MoneyHL Archives | Page 51 of 76

Sep

2023

Is a Rewards Checking Account Right for Me?

By Timothy Moore | Budgeting & Goals, Financial Independence, money | Comments Off

Checking accounts provide a useful foundation for many people’s daily financial lives, and some offer additional perks beyond the basics. Called rewards checking accounts, these financial vehicles can benefit customers in a variety of ways. Your money might earn interest, cashback, points, airline miles, or other bonuses (or even a combination of these).

For some, this kind of incentive is a good reason to stash their money at a particular financial institution versus another. However, some rewards checking accounts can involve fees and/or minimum balance requirements which may make them less enticing.

To help decide if a rewards checking account is right for you, read on for such information as:

• What are rewards checking accounts?

• How does a rewards checking account work?

• How do you qualify for a rewards checking account?

• What are reward checking accounts’ pros and cons?

🛈 Currently, SoFi does not provide a rewards checking account.

What Is a Rewards Checking Account?

Simply put, a rewards checking account is one that rewards a person for opening and using the account. Those bonuses can take a variety of forms. Consider this:

• A standard, no-frills checking account may have no monthly fees, minimum balance requirements, or minimum opening deposits. However, the perks are generally equally basic: a nonexistent or nominal annual percentage yield (APY), if any no ATM surcharge reimbursements, and often no signup bonus.

• This kind of standard checking account can be attractive for some, but those seeking to earn money for their banking loyalty might prefer a rewards checking account instead.

• Though the specific perks vary by account, you can typically find a checking rewards account that offers a higher interest rate or cash back. You might also be offered airline miles, a signup bonus, free identity theft protection, cell phone insurance, and reimbursement for ATM fees.

How Does a Rewards Checking Account Work?

Some checking accounts with rewards have criteria for earning perks each month. For instance, a bank may require you to:

• Use your debit card for a minimum number of transactions each month

• Maintain an average minimum account balance

• Receive a set number of direct deposits equal to a specified value

• Enroll in services like e-statements or online bill pay

If the reward is a higher APY, you will likely earn that in the form of monthly interest on your bank’s payment schedule, deposited directly into the account. If the checking reward is cash back, the bank may offer multiple ways to redeem the cash within the mobile app. Similar to cashback credit cards, you can often convert points into airline miles or other perks — or just receive cash in your account.

Perks of a Rewards Checking Account

The perks of a rewards checking account will vary by bank but might include:

Cash Back

Cash back is usually expressed as a percentage of the transactions made with a debit card; this might also be structured as points or even airline miles.

Interest

A rewards account may be an interest-bearing checking account. If so, it will offer an APY that is higher than the zero or the very low rate usually offered by most checking accounts.

Signup Bonus

A rewards checking account may pay a one-time bonus for signing up for a new checking account and meeting specific criteria.

ATM Fee Reimbursement

A rewards account may offer refunds for expenses incurred for using out-of-network ATMs.

Other Perks

Among the other rewards you may see offered are ways to earn airline miles, shopping discounts, cell phone insurance, and identity theft protection, among other options.

Some rewards checking accounts may offer a combination of these perks.

Who Should Use a Rewards Checking Account?

A rewards checking account can be a good option if you regularly use your debit card for purchases and keep a substantial amount of money in your checking account. If you do not have a rewards credit card, a rewards checking account can serve as an alternative way to earn money for spending money.

As mentioned, some banks have special requirements for members to earn rewards. Read terms and conditions carefully. If you cannot meet account requirements for the reward, the account might not be right for you, especially if there are monthly maintenance fees.

How to Qualify for a Rewards Checking Account

Qualifying for a rewards checking account may vary depending on the bank, but, as mentioned above, there tend to be common core requirements for earning rewards, such as:

• A minimum number of debit card transactions in a month

• An average daily minimum account balance

• A minimum number (or value) of monthly direct deposits

If an account comes with a signup bonus, the bank likely has a set of requirements you’ll need to meet to snag that cash. This may include enrolling in direct deposit to get you started.

When considering a rewards checking account, it’s wise to read the fine print before opening to ensure you fully understand the requirements. Opening a checking account is typically a simple process, but you do want to make sure you understand the details before you sign up.

Pros of Rewards Checking Accounts

Here are some of the benefits of a rewards checking account, though perks will vary by program:

• Earning potential: Whether through a higher-than-average APY or through cash back on debit card purchases, the main draw of a rewards checking account is often earning money (or more money) for doing the banking you would do anyway.

• Tax implications: In general, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) sees cash back as a rebate for or discount on something you purchased, so you won’t have to pay taxes on that money. Not a bad deal at all! However, if the reward for the account is a high interest rate or a signup bonus, you should expect to receive an IRS Form 1099 from your bank for that income.

• Fees: Some rewards checking accounts charge monthly fees (some of which might be waivable), but other rewards checking accounts are noteworthy for being fee-free.

Cons of Rewards Checking Accounts

Depending on the individual and their financial style and goals, there may be some downsides to a rewards checking account:

• Limits on rewards: Some bank programs cap the rewards at a set amount each month, meaning there could be a limit to the amount of cash back you can earn.

• Better rewards elsewhere: Rewards credit cards may offer more cash back than a rewards checking account. However, these cards often have credit score requirements that make it more difficult to qualify. You probably need a credit score in the good to excellent range, meaning 670 or above.

• Minimum balance requirements: Some banks have minimum balance requirements to earn the reward. If you cannot meet the requirement or do not wish to keep that much money in a checking account, the account might not be the right fit.

• Fees: While some rewards checking accounts have no fees, others do charge monthly maintenance fees that can make the rewards less attractive or possibly even negate them.

Cashback Checking Accounts vs Credit Cards

You may be wondering whether a cashback checking account or credit card is the better fit for you. See how they stack up here:

Cashback Checking Account	Cashback Credit Cards
Provides a secure hub for daily finances	Provides a line of credit for purchases
May charge fees	Charges interest
Earn cashback typically through debit card use	Earn cashback typically through spending with credit card

Is a Rewards Checking Account Worth It?

A rewards checking account with cash back can be a good fit if the conditions to earn the perks are no problem for you.

• You might already be in the habit of swiping your debit card for everyday purchases or this prospect doesn’t faze you. If so, then a rewards checking account with cash back might be worth it. It can be easy to manage a checking account like this and make your money work harder for you.

• If you like to keep a large sum of funds in your checking account to cover automatic bill payments, you might enjoy the earning potential provided by a high-interest checking account even if it has a higher-than-usual balance requirement.

Is a Rewards Checking Account Right for You?

Each person has a unique financial situation and goals. Here are some considerations that may help you decide if a rewards checking account is right for you:

• If you want to earn interest (or more interest) on cash you have sitting in your checking account, a rewards account might be a good choice for you.

• If there are perks that you could reap for behaviors you engage in (swiping your debit card, receiving direct deposit) or don’t mind adopting, this kind of account could work well for you.

• Not a person who has a rewards credit card? A rewards checking account could give you some of the same perks.

FAQ

What are rewards in banking?

Rewards in banking refer to incentives and perks that account holders receive. They might be a signup bonus for a new account, a higher-than-average interest rate, or checking account cash back in the form of points, miles, or actual cash that can be deposited into your account or, for a credit card, applied toward your statement.

Why do banks offer points or rewards?

Banks offer points or rewards to entice consumers to choose their accounts or cards over competitors. Once you become a member, rewards ensure you continue to engage with the bank’s product, either by depositing more funds into your account or using your debit or credit card for more daily purchases.

Are bank rewards interest?

Bank rewards can come in the form of higher interest. For example, the current national average interest rate for a checking account is 0.43%, while rewards checking accounts may offer a higher than average interest rate, often 1.00% to 3.00% or higher. The interest that you earn is taxable, while cash back typically is not (it’s considered a rebate).

Can you earn points on a checking account?

Some checking accounts do allow you to receive points as a reward. For instance, you might receive one point for every dollar or two you spend with your debit card.

Are bank rewards worth it?

Whether or not bank rewards are worth it depends on your financial situation and preferences. Do you meet the criteria for a rewards checking account (such as swiping your debit card often enough or receiving a certain dollar amount of direct deposits)? Can you handle any requirements such as monthly minimum balance or account fees, if assessed? If so, earning interest or receiving other perks could be a smart, money-wise move.

Photo credit: iStock/Feodora Chiosea

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Sep

2023

Guide To TFSAs

By Kenny Zhu | Budgeting & Goals, Financial Independence, money | Comments Off

If you’re a Canadian age 18 or older, you may want to open a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA). Funds deposited in this kind of tax-advantaged account are not assessed any taxes on any interest earnings, capital gains, or dividends earned on contributions.

TFSAs can be opened at almost any major financial institution across Canada for those age 18 or older with a valid Social Insurance number, or SIN. They can be held in cash, mutual funds, government bonds, guaranteed investment accounts, and sometimes even publicly traded stocks.

In this guide, you’ll learn more about TFSAs, including:

• What is a Tax-Free Savings Account?

• How does a TFSA work?

• How do you withdraw funds from a TFSA?

• What are the pros and cons of TFSAs?

• What are U.S. alternatives to TFSAs?

🛈 Currently, SoFi does not offer Tax-Free Savings Accounts.

What Is a Tax-Free Savings Account?

TFSAs, or Tax-Free Savings Accounts, can be excellent tax-sheltered accounts that allow contributed funds to grow-tax free. That means no taxes on interest earnings, dividends, or capital gains. What’s more, funds can be withdrawn at any time without penalty for account holders. This is a key difference between TFSAs and retirement savings plans, which are designed to be held till a certain age.

If you compare a TFSA vs. RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan), you’ll see that a TFSA allows you to withdraw your contributions and any subsequent earnings over time, tax-free. With an RRSP, a certain percentage of any withdrawals taken out prior to retirement may be withheld.

To look at this from a different angle, any funds contributed into a TFSA can be withdrawn on demand and are not subject to taxation or penalty, as long as all contributions remain beneath your overall TFSA contribution limit. This can make them a smart tax shelter for both short-term and long-term financing needs.

How Do TFSA Contributions Work?

Here’s the scoop on how TFSAs work:

• Tax-Free Savings Accounts allow you to contribute a finite amount, set annually by the Canada Revenue Authority (CRA). As mentioned above, your funds within the TFSA can earn interest, earn dividends and even capital gains without being taxed. The 2023 contribution limit for TFSAs is $6,500. This makes them excellent financial vehicles when it comes to the important goal of saving for the future.

• TFSA limits accumulate and carry over every year. This means that your contribution limits (commonly referred to as your “contribution room”) will stack up annually. This holds true whether or not you’ve completed a Canadian income tax return or even have an existing account at the time. In other words, if this year’s contribution limit is $6,000 and you only contribute $4,000, next year you can save an extra $2,000 over the limit to catch up. So if the limit for the following year was $6,000, your contribution room will be $8,000 (adding the $6,000 and the additional $2,000).

• In fact, you’re allowed to make retroactive contributions for all of the cumulative annual contribution limits dating back to 2009, or when you first turned 18, whichever was more recent.

• Make sure you keep track of your overall contributions, as accidentally overcontributing to the account can result in tax penalties. According to the CRA, overcontributions are subject to a 1% penalty tax on the overcontribution amount each month until it’s withdrawn from the account.

Contributing to a TFSA

To contribute to a TFSA, you’ll want to first figure out what your current annual contribution limit is and then calculate how much additional contribution room you have from years past where you didn’t hit the limit. By the way, there’s no earned income requirement for contributing to a TFSA.

To help you calculate your total TFSA contribution limit, check this table below that outlines all of the annual contribution limits since the program was established in 2009. You’ll also find a cumulative contribution limit to help you back-date your permitted total contribution amount.

Year	Annual Limit	Total Accumulated Limit
2009	$5,000	$5,000
2010	$5,000	$10,000
2011	$5,000	$15,000
2012	$5,000	$20,000
2013	$5,500	$25,500
2014	$5,500	$31,000
2015	$10,000	$41,000
2016	$5,500	$46,500
2017	$5,500	$52,000
2018	$5,500	$57,500
2019	$6,000	$63,500
2020	$6,000	$69,500
2021	$6,000	$75,500
2022	$6,000	$81,500
2023	$6,500	$88,000

If you turned 18 in 2009 or prior and have just begun making contributions this year, your total permitted lifetime contribution limit is $88,000. If you turned 18 after 2009, your contribution room (or limit) will be the sum of the cumulative amounts for all years starting from when you first turned 18.

How to Withdraw Money From a TFSA

When thinking about different types of savings accounts, you may wonder how a TFSA stacks up in terms of how you can withdraw funds. One important point: You can withdraw both contributions and earnings from your TFSA at any time, without fear of tax penalty.

Withdrawals from a TFSA are only logged when you transfer or take savings out of your account. So if you convert your investments into cash and the money remains in your account, this won’t be counted as a withdrawal.

You can withdraw any amount up to the entire balance of your TFSA account (though obviously, you’d like to avoid overdrafting a savings account). One of the best aspects of TFSA withdrawals is that the amount of any withdrawn contributions is automatically added back to your total TFSA contribution room for the following tax year.

However, if you reach your contribution limit in a given year, you won’t be able to make any additional contributions during that year, even if you decide to withdraw funds from the account. Contribution rooms are only recalculated after the beginning of the following year.

Withdrawals can typically be done easily online; check with your account holder for details.

Pros and Cons of a TFSA

Curious about the pluses and minuses of TFSAs? You’re in the right place.

Pros of a TFSA

Here are the main advantages of a TFSA:

• Tax-exempt interest and investment earnings: TFSAs are excellent places to park excess savings to earn a higher rate of return without having to worry about taxes on interest and capital gains. These tax advantages can be a bonus vs. how savings accounts typically work.

• Withdrawal and use flexibility: Unlike RRSPs which may incur a penalty when withdrawn prior to retirement, TFSAs have no restriction on the use of the underlying funds.

• Contribution limits rise annually and do not expire: This means that you won’t miss out on any opportunities to add to your TFSA, even if you don’t have any income to add to your account in the current year.

• Wide range of permitted investments: Unlike what the name suggests, funds deposited in a TFSA can be invested in stocks, bonds, mutual funds and other investments as permitted by the issuing institution.(Remember, though, that these investments may not be insured.)

• Some insurance coverage: Deposits held in cash or GICs are insured by CDIC (Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation) to a maximum of $100,000, which is separate from other holdings by the same customer at the same member institution.

Cons of a TFSA

Yes, there are some downsides to be aware of with TFSAs. Consider these three points:

• Non-deductible contributions: All contributions to TFSAs are made on an after-tax basis. As a result, TFSA contributions can’t be used to reduce your taxable income.

• Day-trading is not permitted: The CRA discourages day-trading in your TFSA account. Depending on the frequency and type of trading activities within your account, it may declare your investment returns to be taxable business income if you’ve failed to follow the rules.

• Not bankruptcy-remote: Unlike RRSPs which are protected from creditors, TFSAs are subject to the whims of any creditors that may seek to pull your assets back in court. This means that the funds in TFSA are fair game in bankruptcies.

• Not always insured: If your TFSA funds are held in the market, they will not be insured by CDIC.

Opening a TFSA in 5 Steps

You can open a TFSA at most major financial institutions in Canada. They’re available at banks, credit unions, and even insurance companies. Some offerings may differ slightly in terms of their permitted investments, so it pays to shop around for the one that best suits your financial goals. Here are the five typical steps to opening a TFSA:

1. Shop Around

Research a financial institution that offers TFSAs; make sure it fits your needs and investing style. The following are the types of TFSA accounts available:

a. Deposit

b. Annuity

c. Trust arrangement

d. Self-directed TFSA.

2. Apply for a TFSA

Once you’ve decided on the right TFSA, contact your chosen institution directly and apply for an account. You may choose to do this in person or online. In some cases, the choice will be yours; in others, the financial institution will dictate how to do so.

3. Gather Documentation

As part of the application process, the institution (issuer) will ask for some personal information. Make sure to have the following items available:

a. Birthdate

b. Social Insurance number (SIN)

c. Government-issued ID

4. Register Your Account

After you’ve provided all the necessary documentation and are approved, your issuer will register the account as a qualifying arrangement with the CRA.

5. Move Funds Into Your Account

You can then set up funds transfers or direct deposits into your TFSA account whenever you’re ready.

Congratulations, you now have a newly formed TFSA!

Keep in mind that while there’s no restrictions on the number of Tax-Free Savings Accounts you can have, your total contribution limit will be shared across all your accounts. Additional TFSAs will not increase your total contribution room.

All contributions will be reported to the CRA by your issuing institution, so remember to keep track of your contributions to avoid running afoul of the tax rules.

Alternatives to TFSAs Available in the US

If you are a U.S. citizen and are looking for an account that is similar to a TFSA, consider these options:

Roth IRA

A Roth IRA is similar to a TFSA in that it is a vehicle designed to help you save for retirement. The contributions grow tax-free; in addition, withdrawals are not taxed. However, contributions are made with after-tax dollars.

Roth 401(k)

If you are employed full-time, your company might offer a Roth 401(k). This is a savings fund that uses after-tax dollars. When you withdraw from the account when you retire, the money is tax-free.

The Takeaway

Anyone who can afford to should consider taking advantage of a Tax-Free Savings Account. TFSAs are versatile tax-advantaged accounts that can be used for both short-term and long-term savings needs. They provide an excellent tax-shelter for your investment earnings that can accumulate over time and be applied to a variety of needs. For those looking for a great savings vehicle, this could be it.

FAQ

Can you lose money in a Tax-Free Savings Account?

Yes, depending on the underlying investments, there’s a possibility that you may lose the principal on your investment. When the principal is invested in securities like stocks, bonds and mutual funds, it is not covered by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC). However, any uninvested cash in your TFSA is insured for up to $100,000 under the CDIC.

How do tax-free savings work?

Interest, capital gains, and dividends earned in a Tax-Free Savings Account aren’t taxed as long as you adhere to guidelines set by the CRA. As long as you remain beneath the contribution limits and don’t run afoul of any TFSA rules, earnings from your TFSA account won’t be treated as income.

Keep in mind, some exceptions, like dividends earned from U.S.-based equities may still be considered taxable income. You’ll want to thoroughly review and understand the investment guidelines set by the CRA when planning your portfolio.

Is a Tax-Free Savings Account worth it?

Depending on your particular situation and goals, it can indeed be worth it. Your interest, dividends, and your capital gains will grow tax-exempt, and you won’t pay taxes on any withdrawals.

What does TFSA stand for?

The letters TFSA stand for tax-free savings account, which is used to refer to a savings vehicle available in Canada.

Are TFSAs available in the US?

TFSAs are not available in the U.S., only in Canada. However, there are other savings vehicles in the U.S. that may provide similar benefits.

Photo credit: iStock/Vladimir Sukhachev

Sep

2023

What Are IPO Proceeds?

By Laurel Tincher | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Initial public offerings (IPO) are a common tool for companies to raise capital, and the funds raised in an IPO are known as IPO proceeds.

When investors purchase IPO stocks, the company gets to keep the proceeds, after paying underwriters, the exchange, and others that helped with the IPO process.

By opening up to public investment, a previously private company can bring in significant funds that can be used for various activities, rather than turning to debt as a means of expansion.

Companies can use the capital brought in through an IPO in a variety of ways, but they must disclose their plans to investors.

Key Points

• Initial public offerings (IPOs) are a common tool for companies to raise capital, with proceeds known as IPO proceeds.

• Companies must disclose their plans to investors for how they will use the proceeds.

• Common uses for IPO proceeds include paying off debt; funding additional research and development; and general corporate purposes.

• Companies must file an S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to disclose how they intend to use the proceeds.

• While companies get to keep most of their IPO proceeds, a portion also goes to investment banks, accountants, lawyers, and others who helped them with the IPO process.

IPO Proceeds Defined

When a company holds an initial public offering (IPO) they must publish their plans for how they will use the proceeds. This helps investors understand how the company will use their money, and decide whether they agree with the company’s plans before they invest.

This is important because even though the IPO process is highly regulated, it’s also highly risky. Some companies that issue their stock for the first time can see the stock price soar; others can see it plunge. It’s also possible for the IPO to have an IPO pop, or price spike, before dropping. This kind of volatility is common to IPOs, which is why investors must proceed with caution.

Companies preparing for an IPO file an S-1, a several-hundred-page document, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which includes a disclosure about the planned use of IPO proceeds.

They must also show investors a business plan. Potential investors can evaluate the business plan and see if they think they will receive a satisfactory return on their investment if they buy stock in that IPO.

While companies get to keep most of their IPO proceeds, a portion also goes to all investment banks, accountants, lawyers, and others who helped them with the IPO process, including valuing the company and setting an IPO cutoff price. According to PWC, underwriting fees alone eat up 3.5% to 7% of IPO proceeds.

💡 Quick Tip: Keen to invest in an initial public offering, or IPO? Be sure to check with your brokerage about what’s required. Typically IPO stock is available only to eligible investors.

What Are IPO Proceeds Used For?

There are a few areas where companies tend to spend IPO proceeds. Generally companies mention multiple uses in their S-1 filings, and it may also be something that they discuss with investors during their IPO roadshow. These might include:

General Corporate Purposes

General corporate purposes is a very common area companies talk about in their use of proceeds statements. It is a broad category that covers a lot of uses such as capital expenditures, operating expenses, and working capital, and getting more money for this is a major reason that many companies go public. Companies can use this term to describe broad activities without going into detail about their plans.

This allows them to keep their plans private and also lets them keep their options open and decide exactly how to spend money at a later date. Some companies do go into greater detail about the meaning of their general corporate purposes statement.

Research & Development

Companies might also use proceeds from an IPO to fund research and development. They spend funds developing new products and services, which can take years and significant amounts of money. Since R&D is so expensive, it is a major reason companies choose to hold IPOs.

Without R&D, some companies might struggle to keep up with competition and stay relevant in their industry. Some companies go into detail about the types of R&D projects they plan to work on using IPO proceeds, while others keep their plans vague.

Company Growth

Companies often choose to hold an IPO to raise funds for company growth. Company growth plans often appear in their business plan, and can include capital expenditures, working capital, sales and marketing plans to help a company grow its reach and revenue.

Companies want to create long-term, sustainable growth so that a company can stay in business for a long time. Like other uses of IPO proceeds, companies may go into detail about their plans for company growth expenditures or they may keep their plans vague.

💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

Acquisitions

Companies can use IPO proceeds to merge with or acquire other businesses, something that can be very expensive. Without holding an IPO a company might not have the funds required to complete an acquisition. Acquisitions and mergers can help a company grow their customer base, eliminate competition, and expand their product and service offerings.

When a company includes an acquisition in its S-1 filing, they must state which company they intend to acquire. If they don’t yet have a company in mind to acquire, they can just list acquisitions as one possible use of IPO proceeds. A company does not have to state the exact company they are interested in acquiring if it will harm the potential of the acquisition plan.

Some companies take a unique path to acquisitions using IPO proceeds, known as a “blank check” IPO or special purpose acquisition company (SPAC). Companies create a shell company that they take public with an IPO and then use the IPO proceeds to complete an acquisition.

Debt Repayment

Another common use of IPO proceeds is to pay off debt. By paying off any existing debts, companies no longer have interest payments, so they reduce their operating costs, and they can also gain access to more funds from loans. Although it can be beneficial to a company to pay off their debts, this use of IPO proceeds is not popular with investors.

Other uses of IPO Proceeds

In addition to the uses described above, there are many other ways companies can use IPO proceeds, including paying taxes and charitable actions.

SEC Requirements on IPO Proceeds

The SEC requires companies file a “use of proceeds” section in their S-1 IPO submission. The S-1 explains to investors the goals of the IPO and what the company plans to do following the IPO, including how they will use proceeds. Requirements for what must be included in the S-1 are fairly broad, so companies can choose how much to share with potential investors, and they have a lot of choice about how they can use IPO proceeds.

There are several specific requirements for what must be included in the S-1, a document scrutinized by investors as part of their IPO due diligence. The “use of proceeds” section must include a brief outline of how proceeds from an IPO will be used. The requirements for what the brief outline includes are broad, giving companies a lot of freedom in what they want to disclose. Companies are allowed to use broad statements about planned use of funds, such as listing the categories described above.

Later sections in the S-1 submission require companies to go into greater detail about spending plans if they plan to use funds for certain activities. Just because a company states they plan to use funds in a certain way doesn’t legally bind them to actually use the funds in that way. However, companies need to inform investors that plans may change later if that is the case.

The Takeaway

With many companies going public per year, knowing how a company is going to use its IPO proceeds — the funds earned from the public offering itself — is important if you’re thinking about investing in that company’s IPO. You can find that and other useful information about a planned IPO in a company’s S-1.

Common uses for IPO proceeds include paying off debt; funding additional research and development; general corporate purposes, and more.

Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it's wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

Who gets the proceeds from an IPO?

When a company holds an IPO, they receive money from banks and institutional investors who have agreed to invest prior to the start of the IPO. The company receives proceeds from the initial sale of stock. Any money exchanged after the IPO from the sale of stock doesn’t go directly to the company.

What are secondary IPO proceeds?

Primary proceeds are those made from the initial sale of stock in an IPO. Secondary IPO proceeds are those made in the stock market following the IPO.

How does an IPO raise money?

An IPO raises money by offering shares of stock in a company to institutional and retail investors. When investors purchase those stocks, the company gets to keep the proceeds, after paying underwriters, the exchange, and others that helped with the IPO process.

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SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Investing in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves substantial risk, including the risk of loss. Further, there are a variety of risk factors to consider when investing in an IPO, including but not limited to, unproven management, significant debt, and lack of operating history. For a comprehensive discussion of these risks please refer to SoFi Securities’ IPO Risk Disclosure Statement. IPOs offered through SoFi Securities are not a recommendation and investors should carefully read the offering prospectus to determine whether an offering is consistent with their investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation.

New offerings generally have high demand and there are a limited number of shares available for distribution to participants. Many customers may not be allocated shares and share allocations may be significantly smaller than the shares requested in the customer’s initial offer (Indication of Interest). For SoFi’s allocation procedures please refer to IPO Allocation Procedures.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Sep

2023

What Is IPO Due Diligence?

By Rebecca Lake | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

As part of the IPO process, private companies must perform due diligence to ensure that they’ve met all the requirements for being listed on a public exchange. This ensures that the company follows all registration and disclosure guidelines established by the Securities Act of 1933.

Broadly speaking, IPO due diligence is similar to the due diligence performed in any other situation involving large amounts of capital. Just as an investor may research certain aspects of a company before deciding to purchase shares, a company that’s planning an IPO must have an understanding of the various factors that could positively or negatively affect its success.

If you’re interested in investing in IPOs, it’s helpful to know what goes on behind the scenes and how the IPO due diligence process works, given that IPO stocks are considered high-risk securities.

Recommended: How to Buy IPO Stocks

Key Points

• IPO due diligence is a process of researching a private company to make sure it meets the requirements for being listed on a public exchange.

• The due diligence process involves gathering information about the company’s organizational structure, licensing and taxes, board and employee information, financial information, customer/service information, and company property.

• Benefits of IPO due diligence include an opportunity to explore the viability of an IPO for the company and more information for investors on the company and its risks.

• Steps to filing an IPO include SEC review, IPO roadshow, pricing, launch, stabilization, and transition to market.

• Due diligence can help give investors confidence that the company complies with all relevant SEC regulations.

IPO Due Diligence Process

IPO due diligence typically takes place within the first 60 days of a company beginning the IPO process. During the IPO due diligence process, the IPO underwriters and IPO attorneys will work together to perform the necessary background research to gain a better understanding of the company, its management and its financials. This involves gathering the follow information:

1. Organizational Data

During the first stage of the IPO due diligence process, the underwriters and attorneys gather information about the company’s organizational structure. This may include requesting copies of any or all of the following:

• Articles of incorporation

• A list of the company’s shareholders and committees

• An overview of the number of shares owned per individual shareholder

• Annual business reports for the previous three years

• Company business plans or strategic plans

• A breakdown of the company’s organizational structure, including board members, directors, and employees

The underwriting team may also request a copy of a certificate in good standing from the State Secretary, along with information on organizational decision-making.

💡 Quick Tip: Access to IPO shares before they trade on public exchanges has usually been available only to large institutional investors. That’s changing now, and some brokerages offer pre-listing IPO investing to qualified investors.

2. Licensing and Taxation

The next step in IPO due diligence involves collecting information about the company’s licensing and taxes. At this stage, the IPO underwriter and/or attorneys may request copies of:

• All business licenses currently issued to the company

• Annual tax returns

• Government licenses and permits held by the company

• Employment tax filings

• Comprehensive reports of the company’s tax filing data

The underwriting team may look back three years or more when analyzing income tax returns and tax filing information.

Recommended: The IPO Process

3. Board and Employee Information

Due diligence can also extend to information about the company’s board of directors, its managers, and its employees. At this phase of IPO due diligence, underwriters and attorney may request:

• A list of all individuals it employees

• Information about employee status, including each employee’s position and salary

• Details regarding employee benefits and bonuses, according to position

• A copy of company policies relating to sick leave or conflict resolution

• Details about employee insurance benefits, including health, disability and life insurance

• Copies of resumes for leading personnel

• Copies of employee audits

With regard to employee audits, underwriters can look back two to three years.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

4. Financial Information

A company’s finances can come under close scrutiny during the IPO due diligence process. When considering financial information, the IPO underwriting and legal team may review:

• Copies of broker or investment banking arrangements

• Company financial statements records, including previous financial audits

• A list of all financial accounts help by the company

• Copies of financial analyst reports

• Information about the company’s inventory holdings

• Details regarding the company’s accounting and amortization methods

• A list of all fixed and variable expenses

The time frame for which underwriters can review financial information can stretch from the previous three to five years, depending on what they’re examining.

Recommended: How to Read Financial Statements

5. Customer/Service Information

Due diligence also takes into account interactions with customers and service practices. During this step, the underwriting team may request:

• Reports or information about the products and services offered by the company

• Details about consumer complaints filed against the company

• Information about legal approvals for the company’s products and services

• Copies of the company’s trading policies

• Details regarding the company’s marketing strategies as well as copies of marketing materials

The underwriters may also need to see copies of customer supply or service agreements.

6. Company Property

Last but not least, IPO underwriters will examine property holdings owned by the company. This can include reviewing information about:

• Business locations

• Real estate agreements and/or franchise licenses

• Trademarks and copyrights held by the company

• Approved patents held by the company

• Trademark complaints, if applicable

• Official contracts showing the purchase of real estate

The underwriters may also ask for a full inventory of any physical or real property the company owns.

Objective of IPO Due Diligence

During due diligence, the underwriting team is working to gain a full understanding of how the company operates, how it’s structured, how healthy it is financially, and whether there are any potential issues that could be a roadblock to going public. The due diligence process effectively clears the way for the next steps in the IPO process.

The IPO due diligence process ensures that there are no surprises waiting to crop up that could derail a company’s progress. It’s also an opportunity for the underwriting team, the IPO attorneys and the company itself to assess any potential risk factors that may affect the IPO’s outcome.

Benefits of Due Diligence Process

IPO due diligence has benefits for both the company and investors.

IPO Due Diligence Benefits for the Company

• Due diligence offers an opportunity to explore the viability of an IPO, based on the company’s business model, financials, capital needs and anticipated demand for its shares.

• Due diligence also allows the company to avoid going afoul of regulatory guidelines, and it can help to identify any issues the company may need to address before going public.

IPO Due Diligence Benefits to Investors

• The due diligence process can reveal more about a company than the information in the initial red herring prospectus. In IPO investing, a red herring refers to the initial prospectus compiled for SEC registration purposes.

• If investors feel confident about the information they have, that could help to fuel the success of the IPO which can mean more capital raised for the company and better returns for those who purchase its shares.

Note that an investor’s eligibility or suitability for trading IPO shares is usually determined by their brokerage firm.

Next Steps in Filing IPO

Once the underwriting team has completed its due diligence, the company can move on to the next steps involved in how to file an Initial Public Offering (IPO). Again, that includes:

• SEC review

• IPO roadshow

• Pricing

• Launch

• Stabilization

• Transition to market

The SEC review typically takes between 90 and 150 days to complete. Now, it’s up to the SEC to determine that all regulatory requirements have been met. Usually, the team conducting the review includes one or more attorneys and one or more accountants.

Next, comes the roadshow. During the roadshow, the company presents details about the IPO to potential investors. This step of the IPO process allows the company and underwriters to gauge interest in the offering and attract investors.

IPO pricing usually involves a closer look at the company’s financials, including its valuation and cash flow. Underwriters may also consider valuations for similar competitors when determining the appropriate IPO price.

After setting the IPO price, the underwriters and the company will schedule the IPO launch. Once the IPO launches, investors can purchase shares of the company. The underwriter does the steering on price stabilization movements during the 25 days following the launch, after which the company transitions to market competition, concluding the IPO process.

The Takeaway

IPO due diligence is an important part of the IPO process. Thanks to due diligence, investors who want to purchase IPO stock can feel confident that a company about to go public complies with all relevant SEC regulations. Then, it’s up to the individual investor to decide whether trading IPO shares suits their goals and risk tolerance.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

Photo credit: iStock/porcorex

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

Sep

2023

What Is IPO Subscription Status?

By Samuel Becker | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

An IPO subscription status describes the position of a company’s initial public offering (or IPO), as it relates to how many committed investors it has prior to the actual IPO.

For example, an IPO may be “fully subscribed,” “undersubscribed,” or “oversubscribed.”

Many investors are intrigued by IPOs, because it’s an opportunity to put money into a relatively early-stage company that has room to grow over time. Some companies draw more investor interest than others, and the IPO’s subscription status is one way to gauge that, because investors sign up with the intent to purchase a certain number of shares.

A company’s IPO subscription status doesn’t guarantee that the stock will perform one way or another. It’s just a preliminary indicator that may help interested investors navigate a potentially risky investment move.

Key Points

• An IPO subscription status describes the position of a company’s initial public offering (IPO) with respect to how many committed investors it has before the actual IPO.

• An IPO is when a company offers shares for sale to members of the general public through a stock exchange.

• Knowing an IPO’s subscription status can give investors an indication of how much demand there is for shares, and how an IPO stock may perform once it hits the exchanges.

• Typically, only certain investors can participate in IPO bidding and subscribe to an IPO.

• Individual investors may not have access to IPO subscriptions in the U.S., but research can help them find the right companies to invest in as they go public.

IPO Review

“IPO” is an acronym that stands for “initial public offering.” It represents the first time that a company offers shares for sale to members of the general public through a stock exchange. Prior to an IPO, you would not be able to find a company’s stock trading on an exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange, for example.

Prior to going through the IPO process, a company is private, and its investors usually include its founders, employees, and venture capitalists. A private company usually decides to go public to attract additional investment.

But it’s the tricky period before an IPO, when a company is still private, that many prospective investors look to make a move and get in early. This is when investors “subscribe” to an IPO, which means they’re agreeing or signaling their intent to buy a company’s stock prior to its IPO.

When the IPO executes, those investors may be able to purchase the number of shares to which they previously agreed. Typically, only certain investors can participate in IPO bidding and subscribe to an IPO.

💡 Quick Tip: Keen to invest in an initial public offering, or IPO? Be sure to check with your brokerage about what’s required. Typically IPO stock is available only to eligible investors.

IPO Subscription Status Defined

A company’s IPO subscription status refers to how investors have subscribed to a public issue. The goal of an IPO is to sell all of its shares — or, to reach an IPO subscription status of fully subscribed, and a valuation in line with its calculations for pricing its IPO.

In that event, all of a company’s shares are spoken for prior to hitting the exchanges, and any leftover shares won’t see their values reduced in order to attract buyers. Early investors looking to cash out after an IPO typically must wait for the lock-up period to expire before they can sell their shares.

Keep in mind that many IPO stocks in the U.S. are gobbled up by large, institutional investors involved with the IPO’s underwriter. But although the average retail investor is not typically included in an IPO roadshow, they may still be able to buy an IPO stock at its offering price.

Some brokerages have programs that allow qualified investors to request IPO stocks at their offering price, but there’s no guarantee those investors will actually get the shares.

Why IPO Subscription Status Matters

An IPO’s subscription status matters in that it can provide investors a sense of how an IPO stock may perform once it hits the exchanges. That’s pretty important, especially for traders or investors who are looking to earn a profit flipping IPO stocks.

Shows Demand of IPO Shares

Knowing an IPO’s subscription status can give investors an inkling as to how much demand there is for shares — if demand is high (an IPO is fully or oversubscribed), it’s a signal that an IPO stock may gain value after its market debut. But it’s not a guarantee.

Conversely, an undersubscribed IPO sends a signal that investors aren’t that interested. And when stocks do hit the exchanges, they may see a price reduction soon thereafter.

💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.

The Takeaway

While individual investors may not have access to IPO subscriptions in the United States, you can still participate in the IPO market. The key is doing your research to find the right companies to invest in as they go public.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

How many times can an IPO be oversubscribed?

IPOs get oversubscribed frequently, which means that more investors want to buy shares than a company has available to issue. There isn’t really a limit as to how many times it can be oversubscribed, but depending on the category of investor, it’s not uncommon for IPOs to be oversubscribed dozens or even hundreds of times.

What is an IPO subscription rate?

IPO subscription rates are an estimate of how many bids are received for each investor category, divided by the number of shares allotted for each category by the company. This helps determine the level of participation among investors in each category.

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SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE