MoneyHH Archives | Page 19 of 25

Jun

2023

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What Is Net Worth and Why Should You Know Yours?

By Samuel Becker | Debt Payoff, Financial Independence, Growing Wealth, invest, Terminology | No Comments

A person’s net worth describes their total financial value, and is calculated by subtracting their liabilities from their assets. Though we generally discuss net worth in relation to very wealthy individuals, it can be important for people who aren’t billionaires to know their net worth as well.

A person’s net worth can be an important reference point in understanding one’s financial position. Net worth can be negative, especially early on in one’s careers. But net worth can help an individual figure out how much they need to save, how much spending they need to cut back on, or how much they’ve saved for retirement.

How to Calculate Net Worth

If you’re wondering how to calculate net worth, it’s actually a simple formula:

Assets – Liabilities = Net Worth

The hard part is usually determining a person’s assets and liabilities. And a person’s assets can go beyond what they have in their checking account. In fact, a person’s assets can include a whole host of things.

Assets

Assets basically boil down to how much money you have, as well as the value of things you own. In order to know one’s net worth, estimate the value of each asset below:

• Money in savings accounts

• Money in checking accounts

• Money in investing or retirement accounts. Brokerage accounts or 401(k)s are in this bucket.

• Physical cash

• Value from insurance policies

• Value from business ownership or stakes

• Value of cars

• Valuable personal goods, like jewelry or art

• Value of real estate, including home

Calculating the value of a home can be a task in itself. It’s important to research the value of the homes around you, the size of your home, any deferred maintenance on the home, additional benefits like parking spots, backyard space, room count, etc. There are a number of home value calculators online, too.

Recommended: Understanding Property Valuations

There are other ways to think about assets:

• Liquid Assets: Items like stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or ETFs that are easy to sell quickly and whose sale will not greatly affect their price.

• Fixed Assets: These are items that would take a longer time to convert to cash. These assets are often deposited for extended periods of time in exchange for high interest accrual and thus cannot be cashed before their agreed-upon time frame is up.

• Equity Assets: Equity assets include your shares in a company, either private or public.

Intangible Assets, such as brand recognition for a company or any other intellectual property like patents, trademarks or even goodwill, are trickier to factor into your net worth due to the complexity of measuring their value.

Liabilities

Liabilities are debts. The following categories are what most often make up liabilities:

• Auto loans

• Student loans

• Personal loans

• Business loans (personally guaranteed)

• Credit card balances

• Mortgages

While liabilities are on the negative side of the net worth equation, it doesn’t necessarily have to symbolize something negative about your finances. For example, student loans or mortgage loans are typically seen as necessary loans that individuals take on as they reach milestones in life, like going to college, graduate school or buying a home.

Meanwhile, knowing one’s total liabilities can help with figuring out a plan to start paying off debt that has higher interest rates, like from credit card balances.

💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

Median and Average Net Worth in US

An individual or household’s net worth isn’t set in stone, and it ebbs and flows all the time. For that reason, it can be difficult to nail down median or average net worth figures for both individuals and households in the U.S. You can find some numbers if you search for them, but they’re often several years old, and may not be accurate given the time lapse.

For instance, the Federal Reserve tracks median and average net worth data in the U.S., but generally, they do so using survey data that it publishes once every few years. So, while data from a few years ago may be fine, large-scale world events–such as a pandemic, natural disaster, recession, or similar–may have led to large changes in those numbers.

This is all something to keep in mind if you seek out average net worth numbers. It’s not that they’re inaccurate, it’s simply that the data may be hard to capture and synthesize in a reasonable amount of time.

Remember, too, that it’s important to keep abreast of your net worth because this number may fluctuate depending on factors such as stock values, interest rates, real estate trends, and other tides of the financial world. It’s important to have an idea of overall trends so you can generally understand your financial health and have an idea of your true wealth.

💡 Quick Tip: Distributing your money across a range of assets — also known as diversification — can be beneficial for long-term investors. When you put your eggs in many baskets, it may be beneficial if a single asset class goes down.

The Takeaway

True wealth can be an important factor in knowing when you might expect to retire. It’s a good idea to focus on your gains year over year, rather than the number you get at the end of the equation. If you’re concerned about your net worth or are hoping to increase it, especially for future retirement goals, then it might be helpful to consider investing.

There are a multitude of things that can have an effect on your net worth. And focusing strictly on your net worth probably shouldn’t be your focus. If you’re concerned about it, though, it may be worthwhile to talk to a financial professional.

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For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Jun

2023

How a Minsky Moment Happens, and How to Spot One

By Colin Dodds | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off

A Minsky moment is an economic term describing a period of optimism that ends with a market crash. It describes the point at which a market boom marked by speculative trading and increasing debt suddenly gives way to a freefall marked by plunging market sentiment, asset values, and economic activity.

It is named for American economist Hyman Minsky, who studied the characteristics of financial crises, and whose “financial instability hypothesis” offered reasons why financial markets were and would be inherently unstable. Minsky died in 1996, and the phrase “Minsky moment” was coined in 1998, when a portfolio manager used it in reference to the 1997 Asian debt crisis, which was widely blamed on currency speculators.

How Does a Minsky Moment Happen?

A Minsky Moment refers to something sudden, though the economist maintained that it doesn’t arise all at once. He identified three stages by which a market builds up to the convoluted speculation and complete instability that finally undoes even the longest bull markets.

1. The Hedge Phase: This often comes in the wake of a market collapse. In this phase, both banks and borrowers are cautious. Banks only lend to borrowers with income to cover the principal of the loan and interest payments; and borrowers are wary of taking on more debt than they’re highly confident they can repay entirely.

2. Speculative Borrowing Phase: As economic conditions improve, debts are repaid and confidence rises. Banks become willing to make loans to borrowers who can afford to pay the interest but not the principal, but the bank and the borrower don’t worry because most of these loans are for assets — stocks, real estate and so on — that are appreciating in value. The banks are also betting that interest rates won’t go up.

3. The Ponzi Phase: The third and final phase leading up to the Minsky Moment is named for the iconic fraudster Charles Ponzi. Ponzi invented a scheme that offers fake investments, and gathers new investors based on the returns earned by the original investors. It pays the first investors from new investments, and so on, until it collapses.

In Minsky’s theory, the Ponzi phase arrives when confident borrowers and lenders graduate to a new level of risk-taking and speculation: when lenders lend to borrowers without enough cash flow to cover the principal payments or the interest payments. They do so in the expectation that the underlying assets will continue rising, allowing the borrower to sell those assets at prices high enough for them to cover their debt.

The longer the growth swing in the market, the more debt investors take on. While those investments are still rising and generating returns, the borrowers can use that money to pay off the debt and the interest payments. But assets eventually go down in value, in any market, even just for a while.

At this point, the investors are relying on the growth of those assets to repay the loans they’ve taken out to buy them. Any interruption of that growth means they can’t repay the debt they’ve taken on. That’s when the lenders call in the loans. And the borrowers have to sell their assets — at any price — to repay the lenders. When there are thousands of investors doing this at the same time, the values of the underlying assets plummet. This is the Minsky moment.

In addition to plunging prices, a Minsky moment is usually accompanied by a steep drop in market-wide liquidity. That lack of liquidity can stop the daily functioning of the economy, and it’s the part of these crises that causes central banks to intervene as a lender of last resort.

The Minsky Moment and the 2008 Subprime Mortgage Crisis

The 2008 subprime mortgage crisis offered a very clear and relatable example of this kind of escalation, as many people borrowed money to buy homes they couldn’t afford. They did so believing that the property value would go up fast enough that they could flip the house to cover their borrowing costs, while earning a tidy profit.

Minsky theorized that a lengthy economic growth cycle tends to generate an outsized increase in market speculation. But that accelerating speculation is often funded by large amounts of debt on the part of both large and small investors. And that tends to increase market instability and the likelihood of sudden, catastrophic collapse.

Accordingly, the 2008 financial crisis was marked by a sudden drop and downward momentum fueled investors selling assets to cover short-term debts. Some of those included margin calls, which are when an investor is forced to sell securities to cover the collateral needed to borrow money from a brokerage.

How to Predict the Next Minsky Moment

While Hyman Minsky provided a framework of the three escalating phases that lead up to a market collapse, there’s no way to tell how long each phase will last. Using its framework can help investors understand where they are in a broader economic cycle, but people will disagree on how much debt is too much, or the point at which speculation threatens the stability of the markets.

Most recently, market-watchers keep an eye on the high rates of corporate debt in trying to detect a coming Minsky moment. And even the International Monetary Fund has sounded warning bells over high debt levels, alongside slowing growth around the planet.

But other authorities have warned of other Minsky moments over the years that haven’t necessarily happened. It calls to mind the old joke: “The stock market has forecast nine of the last five recessions.”

The Takeaway

A Minsky moment is named after an economist who described the way that markets overheat and collapse. And the concept can help investors understand where they are in a market cycle. It’s a somewhat high-level concept, but it can be useful to know what the term references.

There’s also a framework that may help investors predict, or at least keep an eye out for, the next Minsky moment. That said, nobody knows what the future holds, so that’s important to keep in mind.

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Jun

2023

How to Make a Budget in Excel

By Jacqueline DeMarco | Budgeting & Goals, Financial Independence, money | Comments Off

Many people want to get better about budgeting but don’t know where to begin. Some people will like using apps, others the envelope method, but others may find that a basic online spreadsheet is the best way to keep track of the money coming in and going out.

Here, you’ll learn how to easily do that last option using Microsoft’s Excel spreadsheet program. It has some impressive features that can make it user-friendly and efficient as you budget. It can help you manage your money and hit those financial goals.

Step 1: Opening a Workbook and Creating the First Month

To begin creating a budget, the user will open a fresh Workbook in Excel by hitting File > New > Blank Workbook. Before diving into building the perfect budget, they need to save this file somewhere safe. After completing the first draft, it may be worth it to back it up on a USB drive or on a cloud-based platform. After saving the file, they’ll move on to building out the budget.

One way to keep track of this monthly budget, and review past months’ spending and saving progress is to create a tab for each month of the year. For extra convenience, the budgeter could consider beginning by creating a “template” tab to build the initial budget in and then copy it over each month and edit it as needed.

💡 Quick Tip: If you’re saving for a short-term goal — whether it’s a vacation, a wedding, or the down payment on a house — consider opening a high-yield savings account. The higher APY that you’ll earn will help your money grow faster, but the funds stay liquid, so they are easy to access when you reach your goal.

Step 2: Adding Income

Before creating a spending budget, the user will start by looking at expected income for the month. Doing so makes it easier to formulate a budget that is realistic, making them more likely to stick to it. To begin building the proper formulas to help calculate income, the user will take the following steps:

Select cells A3-A11 (if more space is necessary later on, expand this selection past A11) and hit “Merge and Center.” Then write the word “income” and center it.

Merge the cells B3 and C3. Label these cells as “Source” which will show where the income is coming from. Some may have consistent income sources such as “Paycheck 1” and “Paycheck 2.” Others may have more sources they need to track “Side Hustle Income” or “Unexpected Income.” After choosing income sources and properly labeling them, merge every row from B and C through row 11 or whatever the chosen stopping point is.

While not necessary, one can label cell D3 “Date” which is where the budgeter can track which day they received a type of income. If they have predictable sources of income, this option may not be worthwhile, but for those with flexible incomes (say, seasonal workers who earn an hourly rate or entrepreneurs), it can help them stick to a budget and follow up on missing payments.

For the final step of the income section of the budget, which is more of a benefit to those with varying monthly income, label section E3 as “Planned” to identify what the originally planned income is. Then label F3 as “Earned” to identify how much money was in fact earned from each labeled source of income. For G3, label it “Difference.” This cell will automatically calculate the difference between the expected income and the income actually earned after adding the proper formula.

To create the formula needed to automatically track the difference between expected and earned income, add the formula “=SUM(F4-E4)” after every row it should apply to. Then replace the F4 and E4 with the cells that correspond to the “Earned” and “Planned” income sections.

💡 Quick Tip: When you overdraft your checking account, you’ll likely pay a non-sufficient fund fee of, say, $35. Look into linking a savings account to your checking account as a backup to avoid that, or shop around for a bank that doesn’t charge you for overdrafting.

Step 3: Adding Expenses

After wrapping up the income section of this project, the budgeter can start planning what their typical monthly expenses may look like. (Make sure to add those commonly forgotten expenses, too.) They can do this on the same tab that they calculated their income in or they can create a separate tab. How they organize their budget is totally their call!

They’ll use the same format for building out expenses as they did with their income (although if they choose to continue working in their original sheet, they’ll need to adjust the row letter and column number accordingly) and will name this section of the budget “Expenses.” Using the same labels from the income section is fine, as is creating new ones.

They’ll only have to make one major change to this process, which is to use a different formula for the “Difference” column. In order to best calculate expenses, they can use the following formula: “=SUM(Planned Number-Actual Number)” which will calculate how much they overspent.

When creating spending sources, instead of income sources, they can make as many or as few as they’d like. For example, someone may want to make one row that represents all utilities or they may want to designate a row for every single utility they pay. Another budgeter may want to budget for overarching categories such as living, automobile, entertainment, food, travel, and savings. It really depends how detailed someone wants to get about their budgeting.

For those drawn to a more detailed budget, they can create multiple sections for their expenses, they don’t have to be all lumped together. It’s fine to repeat this process again and again to create more detailed categories such as basic living expenses or business expenses.

Recommended: 15 Causes of Overspending

Step 4: Adding Some Goals

For those who want to expand their budgets past basic incomes and expenses, they can repeat the process used to create the income section of the budget and make some more specific savings goals.

One way would be to create a category that tracks how much they hope to save that month in general, another would be to break it down by savings category. Similar to expense sources, it’s possible to break goals down into separate sections, such as one that provides a more detailed look at saving for retirement or tracks a big expense they’re saving for, such as a down payment on a home or a wedding.

Using the same basic formulas for tracking expected income and how much income is actually earned in a month, the user can track what they hope to save and how much they actually do end up saving.

💡 Quick Tip: When you feel the urge to buy something that isn’t in your budget, try the 30-day rule. Make a note of the item in your calendar for 30 days into the future. When the date rolls around, there’s a good chance the “gotta have it” feeling will have subsided.

Step 5: Customizing a Premade Template

If someone’s not interested in learning how to create a budget in Excel from scratch, they can use a premade budgeting template provided by Excel or one of the many free or for-purchase options that are available online.

Even when using a premade template, it can be helpful to review the tips for creating an Excel budget from scratch shared above, as they may allow the budgeter to customize the template to their needs.

At the end of the day, creating a template from scratch will allow the user to truly customize it to their needs, especially if they follow a particular budgeting method. That being said, a template can save a lot of time, especially for those who aren’t comfortable using Excel.

Step 6: How to Track Spending and Stick to a Budget

For those who have been hard at work creating their Excel budgets, it’s time to take advantage of that budget. It seems unlikely that anyone wants their Excel efforts going to waste, so one might want to make a budgeting check-in plan that they can easily stick with.

At the end or beginning of every month, it is a good idea to sit down and review if one went over or under last month’s budget, as well as take some time to build out the new month’s budget. That may involve simply copying over the template created earlier or the user might need to make a few tweaks based on how much they earned and spent last month.

As tempting as it can be to set it and forget it, the budgeter should try to check in on their budget more than once a month. Setting a quick weekly check-in date with their budget will allow them to update how much they’ve earned and spent so far during the month. That way, they’ll know if they need to scale back on spending in a certain category or if they can relax in another category.

While it takes a decent amount of self discipline and motivation to stick to a budget, awareness can be the first step in staying on track. By checking in with their budget frequently, savvy planners will remember their short-term goals and longer-term ones and hopefully will be a little extra motivated to meet them.

The Takeaway

There are many effective budgeting tools, and using an Excel spreadsheet can be one of them. It can allow you to track your income and your spending and saving, while making updates in real time. This can help you manage your finances and contribute to meeting your financial goals.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Jun

2023

What is the Difference Between EBIT and EBITDA?

By Rebecca Lake | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off

EBIT and EBITDA are two common ways to calculate a company’s profits, and investors may come across both terms when reviewing a company’s financial statements. Though they appear similar, they can present two very different views of a company’s income and expenses.

If you’re an investor or you own a business, it’s important to understand the difference between EBIT and EBITDA and know why the distinction matters.

What Is EBIT?

EBIT is a way to measure a company’s operating income. So, what does EBIT stand for in finance? It’s an acronym that stands for “earnings before interest and taxes”.

Here’s a look at what each of those components means:

• Earnings: This is the net income of a company over a specified period of time, such as a quarter or fiscal year.

• Interest: This refers to interest payments made to any liabilities owed by the company, including loans or lines of credit.

• Taxes: This refers to any taxes a company must pay under federal and state laws.

The formula for calculating EBIT is simple.

EBIT = Net income + Interest + Taxes

The EBIT calculation assumes you know a company’s net income. To determine net income, you would use this formula:

Net income = Revenue – Cost of Goods Sold – Expenses

In this formula, revenue means the total amount of income generated by goods or services the company sells. Cost of goods sold refers to the cost of making or acquiring any goods the company sells, including labor or raw materials. Expenses include operating costs such as rent, utilities or payroll.

EBIT should not be confused with EBT, or earnings before tax. Earnings before tax is used to measure profits with taxes factored in, but not any interest payments the company owes. You may use this metric to evaluate companies that are subject to different taxation rules at the state level.

You can find EBIT listed on a company’s income or profit and loss statement alongside other important financial ratios, such as earnings per share (EPS).

Is Depreciation Included in EBIT?

The short answer is no, depreciation is not included in the context of the EBIT formula. But you will see depreciation factored in when calculating EBITDA.

What EBIT Tells Investors

Knowing the EBIT for a company can tell you how financially healthy that company is based on its business operations. Specifically, EBIT can tell you things like:

• How much operating income a company needs to stay in business

• What level of earnings a company generates

• How efficiently the company uses earnings when debt obligations aren’t factored in

EBIT can be useful in determining how well a company manages business operations before external factors like debt and taxes come into play. It can also help to create a framework for evaluating whether certain actions, such as a stock buyback, are a true sign that a company is struggling financially.

You can also use EBIT to determine interest coverage ratio. This ratio can tell you how easily a company is able to pay interest on outstanding debt obligations. To find the interest coverage ratio, you’d divide a company’s earnings before interest and taxes by any interest paid toward debt for the specific time period you’re measuring. As an investor, this ratio can give you insight into how well a company is able to keep up with its current debts and any debts it may take on down the line.

What Is EBITDA?

EBITDA is another acronym you may see on financial statements that stands for “earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization”. In terms of the first three terms, the breakdown is exactly the same as for EBIT. Plus there are two new additions:

• Depreciation: This term is used to refer to the decline in an asset’s value over time due to things like regular use, wear and tear or becoming obsolete.

• Amortization: This term also applies to a decline in value but instead of a tangible asset, it can be used for intangible assets. Amortization can also be referred to in the context of borrowing. For example, a business loan amortization schedule would show how the balance declines over time as payments are made.

So what is the EBITDA formula? It looks like this:

EBITDA = Net Income + Interest + Taxes + Depreciation + Amortization

Alternately, you can substitute this formula instead:

EBITDA = Operating Profit + Depreciation + Amortization

In this formula, operating profit is the same thing as EBIT. So to calculate EBITDA, you’d first need to calculate earnings before interest and taxes.

You should be able to find all the information you need to calculate EBITDA on a company’s income statement, though you may also need a cash flow statement for an accurate calculation.

EBIT vs EBITDA: Which is Better?

Compared to EBIT, EBITDA offers a clearer snapshot of a company’s net cash flow and how money is moving in or out of the business.

Calculating the earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization can offer a fuller picture of a company’s financial health in terms of how operational decision-making affects profitability. It can also be useful when calculating valuations for different companies and/or comparing a business to its competitors.

While EBIT and EBITDA can be a starting point for choosing where to put your money, it’s also helpful to consider other fundamental ratios such as earnings per share or price-to-earnings ratio. Active traders who are interested in benefiting from market momentum, may consider technical analysis indicators instead.

Drawbacks of EBIT vs EBITDA

While EBIT and EBITDA can be useful, there are some potential issues to be aware of. Chiefly, neither formula is considered part of Generally Accepted Account Principles (GAAP). This is a uniform set of standards that’s designed to encourage transparency and accuracy in accounting for corporations, governments and other entities.

In other words, EBIT and EBITDA don’t have any official seal of approval from an accounting authority. That means companies can manipulate the numbers in their favor, if they choose to.

Here’s why: The better a company looks on paper, the easier it may be to attract investors or qualify for financing. Companies that are struggling behind the scenes may use inflated numbers or leave out critical information when calculating EBIT or EBITDA to appear more financially stable than they are.

That could potentially lead to losses for investors who choose to put money into a company because they accepted EBIT or EBITDA calculations at face value. So it’s important to dig deeper when deciding where to invest, as these numbers may not provide a full picture of a company’s financial situation.

The Takeaway

EBIT, or earnings before interest and tax, and EBITDA, or earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization, are two ways to assess the financial health of a company. To recap, EBIT measures operating income, and EBITDA stands for “earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.”

But note that these figures can be manipulated by companies looking to present a rosy outlook to investors, so as always, it’s a good idea to research a company from a variety of different angles before investing in it.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

Photo credit: iStock/Vertigo3d

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May

2023

Factors to Consider When Choosing Pet Insurance

By Jody McMaster | Budgeting & Goals, money | Comments Off

Pet ownership comes with an array of costs, and medical care can be one of the big ones. Does that mean you should get health insurance for your pet? Is pet insurance worth the cost?

Insurance policies for pets are more worthwhile for some pet parents than others. A policy that covers general pet wellness and preventive care may not make economic sense, but a policy that covers accidents and illness may be a good move for pet owners who would have trouble covering a hefty vet bill should their pet suddenly be injured or become sick.

But plans vary significantly on what they cover — and what they cost. Here are some key facts to consider when shopping for a pet insurance plan.

Average Cost of Pet Healthcare and Emergencies

Between food, daily care, equipment, and toys, the cost of owning a pet can be high. The cost of veterinary care can also stack up pretty fast.

Pet healthcare costs vary widely, depending on the region and what kinds of care your pet may need. But dog owners spend an average of $362 per year on routine vet visits, while cat owners shell out an annual average of $321 on routine care, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association.

Heartworm tests can tack on another $35 to $75 annually, with monthly preventive medications costing from $6 to $18 apiece. This means an annual cost that can range between $107 and $291 for heartworm prevention, while flea and tick prevention can cost from $55 to $215 per year.

Even a healthy pet may need emergency care, ranging from a few hundred dollars to thousands. Wound treatment and repair, for example, can run as high as $2,500 for a dog. Emergency surgery for a large dog can cost up to $5,000.

In fact, emergency room bills for pets can run as high as $10,000 when adding in hospitalization costs.

Recommended: Dog-Friendly Vacation Ideas

What Is Pet Insurance?

Once a niche product, pet insurance policies have been steadily gaining in popularity. Indeed, many employers now offer pet plans as part of their benefit packages. But what exactly is pet insurance — and how does it work?

Like health insurance for people, pet insurance is intended to ease some of the costs of keeping your pet healthy. You can choose from different levels of coverage, with each plan costing a monthly or annual premium based on how much coverage you choose.

Some plans cover accidents and injuries, some only cover accidents, and others include wellness and preventive care. The more comprehensive the coverage, the higher you can expect the cost to be.

As with health insurance for people, pet policies include exclusions, various levels of coverage, copays, deductibles (a certain amount you must pay out of pocket before coverage kicks in), and payment limits.

Most pet insurance policies exclude preexisting conditions and hereditary or congenital conditions. Some carriers will not accept pets younger than 8 weeks or older than 12 years, and many policies have waiting periods before benefits for injury, illness, and orthopedic care begin.

Pet insurance typically uses a reimbursement model: You pay the full amount due when you take your pet in for care, then submit a claim to the insurance company.

What Pet Insurance Covers

Pet health insurance offers several types of coverage, each with its own list of coverage options and costs. The three most common types of coverage are:

• Accident and illness. This typically covers treatments and tests for accidents and illnesses.

• Accident-only. This coverage generally takes care of accidental injuries, such as poisoning or ingestion of a foreign object, being hit by a car, cuts, and other physical injuries. Accident-only coverage is often preferred by owners of older pets that have aged out of comprehensive coverage.

• Wellness plans. Wellness plans tend to cover preventive-care visits, such as checkups and routine vaccinations, and you can buy one as a stand-alone policy or as an add-on to an accident and illness policy.

Before deciding whether you want to buy a pet insurance policy, it’s a good idea to download sample policies from insurers. You can then review each policy for limitations, exceptions, and copayments. You can also reach out to a rep with questions.

What Pet Insurance Doesn’t Cover

Some pet insurance options have breed-specific exclusions, or it could cost extra to cover specific breeds.

As mentioned, just about every pet insurance policy excludes coverage of preexisting conditions.

Many plans also limit the amount you can claim, either annually or over your pet’s lifetime.

Wellness plans likely will not cover any treatments having to do with accidents, common injuries, or any other emergency treatments.

Accident-only plans will likely not cover any cost associated with illness, while accident and illness plans will likely not cover any preventive care or any care related to preexisting conditions.

An accident and illness plan with a wellness add-on provides the most comprehensive coverage. But again, it will likely not cover any care for a preexisting condition and could come with breed restrictions. That’s why it’s essential to read the fine print of every policy option before deciding which one is right for each pet.

How Much Pet Insurance Costs

The cost of pet coverage varies widely, but the average accident and illness premiums cost $640 a year for a dog and $387 for a cat, according to the North American Pet Health Insurance Association’s latest figures.

Accident-only premiums — covering things like ingestion of a foreign body, lacerations, motor vehicle accident, ligament tears, and poisoning — average $200 for a dog and $122 for a cat, the association reported.

In an Insurance.com survey of 800 pet owners who have pet insurance, 48% said the policies had saved them money. So, about half said the insurance was money-saving and half said it was not.

Costs can rise, depending on a number of factors:

• Your pet’s breed (purebreds may cost more to insure because they are more susceptible to some hereditary conditions)

• Age (plans tend to cost more as your pet ages)

• Region (the higher cost of vet care in some areas is factored into your premium)

• The coverage you choose

Keep in mind that once a pet reaches a few years old, most pet insurance providers will increase rates every year at renewal time.

Pros and Cons of Pet Insurance

Pet insurance can make pet treatments and services more affordable: As you make annual or monthly premiums, the insurance company bears the brunt of covered expenses.

Pet insurance also may help protect the emergency funds in a checking and savings account or savings account. If your pet is young or healthy, or you choose a lower tier, you can get accident and illness coverage for a fairly low cost.

But it’s important to read the details. Many plans limit the amount you can claim, either annually or over your pet’s lifetime. If your pet suffers a major medical problem, you could quickly max out your plan’s limit and find yourself paying the difference.

Depending on the cost of the premium, wellness-only plans and wellness add-ons may not be worth the price, since they can end up costing about the same as, or more than, paying out of pocket for routine care.

If pet insurance may be a possibility for your household, here are issues to consider before making a decision.

Research Which Pets Are Covered — and for What

Plans have different enrollment requirements. Typically, though, once a pet is enrolled in a plan, lifetime coverage is available — at least for as long as premiums are kept up. It’s a good idea to check to see if a plan requires a vet visit before enrollment.

Once plans have been identified that would likely accept your pet’s enrollment, find out what each of the policies covers. For plans that go beyond accident coverage, find out specifically what the benefits include. Will the policy, for example, cover ongoing treatment for a condition, or would a policyholder need to pay an add-on fee for continual care?

Investigate the Reliability of Pet Insurance Plans

Once a list of providers has been narrowed down to ones that would accept your pets, it’s a good idea to check the companies’ track records.

This includes the length of time they’ve been in business and how many policies they have in effect.

You may want to see which ones are rated by the Better Business Bureau and what those ratings are, and read online reviews. Who develops their policies? Are there veterinarians involved?

Compare Deductibles and Payout Limits

Pet policies come with deductibles. Sometimes it’s an annual deductible. Other times, it can be applied per illness or injury.

If that’s the case, then once a deductible is met for that condition, maximum reimbursements may be paid out for that particular injury or illness. If, though, a pet develops multiple conditions, a deductible would need to be met for each one individually.

If the deductible is applied per incident, monthly premiums may be lower. A low annual deductible may sound appealing but will have a higher premium than plans with a higher deductible.

Alternatives to Pet Insurance

Again, like humans, unexpected expenses can come up from time to time with a pet.

Another way a pet owner can pay for both expected and unexpected vet bills is to have an emergency fund earmarked for your pet. Stashing a little bit of cash each month into a pet care fund can slowly add up.

Whether you do or don’t spring for pet insurance, you may be able to avoid emergency care by monitoring your pet’s diet and exercise and staying up to date on vaccines and heartworm prevention treatments.

Even knowing the most common ailment associated with your pet can help keep a minor problem from turning into something major.

Finally, you may want to shop around for the lowest price on the veterinary services you need.

The Takeaway

Is pet insurance worth the cost? Pet insurance that covers accidents and illness may be a reasonable hedge against a huge vet bill. The payoff for wellness coverage is less clear. If you do decide to take out pet insurance, be aware of all of the policy’s limits and exclusions.

Life is full of unexpected events. Insurance is meant to ease the burden of paying the full cost of an accident, illness, or loss.

While SoFi can’t cover your pet, we can insure just about everything else. We’ve teamed up with some of the industry’s best insurance companies to bring you fast and reliable insurance coverage.

Learn more about reliable insurance options with SoFi Protect.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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