How Are Leverage and Margin Similar and Different?

How Are Leverage and Margin Similar and Different?


Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

The terms margin and leverage are often used interchangeably in the world of finance. While both terms refer to strategies that can be used to amplify an investor’s buying power when trading stocks and other securities, they have some key differences.

Margin trading, or “buying stocks on margin,” means borrowing money from your brokerage to purchase more stock than you could with your own funds. Your existing securities serve as collateral.

You will also pay interest on the amount borrowed from the broker.

Leverage is a broader financial concept, referring to the use of debt to take a larger position (whether in securities trading or business acquisitions) to potentially amplify returns. In the context of trading, leverage means using borrowing funds in order to increase trading positions — taking on more risk with the hope of more gains.

The use of leverage also means the possibility of losing more than you have. In addition to the risk of a trade going south, the borrowed funds must be repaid with interest. It’s important to understand how leverage works in terms of margin trading so that you know the amount of risk exposure you have.

Key Points

•   Margin trading and leverage use debt to increase buying power and potential returns.

•   Both methods significantly increase the risk of substantial financial losses.

•   Leverage can be applied through various financial instruments, not just margin accounts.

•   Margin trading involves borrowing funds from a broker, increasing exposure.

•   With a margin account, the borrowed funds must be repaid with interest, regardless of the outcome of the trade.

Leverage vs Margin

The reliance on borrowed funds, or debt, to enable bigger trades or purchases is commonly known as leverage. Margin trades are a type of leveraged trade.

What Is Leverage?

The use of leverage refers to investors who use debt to finance bigger positions.

The same is true in business: a highly leveraged company is one that has taken on large amounts of debt to fund an expansion or acquisition; in other words, a company with a high debt ratio.

What Is Margin?

Again, margin is a type of leverage. Investors use margin, i.e., borrowed funds, to place bigger trades than they could afford with cash. The securities in their brokerage account are used as collateral for the margin loan.

Margin, or margin accounts, can be set up through a traditional brokerage account or when investing online. Access to margin is highly regulated in terms of how much investors can borrow, and how much collateral is required to place a margin trade.

Investors can use leverage via other means (e.g., leveraged ETFs, which do not require margin accounts).

Recommended: Margin Trading vs Futures: Compared and Explained

A Closer Look at Margin

Margin trading is a sophisticated, higher-risk strategy that enables experienced investors to trade securities using money that they’ve borrowed from their broker. As noted, margin can allow bigger trades, with the potential for bigger gains — as well as the potential for steep losses.

For investors who qualify, a margin loan generally allows them to borrow up to 50% of the cost of a trade. Like any other loan, margin funds require collateral from the existing cash and securities in the account; in addition, the loan accrues interest. Margin interest rates fluctuate and are generally decided by the broker.

Traders must also maintain a minimum balance in their margin accounts called maintenance margin. Along with collateral, this can cover potential losses.

The Margin Call

If the account falls below that threshold, the broker can require a deposit to bring the balance up to the minimum amount. This is known as a margin call. If the investor fails to cover the shortfall, the broker can sell securities in the account to restore the necessary balance.

How Margin Trading Works

When using a cash account vs. a margin account to execute trades, every cash trade is secured by moneyfo in the investor’s account, entailing no risk to the broker.

With margin, though, a portion of each trade is secured by the initial margin (or cash), while the rest of the trade is covered by borrowed funds. If the margin requirement is 50%, and you want to place a $10,000 trade, you would need $5,000 in cash.

So while margin trading affords more buying power than investors could achieve with cash alone, the additional risk exposure means that investors always need to maintain a minimum level of collateral to meet margin requirements, or they may face a margin call.

Though margin requirements vary by broker, following are minimums currently required by financial regulators.

Term

Amount

Definition

Minimum margin $2,000 Deposit amount needed to open a margin account
Initial margin 50% Percentage of a trade that must be funded by cash
Maintenance margin 25% Minimum amount of equity in the margin account
Margin call Any If a margin account falls below the maintenance margin, the broker will require a deposit to cover the shortfall, or will sell securities in the account to do so.

As noted above, margin trading offers experienced investors some potential upsides as well as risks.

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Pros:

•   Increases buying power

•   Potential for returns

•   Can provide an opportunity for diversification

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Cons:

•   Must meet and maintain margin requirements

•   Potential for steep losses

•   Investors owe interest on borrowed funds

Increase your buying power with a margin loan from SoFi.

Borrow against your current investments at just 4.75% to 9.50%* and start margin trading.


*For full margin details, see terms.

A Closer Look at Leverage

Leverage in finance is a word used to describe borrowing money to increase returns. Investors might borrow capital from a broker or bank in order to make trades that are larger than their account’s equity, increasing their trading power.

Companies might use leverage to invest in parts of their business that they hope will ultimately raise the value of the company.

How Leverage Works

Leverage in a stock account is the result of borrowing money to trade securities, using an account’s margin feature. Leverage can work to the benefit or detriment of an investor depending on the movements of an account’s holdings.

Companies often use leverage to amplify returns on their investment projects, and the same logic applies to trading equities. You may see the potential for significant returns on the upside — or you may see your account value drop rapidly if the market moves against you.

Trading with leverage is riskier than strictly using your own cash, because there is the possibility of total loss.

Futures and forex trading often use higher leverage versus a margin account. Forex trading may allow a 1% initial margin. So a $1000 deposit would enable an investor to trade $100,000.

The initial margin amount required for a futures contract can range from 2% to 12%, depending on the commodity.

The Takeaway

Margin trading and leverage can be used to boost returns, but there are substantial risks to consider.
A margin account with stocks allows you to borrow against cash and securities when trading stocks
online. Leverage measures the increase in trading power because of using margin.

It’s important to understand your personal risk tolerance before trading on margin and using leverage

If you’re an experienced trader and have the risk tolerance to try out trading on margin, consider enabling a SoFi margin account. With a SoFi margin account, experienced investors can take advantage of more investment opportunities, and potentially increase returns. That said, margin trading is a high-risk endeavor, and using margin loans can amplify losses as well as gains.


Get one of the most competitive margin loan rates with SoFi, from 4.75% to 9.50%*

FAQ

Is leverage the same as margin?

Leverage is different from margin. You use a margin account to increase your leverage ratio when trading stocks. Futures and forex trading requires a trader to post margin to use leverage.

Can you trade without leverage?

You can trade without leverage, using securities with cash in your account instead. This method also avoids paying interest on margin balances. The downside is you will not be able to amplify returns as you would when trading on margin or with leverage. You can also trade leveraged ETFs without a margin trading account.

What is margin in stock trading?

Margin in stock trading happens when an investor takes out a loan on an investment with the goal of seeing that asset’s price rise. When the investment is sold, the borrowed funds are returned to the lender, but you as the investor keep the profits. The downside is if the security’s price drops, you will see enhanced losses. In either event, you owe the lender interest on borrowed funds.


Photo credit: iStock/DuxX

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How Long to Keep Your Credit Card Statements: What You Should Know

How Long to Keep Your Credit Card Statements: What You Should Know

Typically, you only need to keep credit card statements for 60 days, unless they are tax-related. It can be wise to keep copies in the short-term so you can scan the charges and wrangle your budget.

Keep reading for more insight if you’re wondering how long you should keep credit card statements. Different situations may require differ guidelines on the timing.

Why Should You Keep Your Credit Card Statements?

Aside from sharing your credit card statement balance or current balance, your credit card statements contain some pretty helpful information that can come in handy down the road — especially come tax season. If payments are made by credit card, it’s possible to review old statements to look up business expenses (perhaps Ubers taken for work purposes) or other write-offs like mortgage, student loan, or tuition payments that you put on your card.

It can also be helpful to keep credit card statements in case so you can review them for errors or signs of fraud. It’s easy to overlook mistakes when quickly reading a credit card statement while sorting the mail. It can be valuable to take the time to look more closely.

Online vs Hard Copy Statements

If you want to avoid holding onto a lot of paperwork, you also have the option to access online statements for your credit card. Credit card issuers may store this information for a while — though they won’t necessarily hold onto old statements forever.

The length of time your records are stored will vary by financial institution. Some credit card issuers only provide the past 12 months of statements, while others hold onto them for up to seven years. In many cases, five years is a common timeline.

If an old statement isn’t appearing online, the account holder may be able to call their credit card issuer and request a copy of an older statement. Still, there’s no guarantee that this will work; you might not be able to get what you’re searching for. It can also cost money to get a copy of an older statement if it is accessible.

Factors That Determine How Long to Keep Credit Card Statements

Like the rules around keeping financial documents in general, how long to keep credit card statements depends on each consumer’s unique needs. That being said, a good rule of thumb is to keep them at least 60 days, to have time to scan them for signs of erroneous charges or fraud and to reconcile your budget.

If you use your credit card for purchases that might be tax-deductible, then it can be wise to at least hold onto them until it’s time to prepare taxes for the year. (Again, you may not have to keep hard copies since you may be able to download statements from your credit card issuer’s website or app.)

If you do use your credit card statements to help prepare your taxes, you should hold onto them for at least seven years just in case the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) comes knocking with any questions.

How Long Should You Keep Your Credit Card Statements?

It’s worth noting though that consumers may have different needs than business owners when it comes to holding onto old credit card statements. Here’s a closer look.

For Consumers

How long consumers should keep credit card statements depends on how someone uses their statements. In general, it’s wise to keep your credit card statements for 60 days due to credit card rules. Under the Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA), credit card issuers must receive written notice of any errors within 60 days of them sending the consumer the statement containing the error.

However, it might be smart to keep your statements for longer in the following scenarios:

•   If you use your statements to make deductions on your taxes: In this case, it’s wise to keep statements for seven years. That way, if you’re ever audited by the IRS, you’ll have those statements handy as supporting documentation for deductions.

•   If you decide to dispute charges: If you’re disputing charges on your credit card, it’s best to hold onto the statement in question for 90 days, as that’s how long the dispute process can take.

•   If you want to track your spending: Those looking to learn more about their spending habits and create a better budget may find that holding onto a year’s worth of statements is helpful. That way, they can sit down on January 1 and get a clear picture of how you spent your money in the last year and where you can cut back. This can help with using a credit card responsibly.

•   If you have an extended warranty: It’s also helpful to hold onto statements that contain purchases that came with extended warranties. For example, if you buy a TV with a three-year warranty, the credit card issuer may offer an extended one-year warranty as a cardholder benefit. Keep that statement at the ready as a proof of purchase in case that extended warranty is needed.

For Business Owners

Similar to consumers, business owners can benefit from holding onto credit card statements for at least a year in order to track business expenses. If referenced for tax purposes, it’s wise to keep credit card statements stored away for seven years to help resolve any future tax issues that may arise.

When You Should Keep Credit Card Statements Longer

As mentioned earlier, if you are going to use your credit card statements to help you prove deductions on your taxes, you’ll want to keep your own copies of your credit card statements (whether you save them on paper or digitally) for seven years. This is generally the longest you might need to keep statements for.

Recommended: What is the Average Credit Card Limit

Different Ways to Store Statements

Because credit card statements contain sensitive personal and financial information, it’s important to keep them safe. Here are a couple ways to store them:

•   In a password-protected file on your computer: If you download a digital copy of your statement, you can store them in a password-protected file on your computer.

•   In a safe: If you want to hold onto hard copies, keep them in a locked, fireproof safe to protect them from both theft and damage.

Different Ways to Dispose of Statements

Once you are ready to dispose of your credit card statements, it’s important to destroy the documents so no one can find them and glean information from them. Here are your options to get rid of your old credit card statements:

•   Shredding or cutting them up: Shredding old documents is ideal, but if you don’t have a shredder, you can cut the statement up into very small pieces using scissors. Then, throw away the various pieces into different garbage cans.

•   Deleting all files: For digital copies, simply delete the files fully from your computer — including any backup copies — once you no longer need them.

Managing Online Statements: What to Know

When it comes to online statements, you can easily save those digitally if you don’t like storing paper documents or if you’ve opted to receive paperless statements. All the cardholder has to do is download their statements and keep them stored in their digital files, ideally with password protection.

Recommended: What is a Charge Card

The Takeaway

How long you should keep your credit card statements depends on your unique needs, but 60 days is a good rule of thumb. If you have extended warranties through your credit card issuer, you may keep statements for the length of their warranty in case you need a reference. Or, if you use the statements to help with your tax deductions, it can be a good idea to hold onto them for up to seven years in case any questions arise.

Further, holding onto your credit card statements can help you easily see your spending habits and how well your credit card is serving you.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

How can I get old credit card statements?

If you didn’t save your old credit card statements, you can look for them in your online account or can call your credit card issuer to request them. A charge may be involved for this service.

Do you need to keep credit card receipts?

Often, a credit card statement will give you a record of the information you need without needing to keep receipts.

How long should you keep credit card statements with tax-related expenses?

If you use your credit card statements to help figure out tax deductions, you should keep old credit card statements for up to seven years. That way, if the IRS has questions about any deductions, you can have the documentation to back them up.

How can you keep digital credit card statements safely?

If you download a digital copy of your statement, it’s best to store them in a password-protected file on their computer. Once you no longer need the statements, fully delete the files from your computer.


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/Rawpixel

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What’s the Difference Between Homeowners Insurance and Title Insurance?

When you’re buying a home, you probably have a million questions that need answering, especially when it comes to getting the proper insurance to protect your investment.

Soon-to-be homeowners may see both title and homeowners insurance on the lending documentation and wonder what the difference is between the two. While both types of insurance can provide vital coverage for homeowners, they differ vastly in their purpose and protection.

What Is Homeowners Insurance?

A homeowners insurance policy protects a home and personal property from loss or damage. It may also provide insurance in the event someone is injured while they are on the property.

Here are some common things homeowners insurance may cover:

•   Damage that may occur in the home, garage, or other buildings on the property

•   Damaged, lost, or stolen personal property, such as furniture

•   Temporary housing expenses if the homeowner must live elsewhere during home repairs

Depending on the policy, homeowners insurance may also cover:

•   Physical injury or property damage to others caused by the homeowner’s negligence

•   An accident that happens at home, or away from home, for which the homeowner is responsible

•   Injuries that take place in or around the home and involve any person who is not a family member of the homeowner

•   Damage or loss of personal property in storage

Some coverage may also apply to lost or stolen money, jewelry, gold, or stamp and coin collections.

See How Much You Could Save on Home Insurance.

You could save an average of $1,342 per year* when you switch insurance providers. See competitive rates from different insurers.


Results will vary and some may not see savings. Average savings of $1,342 per year for customers who switched multiple policies and saved with Experian from May 1,2024 through April 30, 2025. Savings based on customers’ self-reported prior premiums.

Buying Homeowners Insurance

While someone can legally own a home without taking out homeowners insurance, the mortgage loan holder may require the homeowner to purchase an insurance policy. Typically, lenders do require this as a condition of the home loan.

It’s important to understand that homeowners need to insure the home but not the land underneath it. Some natural disasters — tornadoes and lightning, for example — are covered by typical homeowners policies. Floods and earthquakes, however, are not. If you live in an area where floods or earthquakes are common, you may want to consider purchasing extra insurance to cover damages from potential disasters.

Special coverage may also be worthwhile for those who own valuable art, jewelry, computers, or antiques.
There are two policy options that can help homeowners replace insured property in the event of damage or a loss. Replacement cost coverage covers the cost to rebuild the home and replace any of its contents, while actual cash value simply pays the current value of the property at the time of experienced loss.

When it comes time to shop for and buy homeowners insurance, start by asking trusted friends, family, or financial advisors for their recommendations. Do some online research, too. Before you make a final decision, contact multiple companies and request quotes in writing to compare their offerings. That process can give you a good idea of who is offering the best coverage for the most affordable price.

Recommended: Is Homeowners Insurance Required to Buy a Home?

What Is Title Insurance?

Title insurance provides protection against losses and hidden costs that may occur if the title to a property has defects such as encumbrances, liens, or any defects unknown when the title policy was first issued.

The insurer is responsible for reimbursing either the homeowner or the lender for any losses the policy covers, as well as any related legal expenses.

Title insurance can protect both the homeowner and lender if the title of the property is challenged. If there is an alleged title defect, which the homeowner may be unaware of at the time of purchase, title insurance can provide protection to cover any losses resulting from a covered claim.

The policy will cover legal fees incurred if there is a claim against the property.

Recommended: How to Read a Preliminary Title Report

Buying Title Insurance

Both home buyers and lenders can purchase title insurance. If the home buyer is the purchaser, they may want to insure the full value of the property. (The value of the property will affect how much the policy costs). When the lender is the purchaser, they typically only cover the amount of the homeowner’s loan. When it comes time for a home buyer to purchase title insurance, they have full choice of the insurer.

According to the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) of 1974, the seller cannot require the home buyer to purchase title insurance from one certain company.

Lenders are required to provide a list of local companies that provide closing services, of which title insurance is just one. But it may be worth doing independent research. Lenders may not select their recommendations based on the home buyer’s best interest, but instead because a service provider is an affiliate of the lender and provides a financial incentive in exchange for a recommendation.

Again, it’s a smart idea to seek the counsel of friends and family and do online research to uncover competitive prices and learn which service providers have a solid reputation.

Recommended: What Are the Different Types of Mortgage Lenders?

The Takeaway

Homeowners insurance is an ongoing cost (billed monthly, quarterly, or annually) that helps cover damage or loss of the home and possessions within the home. Title insurance, on the other hand, can help protect against losses caused by defects in the title and is a one-time fee payable during the closing process. The advantage to having both types of coverage is that each policy can protect homeowners against financial loss in very different circumstances.

Shopping for homeowners insurance often requires considering several options, from the amount of coverage to the kind of policy to the cost of the premium. To help simplify the process, SoFi has partnered with Experian to bring customizable and affordable homeowners insurance to our members.

Experian allows you to match your current coverage to new policy offers with little to no data entry. And you can easily bundle your home and auto insurance to save money. All with no fees and no paperwork.

Check out homeowners insurance options offered through SoFi Protect.
 


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.




Auto Insurance: Must have a valid driver’s license. Not available in all states.
Home and Renters Insurance: Insurance not available in all states.
Experian is a registered trademark of Experian.
SoFi Insurance Agency, LLC. (“”SoFi””) is compensated by Experian for each customer who purchases a policy through the SoFi-Experian partnership.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Common Health Insurance Terms & Definitions

Common Health Insurance Terms & Definitions

When shopping for a new health insurance policy — or when your employer introduces a new health plan — you might wonder what certain health insurance terms mean.

In this guide, you’ll discover health insurance terminology for beginners and anyone who’s ever been confused about a policy, so you can make informed decisions.

Key Points

•   Accident-only policies cover only injuries from accidents, not illnesses.

•   Benefits refer to the health services covered by insurance plans.

•   A claim is an itemized bill submitted to the insurance company for payment.

•   Coinsurance is the percentage of costs the insured pays after the deductible.

•   The out-of-pocket maximum sets the limit on annual healthcare expenses.

Top Health Insurance Terms to Know

Discover the health insurance definitions that can help you better utilize health insurance for you and your family.

Accident-Only Policies

These policies pay only in cases that were due to an accident or injury.

Benefits

These are the health care services covered by the insurance plan for an individual. Your health benefits might also be called a “benefits package.”

Claim

An itemized bill that shows all of the services and procedures that were provided to the member.

Coinsurance

This refers to the percentage of the medical charge you must pay out of your own pocket after meeting your deductible. The rest will be paid by your health insurance company. For instance, if you have a 15% coinsurance plan, you would pay 15% of each medical bill (after paying the full deductible), and the insurer would cover the rest.

Contract

In most cases, this means the insurance policy, which is a contract between the insurance company and the policyholder.

Copayment

The amount you pay out of pocket when you receive medical care or a prescription drug. A copayment is typically paid in person at the doctor’s office.

Deductible

This refers to the amount you must pay out of pocket before your insurance starts paying some of your health care expenses. The deductible resets at the beginning of the year or when you enroll in a new health insurance plan.

If your deductible is $2,000, your health insurance plan won’t cover any services until you have paid $2,000 out of pocket for the year. Someone with a high deductible and lots of medical costs could consider getting help in the form of medical loans, which are personal loans for medical and dental procedures.

Recommended: Your Guide to Insurance

Disability Benefits

If you are unable to work because of an illness or injury, the insurance company pays for lost wages. You’ll receive a portion of your income until you are able to return to work. Each policy defines what constitutes a “disability,” so you’ll need to meet those requirements and submit medical paperwork before receiving payment.

Health Insurance

Health insurance terminology 101: This is a contract that requires your health insurer to pay some or all of your health care costs in exchange for a premium.

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

An HMO is a health plan that provides health care services to members through a network of doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers.

HMOs are popular alternatives to traditional health care plans because they usually have lower-cost premiums while still offering a variety of services.

Health Savings Account (HSA)

This is pretax money you set aside to pay for qualified medical expenses. You and your employer may contribute.

One benefit of an HSA is that funds roll over if you don’t spend them by the end of the year.

Recommended: How Do I Start a Health Savings Account?

Indemnity Plan

Sometimes referred to as a fee-for-service plan, an indemnity plan allows you to go to any physician or provider you want, but requires that you pay for the services yourself and file claims in order to get reimbursed.

Mandated Benefits

This refers to the health care benefits that state or federal law say must be included in health care plans. Mandated health insurance benefit laws may require plans to cover substance abuse treatment or maternity services; cover treatment by providers like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and midwives; or include dependents and domestic partners.

Out-of-Pocket Maximum

This is when you seek out services from providers who aren’t in your HMO’s or PPO’s network. Usually, HMOs will only pay for care received within its network. If you’re in a PPO plan, you will have to pay more to receive services outside the PPO’s network.

Out-of-Network Services

This is when you seek out services from providers who aren’t in your HMO’s or PPO’s network. Usually, HMOs will only pay for care received within its network. If you’re in a PPO plan, you will have to pay more to receive services outside the PPO’s network.

Preexisting Condition

This health insurance term refers to a medical problem or illness you had before applying for health care coverage. If you have a preexisting condition, it’s a good idea to shop around and educate yourself when choosing an individual health plan.

Preferred Provider

This refers to a provider who has a contract with your health plan to provide services to you at a discount. If you have a favorite doctor, you might want to see if they are a preferred provider or “in network” for any new insurance plan.

When you’re looking to find a new physician, choosing a “preferred provider” found via the plan’s website will help keep medical costs down.

Your health insurance or plan may have preferred providers who are also “participating” providers. Participating providers can also have a contract in place with your health insurer, but you may have to pay more.

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

PPO plans provide more flexibility than HMOs when choosing a doctor or hospital. They also feature a provider network, but have fewer restrictions on seeing out-of-network providers.

PPO insurance will pay if you see a provider out of the network, though it may be at a lower rate.

PPO plans usually cost more than HMO plans.

Recommended: What Is a PPO Plan?

Premium

This is the amount paid to the insurance company to obtain or maintain an insurance policy. Usually it’s a monthly fee.

Provider Network

This is a list of all the doctors, specialists, hospitals, and other providers who agree to provide medical care to the members of an HMO or PPO.

Waiting Period

This is the time an employer may make employees wait before they are eligible for coverage under the company’s insurance plan.

The Takeaway

Do you know your HMO from your PPO and HSA? Have you looked closely at copays, deductibles, and out-of-pocket maximums? Knowing health insurance terms can help you make an informed decision when looking at health insurance policies.

When the unexpected happens, it’s good to know you have a plan to protect your loved ones and your finances. SoFi has teamed up with some of the best insurance companies in the industry to provide members with fast, easy, and reliable insurance.

Find affordable auto, life, homeowners, and renters insurance with SoFi Protect.


Auto Insurance: Must have a valid driver’s license. Not available in all states.
Home and Renters Insurance: Insurance not available in all states.
Experian is a registered trademark of Experian.
SoFi Insurance Agency, LLC. (“”SoFi””) is compensated by Experian for each customer who purchases a policy through the SoFi-Experian partnership.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Are Credit Card Rewards Taxable? Guide to Paying Taxes on Rewards

In some cases, the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) does consider credit card rewards taxable income and in some cases, they don’t tax earned rewards. Confused? Don’t worry: Read on to learn when credit card rewards are taxable income and when they aren’t.

What Are Credit Card Rewards?

To better understand how credit card rewards are taxed, it can help to know what credit card rewards are. When a consumer uses a credit card they may earn different credit card rewards, such as points, cash back, and airline miles.

Depending on their redemption value, these rewards can be worth up to hundreds if not thousands of dollars. Your cardholder agreement should outline the credit card rules for how to earn rewards using a specific credit card, as well as how to redeem them.

How the IRS Treats Credit Card Rewards

In some cases, credit card rewards are taxable; in other cases, no. Take a closer look at which types of rewards and in which scenarios credit card rewards are counted as taxable income by the IRS.

Rewards Treated as Rebates on Spending

Luckily, cash back rewards and other rewards like miles or points aren’t considered taxable income when earned by making purchases. The IRS considers these types of rewards as rebates, discounts, or bonuses rather than income.

The trick is that the cardholder has to spend a certain amount to earn a reward in order for the IRS to not classify the rewards as income. For example, if a new credit card offers $200 in cash back when the cardholder spends $2,000 within the first six months of opening their account, that $200 would not be considered taxable income.

Rewards Considered as Income

Certain rewards are considered income. The way to identify which rewards are taxable income is by looking at how they’re earned.

As mentioned previously, if someone spends money to earn rewards, those rewards won’t be taxed. If, however, someone is given a $150 gift card simply for signing up or referring a friend for a new credit card, that $150 is viewed as taxable income — because they didn’t spend any money to earn it.

When Are Credit Card Rewards Taxed?

Again, credit card rewards that aren’t earned through spending (such as some introductory bonuses) can count as income that the IRS will expect the cardholder to pay income taxes on. Some scenarios in which credit card rewards may get taxed include:

•   If you received a sign-up bonus simply for opening a credit card or account

•   If you earn a reward for referring a friend

When Your Credit Card Rewards Are Taxable

As briefly mentioned above, any monetary rewards that a cardholder didn’t earn through spending can be considered taxable income.

Let’s look at how this can work with two different credit card bonus offers. If a cardholder is offered $100 if they spend $1,500 in the first three months of having their account open and they spend enough to earn that bonus, that reward won’t count as taxable income. On the other hand, if a cardholder is offered a $100 gift card simply for opening their new account, they will need to pay income tax on the $100.

When Your Credit Card Rewards Are Not Taxable

As briefly mentioned above, credit card rewards aren’t considered taxable income if someone spends money to earn them. When a cardholder acquires the rewards (cash back, travel miles, etc.) through purchases, then those rewards are classified as a rebate or a bonus, not taxable income.

For instance, this may include:

•   Sign-up bonuses that require meeting a spending threshold

•   Rewards earned from credit card spending

•   Miles earned through travel

Are Business Credit Card Rewards Taxable?

It doesn’t matter if the rewards are earned with a personal credit card or a business credit card — the same rules surrounding income taxes apply.

Where business credit cards can affect taxes is when it comes time to take tax deductions. For example, if someone bought $2,000 worth of equipment for their business and earned $40 in cash back rewards doing so, they can only deduct $1,960 on their taxes. In other words, they can only deduct the net cost of business expenses, which cash back reduces.

How to Know If You Owe Taxes on Credit Card Rewards

It can be hard to keep track of how much taxes are owed on credit card rewards. If someone earns a bonus without having to meet a spending requirement, the credit card company might send the cardholder an IRS Form 1099: either a Form 1099-INT or Form 1099-MISC specifying the amount of income they earned.

Whether or not you receive this form, however, you’ll need to report the bonus on your income taxes. To make doing this easier, it can be helpful to keep track of any bonuses not earned through spending. That way, if the credit card issuer doesn’t send a Form 1099-INT or Form 1099-MISC, you can still complete your taxes properly.

Reviewing old statements to look for statement credits in the form of cash back or other types of rewards can be helpful.

Recommended: How to Pay Taxes With a Credit Card

Avoiding Taxes on Your Credit Card Rewards: What to Know

To avoid taxes on credit card rewards, all the cardholder has to do is not seek out credit cards that offer bonuses for simply signing up for the credit card. If the rewards are earned through spending, they won’t run into any taxes, thus allowing them to pay less tax.

The Takeaway

In general, taxes only apply to rewards that don’t require any spending to earn. If you’ll owe taxes on your rewards, the credit card issuer typically will send a Form 1099-INT or Form 1099-MISC specifying the amount of income you’ve earned and will need to report.

Being smart about credit cards and their usage is about more than just rewards, however.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

Are credit card cash back rewards taxable?

Only credit card rewards that cardholders receive without having to spend money to earn them in any way are considered taxable income. If a cardholder earns cash back for spending money using their credit card, it won’t count as taxable income.

Are loyalty points taxable?

If someone spends money to earn loyalty points (such as purchasing airline tickets), they won’t have to pay taxes on those points. If, however, they received the points simply for signing up for a credit card, that would count as taxable income that they’ll need to report.

Are credit card rewards reported to the IRS?

In some cases, yes, credit card rewards are reported to the IRS. When this happens, the credit card company might send the cardholder a Form 1099-INT or Form 1099-MISC specifying the amount of income they earned that they’ll need to report.

Do you have to pay taxes on credit card rewards?

Cardholders need to pay income taxes on credit card rewards they didn’t need to spend money to earn. If they had to spend money to earn a reward, such as cash back, that won’t count as taxable income.


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/Grayscale Studio

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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