Leveraging Credit Cards to Build Wealth

Leveraging Credit Cards to Build Wealth

If you have strong credit, leveraging your credit cards as part of your wealth-building strategy might be possible. Whether you’re looking to use them toward shrewd investments or through tactically accumulating rewards, your credit card can be a powerful tool.

However, before you worry about how to leverage credit to make money, it’s crucial that you understand the high risk involved in leveraging your credit line as investment capital. If you don’t have cash flow ready to immediately repay large credit card purchases, you’re putting yourself in danger of getting buried in debt.

Strategies for Leveraging Credit Cards

Depending on your risk tolerance, how much cash you have on hand for repayment, and your financial goals, you have a few options for how to leverage credit cards. Here’s a look at some of the ways you could leverage your credit to help pave your path toward building financial freedom.

Upgrading Your Property

If you’re looking for new investment options, you could leverage credit cards toward your existing home. Using your card as a cash flow tool to fund renovations and upgrades can help you increase your property’s value.

According to Remodeling Magazine, homeowners who update their kitchen can typically expect a return on investment (ROI) of up to 71%. The approximate ROI on a bathroom remodel is almost 60% or higher. Your ROI will depend on many factors, such as the quality of materials and appliances used, but in general, updating your home can improve its value.

Utilizing 0% Credit Promotions

If you’re wondering how to use good credit to make money, another option is a 0% promotional offer. A 0% APR credit card promotion lets you leverage your credit line at no additional cost for a limited period of time. The temporary promotion is typically reserved for those with excellent credit and is available for a short time frame, such as from six months to 18 months.

You can use your card toward other wealth-building strategies and repay your purchases within the promotional period to avoid interest charges. The main caveat is ensuring that you can realistically afford to repay yourcredit cardcharges within the promotional period. If you don’t, some cards charge deferred interest on any remaining balance after the promotion expires.

Recommended: What Is a Charge Card?

Turning Your Credit Card Debt Into Good Debt

Credit cards can be used as a tool to build your credit profile. A higher credit score can earn you access to lower, more competitive interest rates and a higher borrowing limit when you need a loan in the future.

Practicing sound borrowing habits on a credit card, like maintaining an on-time payment history, keeping your credit utilization ratio low, and not opening too many new accounts in a short period are some factors that can positively impact your score. Keep in mind that the better your credit, the better the terms you may receive to then use toward investments.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due?

Flipping Items for More Cash

Flipping, or retail arbitrage as it’s sometimes called, is one way people leverage credit cards to increase their wealth. As an example, say you purchased a vintage Windsor chair from a thrift store for $20 using your credit card. If you successfully sell it on Etsy or eBay for $250 before interest accrues on the purchase, you’ve effectively leveraged your credit to earn a $230 profit.

Before you leverage your credit card in this way, do your due diligence by researching high-value items that can be flipped in a short period of time. Having inventory that’s taking up space in the corner because it’s not a hot item, or too niche, might result in getting hit with interest charges before a profit is made.

Recommended: How to Avoid Interest on a Credit Card

Making Use of Available Discounts

Another way to leverage credit cards is by using a credit card to save money on planned purchases. Many rewards and travel credit cards offer discounted rates on vacation packages or trip costs like flights and accommodations.

Taking advantage of discounts that already come with your card is another way to save money. You can then reallocate this discretionary cash flow toward more lucrative investments.

Maximizing Big Welcome Bonuses

Some credit cards offer lucrative sign-up bonuses for consumers who open a new account. For example, a credit card might offer 60,000 bonus points (that’s valued at $750) to new cardholders who make a minimum of $4,000 in purchases within the first three months of opening the account.

Keep in mind that this option is likely best for cardholders who have a large purchase coming up, or already use a card for everyday expenses that will allow them to hit the minimum purchase requirement.

If you meet the requirements of the sign-up bonus offer, you can use your earned rewards toward a statement credit, travel, and more, effectively freeing up cash flow that otherwise would have come out of your pocket.

Racking Up Cash Rewards

You can also strategically leverage credit card rewards. If your card offers cash-back rewards, use that card to cover your day-to-day expenses rather than your debit card. That way, you can earn money back on each dollar you spend.

For example, you can use a cash-back rewards card for groceries, school supplies, gas, dining, entertainment, vacations, and more. Depending on your rewards program, you could accumulate a sizable amount of cash back that could end up covering a portion of your monthly statement balance or even a trip. Or, you could get your rewards as cash that you then put into the market, allowing you to effectively invest with credit card rewards.

Recommended: Does Applying for a Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score?

Investing in Yourself

Using your credit card to enhance your skills or education can actually be a powerful way to leverage your credit. For example, learning additional coding language might make you a more competitive candidate for a higher paying job.

In this situation, using your credit card toward online courses could potentially boost your long-term wealth and career opportunities.

The Takeaway

Responsible credit card habits are key to leveraging credit cards to build your wealth. If you can confidently repay your credit card charges every month, your card could earn you rewards while leveraging your credit toward investment opportunities.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

What does it mean to leverage your credit card?

Leveraging your credit card to increase your wealth means using your card as a cash flow tool. It’s best when used by cardholders who practice responsible borrowing habits, such as paying off monthly balances in full to avoid finance charges.

How do you make money leveraging credit cards?

Different ways to leverage credit cards include using your card toward a home remodel that increases your home value, or capitalizing on credit card rewards on purchases you already make.

Is leveraging credit a good idea?

Leveraging your credit can be a good strategy if you maintain positive financial habits, like making on-time payments and paying off your full credit card balance each month. If you don’t have the cash to pay back your purchases, this strategy can quickly backfire through accumulated debt and interest charges.

What is credit card arbitrage?

Credit card arbitrage is a strategy that involves borrowing credit from your card, and then using those funds toward a higher-interest investment vehicle. This is commonly seen using promotional 0% APR credit cards. After you’ve earned dividends from your investment during the temporary no-interest period, you’d repay your credit card balance and keep the investment profit.

How do I turn my credit into cash?

One option to turn your credit into cash is to purchase gift cards using your credit card for the balance you need. Just make sure you can realistically repay your credit card statement at the end of the month.


Photo credit: iStock/Delmaine Donson

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Is the SWIFT Banking System?

What Is the SWIFT Banking System?

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) provides a secure communication network to financial institutions in order to communicate and facilitate cross-border transactions and payments.

The SWIFT system is a critical piece of infrastructure for the international banking system because it allows financial institutions to talk to one another securely. Without access to the SWIFT messaging network, banks are essentially shut out of the global financial system because they cannot speak to banks in other countries to agree to transaction and payment terms.

🛈 Currently, SoFi does not support international money transfers, and therefore does not support IBAN, BIC, or SWIFT codes.

What Is SWIFT?

SWIFT doesn’t hold assets or move money around. Instead, it is a messaging system for banks and other financial institutions. When banks need to conduct business across borders with other financial companies, the SWIFT system allows them to communicate to one another in a secure and standardized manner to ensure reliable transaction terms.

The SWIFT messaging system relies on a standardized system of codes to transmit information and payment instructions. These codes are interchangeably called Bank Identifier Codes (BIC), SWIFT codes, SWIFT IDs, or ISO 9362 codes. Each member of the SWIFT network is assigned a BIC/SWIFT code, providing an efficient transfer of information during transactions.

The SWIFT codes are used so banks and financial institutions can communicate reliably. For example, a bank in the United States wants to make sure it is messaging the right bank in France to set up payment instructions before sending money.

Since SWIFT doesn’t send money, it requires banks to take additional steps to send money globally after communicating with their counterparty. This makes the whole process relatively slow and adds costs to the transfers. The advent of blockchain technology may alleviate these time lags and additional costs as the technology is adopted more broadly.

Format of BIC/SWIFT Code

These codes are unique and have 8 or 11 characters, identifying the bank, country, city, and branch.

•   Bank code (0-9 or A-Z): 4 characters representing the bank.

•   Country code (A-Z): 2 letters representing the country of the bank.

•   Location code (0-9 or A-Z): 2 characters of letters or numbers for the location of the bank.

•   Branch Code (0-9 or A-Z): 3 digits specifying a particular branch. This branch code is optional.

For example, Wells Fargo, with a branch in Philadelphia, has the 11-character SWIFT code PNBPUS33PHL. The first four characters reflect the institute code (PNBP for Wells Fargo), the next two are the country code (US), the following two characters specify the location/city code (33), and the last three characters indicate the individual branch (PHL). The last three characters are optional; if the bank is the head office, the code ends with XXX.

More SWIFT Code Examples
Bank Name Barclays Bank Plc Toronto-Dominion Bank MUFG Bank, Ltd.
SWIFT Code BARCGB22 TDOMCATTTOR BOTKJPJT
Bank Code BARC TDOM BOTK
Country Code GB (United Kingdom) CA (Canada) JP (Japan)
Location Code 22 (London) TT (Toronto) JT (Tokyo)
Branch Code XXX or not assigned (indicates head office) TOR XXX or not assigned (indicates head office)

History of SWIFT

Telex was an early electronic communications system used in the post-World War II period, allowing businesses to send written messages across the globe. Before SWIFT, financial institutions used Telex to communicate with one another to ensure the successful transfer of international payments. However, Telex was slow, lacked security, and was prone to human error because it didn’t run on a standardized system.

To alleviate the problems of Telex, 239 banks from 15 countries joined forces in 1973 to develop a communications network that would provide safe, secure, and standardized messaging for cross-border payments. These banks formed the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication and went live with the SWIFT messaging service in 1977. Soon, SWIFT was widely adopted and became the gold standard for cross-border messaging in the global financial system.

More than 11,000 financial institutions in over 200 countries use the SWIFT system to communicate. It processes tens of millions of messages per day, too. 

Who Controls SWIFT?

Based in Belgium, SWIFT is a member-owned cooperative, meaning that member institutions have stakes in SWIFT and the right to nominate directors to its governing board. This governing board is made up of 25 people from across the globe and overseen by the G-10 country central banks (Bank of Canada, Deutsche Bundesbank, European Central Bank, Banque de France, Banca d’Italia, Bank of Japan, De Nederlandsche Bank, Sveriges Riksbank, Swiss National Bank, Bank of England, USA Federal Reserve System), the European Central Bank, and the National Bank of Belgium.

Traditionally, SWIFT acts as a neutral party, so it doesn’t make any decisions on sanctions. However, because it operates under Belgian law and European Union regulations, SWIFT will adhere to sanctions imposed by the EU if necessary. This resulted in banks from Iran being kicked off the SWIFT system in 2012 because of the country’s nuclear weapon program. Additionally, in early 2022, several Russian institutions were kicked off of SWIFT after the country invaded Ukraine.

The Future of SWIFT

Because of SWIFT’s significant role in the global financial system, some believe that blockchain technology could circumvent the need to use the SWIFT network. Proponents of decentralized finance believe that these new technologies could increase global payments’ speed, security, and transparency. Just as SWIFT replaced Telex as the standard for messaging in the global financial system, some think that blockchain technology could do the same.

The Takeaway

SWIFT is a critical part of the global financial system. Without the secure messaging services of SWIFT, banks and other financial institutions would struggle to complete transactions and make payments in overseas business. However, the SWIFT system is relatively slow and costly for financial institutions. Even with the safe and secure messaging of SWIFT, cross-border payments and transfers between financial institutions can still take several days to complete. 

In a world that desires high-speed money transfers, this lag in transaction time can be burdensome to banks and other financial institutions. As new challengers in the global financial system, like blockchain technology, breakthrough and become a more mainstream part of the financial payments system, they could put pressure on the ubiquity of the SWIFT system and the overall global payments system.


Photo credit: iStock/Evgeniy Skripnichenko

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Tips for Investing in Gold With a Credit Card

Tips for Investing in Gold With a Credit Card

For millennia, people have used precious metals like gold and silver to store their wealth. And while there are other options in the modern world, investing in gold is still quite popular. In terms of how exactly to do that, you may be able to buy gold with a credit card — but it may not be the best choice.

One of the biggest drawbacks to doing so are the credit card charges for gold purchase on credit cards. If you buy gold with a credit card, you’ll likely owe a processing fee on top of your purchase price. This can make investing in gold with a credit card a less desirable option, and it may make it worth considering alternatives.

Can You Buy Gold With a Credit Card?

It is possible to buy precious metals with a credit card, but it may not be the best investment option for you.

Part of what a credit card is includes processing fees, which are charged to merchants and often get passed down to the consumer. These fees typically range from around 1.5% to 3.5% of the purchase amount. If you have to pay processing fees in order to buy gold with a credit card, you may want to consider other investment options.

Guide to Buying Gold With a Credit Card

If you decide to buy gold with a credit card, here are a few steps to help guide your journey.

Searching for Reliable Dealers

First, you’ll want to look around for reliable gold dealers. There are many different websites where you can buy gold online with a credit card, and each site has its own pros and cons. It’s smart to read up on the company to help ensure you’re choosing a reliable dealer.

Comparing Prices and Reviews

Once you’ve found a few dealers who appear reliable, you can start comparing prices and reviews. Reading reviews from other investors can give you a sense of what you’re likely to go through with this particular dealer. You’ll also want to compare gold prices at different sites, since the price may vary from dealer to dealer.

Completing the Checkout Form

Once you’ve settled on a dealer, you can go through their checkout process. Before you enter your credit card or other financial details, you may need to enter in additional information. This will likely include your name and address or other identifying information.

Submitting Your Credit Card Details

You’ll then likely be taken to the checkout screen to complete your purchase. If you are using a credit card, you’ll enter your credit card information. Make sure to read the terms and conditions for your purchase, as some dealers charge a market loss fee if you cancel your order.

Completing the Purchase

Once you complete the purchase, you can await the delivery of your gold. If you’re taking physical hold of your gold, it will be shipped to your address on file. If you have made other arrangements, your gold will get delivered per the instructions you entered during the purchase process.

After the purchase is added to your credit card balance, make sure to follow essential credit card rules. This includes making on-time payments and attempting to pay off your balance in full each month to avoid paying interest.

Recommended: How to Avoid Interest On a Credit Card

Other Ways to Buy Gold

Besides investing in gold with a credit card, there are a few other ways to buy gold.

Debit Card

You may be able to buy gold with a debit card, depending on the dealer that you choose. Investing in gold with a debit card may also come with processing fees. However, it’s common that debit card fees are less than those associated with using a credit card, given how credit cards work compared to debit cards.

ACH or Wire Transfer

Another option to consider is sending the money electronically through your bank. You may be able to fund your purchase using ACH or a wire transfer. Just make sure you understand any fees associated with buying gold in this manner.

Money Order

You also may be able to use a money order to invest in gold. How to do this will depend on the dealer you use. Generally, you’ll need to mail a money order to the dealer. Once your funds are deposited, you’ll be able to use them to make a gold purchase.

Cash Deposit

If you live near the physical establishment of a gold dealer, you may also be able to use cash to invest in gold. You can deposit your cash funds and then use that amount to purchase gold. Of course, you will want to be cautious if you are transporting a large sum of cash, as loss or theft are risks.

P2P Apps

Peer-to-peer (P2P) payment apps like Cash App, and Venmo may serve as additional ways to invest in gold. Check with your dealer to see if these (or any other) P2P apps are options to fund your investment. Also make sure you look at the terms and conditions to understand any additional fees that you may owe.

The Takeaway

While it is possible to invest in gold with a credit card, it may not be the best investment option. Not all dealers allow you to buy gold with a credit card, and many that do pass along processing fees of 1.5% to 3.5%. These additional fees mean that you may be better off with another type of investment or a different funding source.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

Does it still pay to invest in gold?

If you’re wanting to invest in gold, it can still make sense, depending on your individual financial priorities. The price of gold varies from day to day (and even within the same day), so just like any other type of investment, you’ll want to make sure you understand the underlying value and if or when buying gold makes sense for you.

Can you buy precious metals with a credit card?

You can buy precious metals like gold with a credit card, but it may not be the wisest investment option. Many credit card processors charge a fee to merchants using a credit card, and in many cases, that fee is passed down to consumers. This additional cost can mean it may not be worth it to buy gold with a credit card.

What are the charges for gold purchases on a credit card?

The exact list of fees and charges for buying gold with a credit card will depend on the exact dealer you use to make your purchase. It’s common for dealers to charge a processing fee (up to 3.5% or higher) if you use a credit card to buy gold.


Photo credit: iStock/Talaj

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Understanding a Retirement Gap Analysis

Understanding a Retirement Gap Analysis

A retirement gap analysis helps individuals identify a potential shortfall between how much they have saved and what they will need in retirement.

Tallying all accounts, projecting ahead, then comparing that amount to how much a fully funded retirement costs, given your unique circumstances, can help people bridge the financial gap between the present and retirement. It’s a great way to visualize how you are tracking towards your retirement goals.

What Is a Retirement Analysis?

A retirement analysis is typically a report a financial advisor creates for individuals who want to know if they are on track for retirement. The analysis can also be done using online tools. Saving for retirement is an important process for those who are looking forward to a secure future with a steady stream of income.

Knowing the difference between what you have saved versus what you will need in order to retire on time is valuable information to determine if you are on track for retirement. If necessary, you can then take extra steps to boost your savings rate once you have a retirement gap analysis and risk assessment performed. This might include such actions as changing your investing strategy or considering annuities, for instance.

A retirement gap analysis considers a range of retirement assets. Your 401(k) through your employer, any individual retirement accounts you might own, annuities, individual taxable brokerage accounts, and even Social Security are common assets to tally in a retirement gap analysis. The sum of those assets is then compared to what you will need in the future, so that you can retire with confidence.

How Do You Conduct a Retirement Gap Analysis?

Conducting a retirement analysis can be done using online tools or by meeting with a financial advisor. It’s all about knowing when you can retire. Often, individuals will take action to improve their financial habits and retirement savings when they see what they must do.

What Goes Into a Retirement Gap Analysis?

For example, a retirement gap on a chart can be a powerful visual to inspire people to save more. Performing a retirement analysis requires careful input of all assets and some assumptions about future rates of return, as well as a person’s spending habits and goals in order to determine how long their savings and other assets may last.

Assets and liabilities are analyzed, and future cash flow is projected. Conducting a retirement analysis also includes estimating how long somebody might live. Longevity risk is a key consideration, and Social Security and annuities can help reduce the risk of running out of money. There are many facets to performing a retirement gap analysis. Seeking out the help of an experienced fiduciary advisor may be helpful so that you are confident in your retirement plan.

How Does Communication Come Into Play?

A critical factor of a retirement analysis is the communication aspect. This is where a financial planner could potentially show their skills.

Simply looking over investment accounts and seeing numbers on a spreadsheet might not cause people to change course on their journey to retirement. Communicating a retirement gap in the right context can help drive home the message that saving more today will lead to a better tomorrow.

How Does a 401(k) Plan Factor Into the Analysis?

A high-level retirement gap analysis should be mixed in with detailed cash flow planning.

Your 401(k) plan is a major account that is assessed during a retirement analysis. An employer-sponsored retirement account is a large part of many workers’ overall retirement plan. A 401(k) gap can be found by analyzing the value of a participant’s pre-tax and Roth accounts versus what they will need to retire.

A 401(k) account often features an employer matching contribution, which is almost like free money so long as you meet the plan’s matching contribution requirements. Many plans will match, say, 50% of the employee’s contribution up to 6%. For a $100,000 salary, that means $3,000 per year of employer contributions, in addition to $6,000 from the employee. That’s $9,000 per year.

A 401(k) account, among other retirement plans offered through work, is typically a major piece of someone’s retirement asset pie. The process to increase contributions to it is generally easy to do. Moreover, the auto-enrollment and auto-escalation features are tools that can help more people save more for retirement so that their 401(k) gap shrinks over time. A 401(k) analysis can be helpful for workers young and old.

Retirement Gap Analysis Example

Let’s run through a retirement gap analysis example to better show the steps involved.

Retirement Gap Analysis, Step-by-Step

Rationale

Retirement Income Assessment: Summing all retirement savings accounts to find a portfolio value. Identifies any potential shortfall between required monthly income and total projected income between Social Security, retirement plans, and other accounts.
Review liabilities and future spending habits. No retirement gap analysis is complete without a thorough assessment of what you owe and current and future spending.
Analyze changes to an individual’s retirement date. Can make arriving at retirement easier if more time is allowed to increase saving.
Strategize about Social Security options. Delaying benefits until age 70 will increase total payout; might reduce longevity risk.
Outlining steps to take to shore up retirement income. Increasing a 401(k) contribution rate can help narrow the retirement gap. Reducing spending and increasing your savings rate are other actions.

How to Calculate Retirement Income

Knowing if your 401(k) is enough is important, but so too is a broader look at your assets and liabilities along with what income to expect in retirement. No retirement gap analysis is complete without it.

Calculating retirement income can be done using various online calculators, but you might want to sit down with a financial planner to map out what income you, personally, will need in retirement. Variables like your spending habits, inflation, discounted cash flow rates, and possible risks all must be considered.

You can also leverage the Social Security Administration’s Retirement Estimator calculator to find out what you should expect to receive when you decide to retire. While the output is just an estimate, it can go a long way toward bridging your retirement gap if you have a gauge of what income you will have in retirement.

Another way to calculate retirement income is to sum up your retirement assets, assume a contribution rate between now and retirement along with a rate of return, then take that asset base as an amount from which to draw income during retirement.

Many planners use the “4% rule”, which states that a retiree can withdraw up to 4% of their retirement account value each year without a high risk of running out of money. This is just a rule of thumb, however, and it might not work as well today as it did decades ago.

Investing for Retirement With SoFi

Identifying where you are on your retirement journey is an important part of financial planning. Doing a retirement gap analysis is an essential part of that process. As time passes, our lives and lifestyles, our goals, and often our physical health can change. All these factors can impact how much we’ll need to spend in the future.

By conducting a retirement gap analysis to identify any shortfalls in savings, it’s possible to make adjustments, and course-correct to get savings goals on track.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

What is a retirement gap?

A retirement gap is a difference in the amount you have saved for retirement versus how much you will need. A retirement gap analysis can be performed to help identify how much more you will need to save for retirement. Once you know the amount, you can then take steps to boost your savings and investment accounts so that you can retire on time.

How do I find out if I have a retirement account?

Many individuals have a 401(k) or another retirement plan through their employer. Check with your HR department to see if there is an account set up for you. You might also have retirement accounts established on your own through investment brokerage companies. Also consider that you can likely collect a monthly Social Security benefit in retirement. Be sure to check with the Social Security Administration.

Will my retirement account be enough for me?

This is a tough question, but an important one. Knowing how much you will need for retirement is crucial to developing a retirement savings strategy and living a confident retirement. You may want to meet with a financial advisor to develop a plan. You can also use online resources, tools, and calculators to help determine if your current portfolio is enough to fund your retirement.


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For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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