are differing deadlines to be aware of, including for individual colleges as well as federal and state deadlines. The sooner you submit your FAFSA, generally, the better your chances of receiving aid will be.

Colleges and universities will use the information reported on the FAFSA to determine how much aid a student is eligible for. Even if your child has not applied to a school yet, they can list that school on the FAFSA, so encourage them to include their dream school as well as those they consider safety schools.

A Student Aid Report (SAR), which is a summary of information provided on the FAFSA, will be sent within three weeks — sometimes sooner. Corrections to the FAFSA, if needed, can be made after reviewing this report. The SAR contains information about a student’s Expected Family Contribution (EFC) (which will soon be called the Student Aid Index or SAI). It is recommended that the report be kept for your records.

The schools listed on the FAFSA will have access to the information within a few days of when the form is submitted. If your student is approved for financial aid, they will receive financial aid award letters from each school they applied and were accepted to. These letters will include information such as the cost of attendance (COA), EFC/SAI, grants, scholarships, loans, and other financial aid that your child might be eligible for.

Comparing each financial aid award letter can help you and your child determine the financial obligation of attending each school. It is recommended to exhaust all federal aid options before considering a private loan. But if you are looking for supplemental funding for your child’s education, private student loans may be an option.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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The “Greeks” in options trading — known as delta, gamma, theta, and vega — are metrics that help traders understand the value and pricing of a given options contract.

Because options are derivatives, the value of each contract — the premium — depends on a complex interaction of different factors, including time to expiration, price volatility, and changes in the value of the underlying security. Each of these factors is represented by a Greek letter.

While there are a number of options Greeks to explore, delta, gamma, theta, and vega are the four main Greeks in options trading.

Options Greeks may sound like a foreign language, but to options traders the Greeks are essential to understanding how, or if, they’re making any money, since it can be so difficult to understand the true value of an option.

A Quick Look at Options

“Options” is short for “options contracts,” which are a type of investment that traders buy and sell much like stocks and bonds. But options are derivatives — that is, they aren’t really assets in and of themselves. Instead, their value (or lack thereof) derives from another underlying asset, typically a specific stock.

Traders buy different types of options, when they think that stock prices will go up (a call) or down (a put). They also use options to hedge or offset investment risks on other assets in their portfolio.

Recommended: How to Trade Options: A Beginner’s Guide

In a nutshell, though, traders typically buy options through an investment broker. Those options give investors the option, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security at a later date, and at a specific price. Investors can buy an option for a price, called a premium, and then buy or sell that option.

So, while an option itself is a derivative of another investment, it can gain or lose value, too. For example, if an investor were to buy a call option on Stock A — basically, a bet that Stock A’s share price will increase — the value of that call option would go up if Stock A’s price goes up.

But the opposite would be true if an investor purchased a put option on Stock A, betting that Stock A’s price would go down. Similar to shorting a stock, the investor would effectively lose their bet (and see the value of their option fall) if Stock A’s share price increased.

💡 Quick Tip: Options can be a cost-efficient way to place certain trades, because you typically purchase options contracts, not the underlying security. That said, options trading can be risky, and best done by those who are not entirely new to investing.

What Are Option Greeks?

Options traders use these letters to describe their option positions and make their best guess as to what might happen next with those positions as they relate to the underlying stocks.

In short, the Greeks look at different factors that could impact the price of an option. Calculating the Greeks isn’t an exact science. Traders use a variety of formulas, usually by a mathematical model. Because of that, these measurements are usually all theoretical.

Here’s a look at the most common Greeks used by traders.

Recommended: Options Trading Terms You Need to Know

Delta

Delta measures how much an option’s price will change if the underlying stock’s price changes. Specifically, it measures the option’s price change in relation to every $1 change in the underlying stock. It’s usually expressed as a decimal, like “0.50,” for example.

So, if an option has a delta of 0.50, in theory, that means that the option’s price will move $0.50 for every $1 move in the stock’s price. Another way to think of delta is that it gives an investor an idea as to the probability that they’ll make money from an option. If delta is 0.50, for example, that can equate to a 50% chance or so that an option will expire in the money — that an investor’s bet will have paid off.

Gamma

The second Greek, gamma, tracks the sensitivity of an option’s delta. If delta measures how an option’s price changes in relation to a stock’s price, then gamma measures how delta itself changes in relation to a change in the stock’s price.

Think of an option as a car going down the highway. The car’s speed would be its delta. The car’s acceleration would be its gamma, as acceleration is measuring the change in speed. Gamma is also typically expressed as a decimal. If we go back to our earlier example — that delta is 0.50 — and delta changes to 0.6, then gamma would be 0.1.

Theta

Theta measures an option’s sensitivity to time. It gives investors a sense of how much an option’s price decreases the closer it gets to expiration.

Similar to the “car on a highway” analogy, it may be useful to think of an option as an ice cube sitting on a countertop. The ice cube melts away — or, the option’s time value diminishes — and the melting becomes more rapid over time.

Theta is typically expressed as a negative dollar amount, and represents how much value an option loses each day as it approaches expiration.

💡 Quick Tip: The best stock trading platform? That’s a personal preference, of course. Generally speaking, though, a great platform is one with an intuitive interface and powerful features to help make trades quickly and easily.

Vega

Finally, vega is a measure of an option’s sensitivity to implied volatility.

Markets are volatile, and securities (and their derivatives) are subject to that volatility. Vega attempts to measure how much an option’s price will change as it relates to the underlying security’s volatility.

Volatility refers to the turbulence a security’s value experiences. We don’t know what level of volatility a security or option will experience in the future, however, so there’s a certain amount baked into the mix — that’s implied volatility. It’s the expected future level of volatility.

Changes in stock volatility can change an option’s value. That’s what vega is measuring — not volatility itself, but the option’s sensitivity to volatility changes.

And like delta and gamma, vega is expressed as a number, rather than a dollar figure.

5 Main Options Greeks: Overview

In summary, here’s how an investor may use this data when analyzing the risk and reward of an options contract.

Other Options Terminology to Know

The specific options (a call versus a put, for example) and the underlying stock’s performance determines whether an investor comes out ahead on their bet. That brings us to a few other key options terms that are important to know:

In the Money

A call option is “in the money” when the strike price is below the market price. A put option is “in the money” when the strike price is above the market price.

Out of the Money

A call option is “out of the money” when the strike price is above the market price. A put option is “out of the money” when the strike price is below the market price.

At the Money

The option’s strike price is the same as the stock’s price.

The Takeaway

There’s no getting around it: Options, and the Greeks, can get complicated, and may not be the best investment strategy for beginners. But experienced traders, or those willing to spend time to learn how to understand options, find them a valuable tool in creating an investment strategy.

Investors who are ready to try their hand at options trading despite the risks involved, might consider checking out SoFi’s options trading platform offered through SoFi Securities, LLC. The platform’s user-friendly design allows investors to buy put and call options through the mobile app or web platform, and get important metrics like breakeven percentage, maximum profit/loss, and more with the click of a button.

Plus, SoFi offers educational resources — including a step-by-step in-app guide — to help you learn more about options trading. Trading options involves high-risk strategies, and should be undertaken by experienced investors. Currently, investors can not sell options on SoFi Active Invest®.

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