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There is no one-size-fits-all answer to how many bank accounts you should have. The answer will likely be, “It depends”. Your personal and financial situation and goals will impact whether you have just one or two accounts or several of them with different purposes. For example, a recent college grad who is just entering the workforce will likely need fewer accounts than a self-employed person who is saving for a down payment on a house and their toddler’s future education.

There can indeed be advantages to holding multiple checking accounts or savings accounts, but having more than one or two will definitely require more of your time in terms of money management.

How Many Bank Accounts Do Most People Have?

When it comes to managing your money, many adults have, at a minimum, one checking account and one savings account at the same bank. In the journal Consumer Affairs, one landmark study found that the average American had 5.3 accounts.

That said, for most individuals, especially those who are unmarried, opening just one checking account and one savings account usually covers their basic banking needs.

With just one checking account and one savings account, you eliminate confusion and can simplify your finances. If all of your paycheck goes into your checking account using direct deposit, you can set up recurring automatic transfers into savings for the date after your payment hits.

If you automate your finances in this way, money moves into your savings account and leaves what you know you’ll need in checking until your next paycheck.

It’s also wise to keep in mind that some banks, especially the larger traditional banks vs. online banks, may charge monthly fees for checking accounts or require a minimum deposit. If you bank at one of these bricks-and-mortar financial institutions, having only two accounts can reduce the fees you’ll need to pay.

7 Reasons to Open Multiple Bank Accounts

Although two bank accounts may suit some people just fine, there are many people who may prefer or even need to open additional accounts. Among them may be those who are married or starting a family, those who are planning extended foreign travel, military personnel, freelancers, and/or business owners. For these individuals, there may be benefits to having multiple savings accounts or checking accounts for different financial needs.

1. Large Transactions

While couples do not necessarily need to share all of their finances, there are certain benefits to having a joint account for your household and family. This can be helpful, even if you still have a personal account for your own discretionary spending.

For one thing, this pooled account can help cover large monthly payments such as a mortgage, rent, or other household expenses equally.

Plus, rather than individual savings, you might want a shared savings account for emergencies, like a surprise medical bill or car trouble. Each partner might put a small amount into that fund every month, with a goal of having at least three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses covered. (You can use an online emergency fund calculator to determine what your goal amount should be.)

2. Specific Savings Goals

Having dedicated savings accounts (especially high-yield savings accounts) can also be a smart tactic to encourage you to put away money for future goals, whether that’s travel or saving up for a wedding or baby.

Some couples even prefer a shared account for debt payments (such as student loan debt or credit card debt). However, helping to pay off your partner’s debt is an important financial conversation to have before you start a new bank account for that purpose.

3. Saving for College

Saving for college is another reason parents might open an additional bank account. Can you have more than one bank account for this purpose? Of course, especially if you have more than one child.

Also, even an individual who is currently paying for school might see the benefits in having a separate checking account to manage and keep track of spending on books or other school-related costs. This would be distinct from a checking account for spending on food, clothes, and other everyday expenses.

4. Charity Donations or Family Healthcare

Other reasons people might consider opening additional bank accounts would be for charity donations or offering financial assistance to another family member, such as paying for eldercare. While there’s probably no reason why those monthly expenses can’t also be accounted for in your regular checking or savings account, keeping such things separate can improve some people’s money management.

5. Separating Finances

In some situations, partners may want to open additional accounts to keep some of their finances separate. For instance, in a married couple, you might both agree to put the majority of your paycheck into a joint checking account. However, you could each direct some of your earnings to a separate checking account for discretionary spending. For some couples, this can help keep the peace, since there’s no need to explain how much you chose to spend on new shoes or the latest cell phone model.

Or you might decide to open up different types of savings accounts to put some money into for an upcoming friends’ getaway or a similar goal.

What’s more, if one of you is starting a business (say, selling prints of your travel photos online), it would make sense to open a dedicated account for that, to keep your earnings and work-related expense payments in one place.

Recommended: How to Write a Check

6. Creating Accounts for Your Kids

If you have a child you’d like to gain financial literacy, opening an additional account with them can be a wise idea. You can open a shared account and begin teaching your kid how to put money in the bank, withdraw funds saved, and see how interest is earned.

Since those under age 18 typically can’t have their own account, this can be a good way to instill good financial habits at a young age.

7. Budgeting Is Easier

Deciding which budget is right for you can take some trial and error, and some people find that keeping track of their finances is easier with multiple accounts. For instance, if you follow the 50/30/20 budget rule, you are likely putting 50% of your take-home pay towards the “musts” of life, 30% towards the “wants,” and 20% towards savings.

In this situation, you might find it clearer and more convenient to have two checking accounts from which you pay those two types of bills. You might even name one “musts” and one “wants,” if you like.

Recommended: How Much Money Should You Have After Paying Bills?

How Many Checking Accounts Should You Have?

If you’re thinking about whether to have multiple bank accounts, keep this in mind: There’s no single right or wrong answer. While there is no need to open five new savings accounts to plan for your next five vacations, how many bank accounts you should have can depend on your ability to organize your finances.

Some individuals might find they prefer having at least one or two extra savings accounts for savings goals. These savings goals could be anything from an emergency fund, travel fund, or saving up for a car.

That emergency savings account can be critical to have, by the way, to be prepared for whatever may come your way. Whether you want this account to be a separate fund in a different bank account or part of your overall main savings account, however, is really up to you.

Potential Downsides to Having Multiple Bank Accounts

Before you start opening up additional checking and savings accounts, consider these cons:

•   You risk incurring more bank fees. Some banks will charge you account fees for each and every account you open, which can take a bite out of your funds.

•   You will have to keep track of account rules. In some cases, there are minimum balance requirements, limits on the number of withdrawals, and other guidelines that can take up brain space, not to mention involve potential charges.

•   There can be an increased chance of overdrafting. No one is perfect, and the more accounts you have, the more opportunity there is to forget about some autopayments you had set up and wind up with a negative balance. This in turn can trigger overdraft and NSF (non-sufficient funds) fees.

Why Freelancers and Business Owners May Need Separate Bank Accounts

While large businesses inevitably need their own bank accounts, sometimes smaller enterprises or even individuals with side hustles overlook creating a separate business bank account.

Some banks offer small business accounts, which can be used by freelancers, side hustlers, or small business owners. Basically, you want to make it easy on yourself to track personal and business expenses separately, and having different bank accounts helps take care of a lot of the legwork.

An additional account makes it easy to track business expenses and deductions, like shipping costs for your Etsy account or treats purchased for your dog-walking gig. Plus, with all of your business expenses in one place, you are more prepared for an audit and have a better bookkeeping record, rather than sorting through every transaction and trying to remember if that coffee you had six months ago was for a work meeting or not.

A great benefit of having another savings account for your business or freelance work is that you can set aside money specifically for taxes.

Of course, as a business owner or freelancer, it’s also important to save for tax season, which is why opening a separate business savings account can also come into play. A great benefit of having another savings account for your business or freelance work is that you can set aside money specifically for taxes.

Recommended: Business vs Personal Checking Account: What’s the Difference?

Alternate Money Management Options to Consider

Whether you are looking to open a new checking and savings account with a new bank or taking a broader look at what works best for your financial needs, there are a number of reasons to consider making a change.

A new account could offer you better rates or features, lower fees, or greater interest earnings.

Here, some options:

•   Credit unions are banks that are run as financial co-ops, meaning each member has a small stake in the business. Banking with a credit union usually allows more flexibility and lower fees. As nonprofits, they are designed to serve their members, often paying higher interest rates on deposits as well.

•   Online banks typically offer lower (or no) fees than traditional banks because they don’t have to support physical locations. They often have higher annual percentage yields (APYs) on deposits, too.

The Takeaway

There is no one answer to how many bank accounts you have. Typically, having checking and savings accounts is a wise and convenient move, but many people find they have multiple accounts. This might be to separate different income streams, save for various goals, and to differentiate personal from joint finances when, say, getting married.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Is it a good idea to have multiple bank accounts?

Whether it’s a good idea to have multiple bank accounts depends upon an individual’s personal and financial situation. A single person with a full-time job may do fine with one checking and one savings account. A married person with a day job and a side hustle, who is saving for a house and putting money aside for a child’s education, may prefer having multiple accounts to help them stay organized.

Is 3 bank accounts too many?

Three bank accounts is not necessarily too many, though it depends on a person’s situation. Having a checking account, a savings account for a down payment on a home, and a savings account for an emergency fund can be a good thing. However, if that number of accounts winds up charging too many fees or risking overdraft for the account holder, then it is possibly too many.

Do too many bank accounts hurt your credit?

Multiple bank accounts should not impact your credit. When you open a bank account, you are not requesting a line of credit, so it should not be reflected on your credit report nor should it lower your credit score.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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SOBNK-Q125-032

College financial aid includes grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans.

You apply for federal aid by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). Once submitted, students can expect to receive a financial aid award that details the type and amount of aid for which they qualify. Financial aid can be incredibly helpful when trying to finance your college education, but it’s possible that you may not receive enough to foot your tuition bill. If that’s the case, there are other options available to help you pay for your education.

Continue reading for more information on understanding your financial aid package and the options to consider should you find yourself in need of additional funding.

What Is Financial Aid?

Financial aid is financial assistance provided to students to help cover the cost of higher education, including tuition, fees, books, and living expenses. It can come from the federal government, state agencies, colleges, and private organizations. Financial aid is typically awarded based on financial need, academic merit, or other eligibility criteria.

Types of financial aid include grants, scholarships, work-study programs, and student loans. Grants and scholarships do not need to be repaid, making them the most desirable forms of aid. Work-study programs allow students to earn money while in school, while student loans must be repaid after graduation. Understanding financial aid options can help students reduce their educational costs and manage their finances effectively.

How Does Financial Aid Work?

Financial aid works by providing students with funding to help cover the costs of higher education, such as tuition, fees, books, and living expenses. Students typically begin by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) or the CSS Profile to determine their eligibility for various types of aid. Based on financial need, merit, or other qualifications, students may receive grants, scholarships, work-study opportunities, or student loans.

How Do I Apply for Financial Aid?

In order to get any financial aid package for college, the first step is generally to fill out a Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly known as FAFSA.

The FAFSA for the 2025-26 school year became available Dec. 30, 2023, and the application cycle ends on June 30, 2025. Some states and colleges have separate deadlines for the FAFSA to determine aid. Contact your school’s financial aid office for questions about the deadline for your state or school.

Filling out the FAFSA requires some basic financial and income information. If you’re a dependent student, then you’ll need your parents’ financial info as well.

All federal loans, both subsidized and unsubsidized, require a FAFSA in order to determine eligibility. Colleges may also use the FAFSA to determine their own financial aid awards and packages, based on things like the Student Aid Index and financial need.

After you fill out the FAFSA, the Office of Federal Student Aid at the U.S. Department of Education will process your FAFSA and send you a Student Aid Report (SAR), which is essentially a summary of your information. It’s usually worth reviewing this information in detail to confirm that all of the information is accurate. If you find a mistake after reviewing your SAR, you’ll likely need to update or correct your FAFSA.

The SAR will include the calculated Student Aid Index (SAI), which is how much you and/or your family can be expected to contribute personally toward your education.

Then, colleges use this information to determine eligibility for university, local, state, and federal financial aid. Sometimes schools may ask for additional information, particularly if you are applying for school-specific scholarships.

The schools will then assemble a financial aid package that could be made up of grants, loans, work-study, and other waivers, and send you an “award letter.” Reviewing your award letter carefully can help you choose the financial aid mix that is right for you.

What Are the Different Types of Financial Aid?

A financial aid package is a list of different amounts of money in different forms of loans, grants, work-study, or other tuition waivers that should add up to cover the cost of the college, minus your Student Aid Index.

Here are the different types of financial aid you may see in your financial aid package:

Grants and Scholarships

Grants and scholarships don’t have to be repaid, so they are sometimes referred to as “gift aid.” These could be school, state, or federal scholarships and grants you qualified for and were awarded.

Recommended: SoFi’s Scholarship Search Tool

Work-Study

This is part-time work you will do and be paid for. You’ll be paid at least the federal minimum wage, but depending on the job, you could earn more. Being granted work-study in your aid package does not always guarantee a job. Depending on the school you attend, you may be matched with a job or you may have to apply for and secure your own job.

Federal Student Loans

Federal loans can be either subsidized or unsubsidized, and usually have lower interest rates than private loans. There is also typically a cap on how much you can borrow.

Subsidized loans are for undergrads and are awarded based on financial need; additionally, the government pays the interest on them while you’re in school at least half-time, during your grace period, and during periods of deferment.

Unsubsidized loans are available to undergraduate and graduate students and are not awarded based on financial need. This type of loan accrues interest while a student is enrolled at least half-time, during the loan’s grace period, and during other periods of deferment.

Borrowers have the option to make interest-only payments during this time, but are not required to do so. If the interest on the student loan accrues, at the end of the deferment period it will be capitalized or added to the principal value of the loan.

There are also PLUS Loans for parents and graduate students, which are also unsubsidized.

Beyond Federal Financial Aid: Private Student Loans

Private student loans are not part of a federal financial aid package. Private student loans can be borrowed from a private lender, which typically have more stringent financial qualifications and, like federal loans, must be paid back with interest. Typically, that interest also accrues while you’re in school.

Check the terms of any private student loans you’re considering and the interest rate being offered to get a sense of how they stack up to federal loans. Federal loans also offer benefits that private student loans do not, such as income-driven repayment plans and deferment options.

In order to make the decision that’s best for you, you’ll want to compare the total cost of attendance, how much gift aid is being awarded, and the loans you’ve received and their terms. This should give you a better idea of how much any federal loans will cost you, and whether there is a gap in funding.

The total cost of college may change over a student’s enrollment, so it generally needs to be calculated each year. Consider things like fluctuation in tuition rates, federal interest rates, and your financial aid award which, among other factors, have the potential to change.

Recommended: Graduate Student Loans

What Should I Know About Financial Aid Deadlines?

Financial aid deadlines vary depending on the type of aid and the institution, so it’s crucial to stay informed and apply on time. Federal aid deadlines are set by the U.S. Department of Education, while state and institutional aid may have earlier deadlines.

For the 2025-26 academic year, the FAFSA deadline is June 30, 2025. The deadline for the CSS Profile is Feb. 17, 2025.

Some scholarships and grants operate on a first-come, first-served basis, meaning funds could run out before the deadline. Missing deadlines can result in reduced aid or lost eligibility for grants and scholarships. To ensure you receive the maximum aid available, check deadlines for the FAFSA, CSS Profile, and specific schools, and submit applications as early as possible.

How Do Schools Award Aid?

Schools award financial aid based on a combination of factors, including financial need, merit, and availability of funds. They use information from the FAFSA or CSS Profile to determine need-based aid, while scholarships and grants may be awarded for academic, athletic, or other achievements.

Schools allocate funds based on their financial aid policies, federal and state regulations, and institutional resources. Once aid is determined, students receive an award letter detailing their financial aid package, which may require acceptance and additional steps to secure funding.

When Will I Receive a Financial Aid Award Letter?

The timing of your financial aid award letter depends on when you submit the FAFSA or CSS Profile and the school’s processing timeline. Typically, students who apply early can receive their award letters as early as late winter or early spring, often between February and April.

However, some schools may issue award letters on a rolling basis, especially for students who apply later. If you’re an incoming freshman, you’ll usually receive your financial aid package shortly after your college acceptance. Returning students may receive their award letters later in the spring or early summer before the next academic year begins.

Should I Appeal a Financial Aid Award?

It is possible to appeal a financial aid package, particularly if you had a change in circumstances or if there was a gap between the cost and the award. While writing an appeal letter might be a first step if your financial aid package isn’t enough to cover the cost of college, it doesn’t guarantee your award will change.

It also might be the case that circumstances change and you lose your financial aid or portions of your award package. In these situations, there are options in addition to or besides appealing.

Recommended: A Complete Guide to Private Student Loans

The Takeaway

Your financial aid package will state the amount and types of aid you receive. Financial aid includes scholarships, grants, work-study, and federal student loans. Carefully compare your financial aid awards at each college when you are making your college decision.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What types of financial aid might be included in a financial aid package?

A financial aid package may include scholarships, grants, work-study opportunities, and federal student loans. Each type of aid has different terms and conditions, so it’s important to understand them to make informed decisions.

How can students compare financial aid packages from different colleges?

Students should carefully review each financial aid award, considering factors such as the balance between loans and grants, the total cost of attendance, and any conditions attached to the aid. This thorough comparison helps in making an informed college decision.

Why is it important to understand the components of your financial aid package?

Understanding the components of your financial aid package is crucial because it allows you to know how much financial support you’re receiving and what your financial responsibilities will be during and after your education. This knowledge aids in effective financial planning and decision-making.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q125-019

As anyone who has ever watched their bank account balance decline after paying bills knows, owing money is no fun. But debt often serves an important function in people’s lives, putting things that can cost tens of thousands of dollars or more — like a college degree or a starter home — within reach.

Such cases aren’t quite the same as racking up a high credit card balance on restaurant meals and shopping trips, underscoring that when it comes to owing money, there can be good debt and bad debt.

What Is Debt Exactly?

It’s a simple four-letter word, yet debt is often not as straightforward as it may appear. Carrying a credit card balance? That’s debt. Have a student loan or a car lease? Also debt.

When individuals owe money, they generally have to pay back more than the amount they borrowed. Most debt is subject to interest, the borrowing cost that is applied based on a percentage of money owed. Interest accrues over time, so the longer consumers take to pay off debt, the more it may cost them.

Across people and households, debts add up. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, by the third quarter of 2024, total household debt climbed to $17.94 trillion. Housing debt — specifically mortgages and mortgage refinancing — accounted for the majority of money owed, $12.59 trillion. Non-housing debt, such as credit card balances and school and car loans, accounted for the rest.

For individuals, average debt amounted to $105,056 in the fall of 2024, according to the credit reporting company Experian. While student loan debt was down, shrinking by 9.2% from the year before — many other debts, including amounts owed on credit cards, car loans, home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), and mortgages, all increased from the year before, according to Experian.

Recommended: Free Credit Score Monitoring

Good Debt vs Bad Debt

When you have debt, not only do you have to repay the money borrowed, but you also usually incur ongoing costs — specifically interest — which increase the amount you have to pay back.

While incurring more debt probably isn’t the most attractive proposition, there are occasions when taking on debt can be necessary or even beneficial in the long term. This is where good debt vs. bad debt comes in.

Though the idea of good vs. bad debt might seem complicated (and is often subject to some misconceptions), as a rule of thumb, the difference between good debt and bad debt usually has to do with the long-term results of borrowing.

Good debt is seen as money owed on expenditures that can build an individual’s finances over time, such as taking out student loans in order to increase one’s earning potential, or a mortgage on a house that is expected to appreciate in value.

Bad debt is money owed for expenses that pose no long-term value to a person’s financial standing, or that may even decrease in value by the time the loan is paid off. This can include credit card debt and car loans.

While owing money may not feel great, debt can serve some helpful functions. For starters, your credit score is used by lenders to determine eligibility and risk level when it comes to borrowing money.

Your credit score is based on your history of taking on and paying off debt, and helps to inform a lender about how risky a loan may be to issue. Your credit score can play an important role in determining not only whether a credit card or loan application will be approved but also how much interest you will be charged.

With no credit history at all, it may be harder for a lender to assess a loan application. Meanwhile, a solid track record of paying off good debt on time can help inspire confidence.

While there are no guarantees, good debt can also mean short-term pain for long-term gain. That’s because if paid back responsibly, good debt can be an investment in one’s future financial well-being, with the results ultimately outweighing the cost of borrowing.

Conversely, with bad debt, the costs of borrowing add up and may surpass the value of a loan.

What Is Considered Good Debt?

Mortgages

Like other lending products, mortgages are subject to annual interest on the principal amount owed.

In the United States, the average rate of a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was averaging 6.95% nationally in January 2025, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. That’s up from January 2024, when the average rate for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was 6.69%.

Meanwhile, data from the Federal Housing Finance Agency showed that home prices grew 4.5% from October 2023 to October 2024.

This illustrates how the potential appreciation of a home might outweigh the cost of financing. But it’s best to not assume that taking on a mortgage to buy a house will increase wealth. Things like neighborhood decline, periods of financial uncertainty, and the individual condition of a home could reduce the value of a given property.

Personal loans or home equity loans used to improve the condition of a home may also increase its value, and in such instances may also be considered “good” debt.

Recommended: Should I Sell My House Now or Wait?

Student Loans

Forty-three percent of Americans who attended college incurred some kind of education debt, with the average federal student loan debt in the U.S. coming in around $37,850, according to the office of Federal Student Aid.

Cumulative income gains may eclipse the cost of a student loan over time. But higher education may be linked with greater earnings, and cumulative income gains might eclipse the cost of a student loan over time.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median weekly earnings for a bachelor’s degree holder are $1,541, which is more than $625 greater than the median weekly pay of someone with a high school diploma.

But just as taking out a mortgage is not a sure-fire way to boost net worth, student debt is not always guaranteed to result in greater earnings. The type of degree earned and area of focus, unemployment rates, and other factors will also influence an individual’s earnings.

Recommended: Staying Motivated When Paying Off Debt

What Is Considered Bad Debt?

Credit Card Debt

Credit cards can be useful financial tools if used responsibly. They may even provide cash back or other rewards. And because interest is generally not charged on purchases until the statement becomes due, using a credit card to pay for everyday purchases need not be costly if the balance on the card is paid before the billing cycle ends.

However, credit cards are often subject to high interest rates. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the average annual interest rate for credit cards is 21.47% — but some charge rates even higher.

Credit card interest adds up, making that takeout dinner or pair of jeans far more costly than the amount shown on its price tag if a balance is carried over. For example, if you were to charge $500 in takeout food to a credit card with a 20% APR but only pay the $10 minimum each month, it would take nine years to pay off the full balance. The total amount paid — including interest — would be $1,084. That’s more than double the cost of those takeout meals!

If you’re paying down credit card debt, consider enlisting the help of a budget app from SoFi. You can use it to get spending breakdowns, credit score monitoring, and more — at no cost.

Car Loans

The dollar value of your car may not be what you think it is. Cars famously start to lose value the second you drive them off the lot. A new vehicle loses 20% or more of its value in the first year of ownership, according to Kelley Blue Book. After five years, a car purchased for $40,000 will be worth $16,000, a decrease in value of 60%.

But a car may also be necessary for getting around. For some individuals, owning a car can also help them earn or boost income, reducing or negating depreciation.

The Takeaway

Both good debt and bad debt can be stressful — and both types of debt can be more costly than they need to be if you don’t keep tabs on what you owe and pay back loans efficiently. A digital tracker could be the remedy.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

What is the difference between good debt and bad debt?

Debt that allows you to build finances over time or increase your earning potential can be considered good debt. On the other hand, if debt doesn’t increase your net worth, has no long-term value to your financial standing, and you don’t have the money to pay for it, then it qualifies as bad debt.

What are some examples of bad debt?

Credit card debt and car loans are two common types of bad debt.

What is an example of good debt?

Taking out a student loan or a mortgage on a house that’s expected to increase in value are two examples of good debt.

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Freezing your credit involves contacting the credit bureaus online, by phone, or by mail to lock down your information for free.

Credit cards and personal information can (and do) get hacked or stolen. Because of this unfortunate reality, it’s important to know how to freeze your credit. A credit freeze can help prevent identity theft or obstruct bad actors from taking out new loans or accounts in a borrower’s name.

Once you know how to freeze (and unfreeze) your credit, it can be quite useful in the right situations.

What Is a Credit Freeze?

A credit freeze, also known as a security freeze, allows individuals to limit access to their individual credit report. By freezing their credit, the person makes it more difficult for an identity thief to open a new credit account or loan in their name. This is due to the fact that creditors generally review credit reports before okaying new lines of credit, known as a hard credit inquiry.

However, freezing one’s credit does not prevent a person from viewing their free annual credit report. Moreover, it won’t restrict a person from opening a new account in their own name. They’ll simply need to unfreeze their credit to do so (more on unfreezing later).

Recommended: What’s the Difference Between a Hard and Soft Credit Check?

What Does Freezing Credit Actually Do?

A credit freeze does not actually freeze all outstanding accounts, such as credit cards and loans. Instead, it simply limits others from viewing a person’s credit reports. Under a credit freeze, only a limited number of entities will still be able to view a person’s file, including creditors for accounts that individual already holds and certain government agencies.

This means that credit bureaus can’t give out personal information about a borrower with a frozen account to new lenders, landlords, hiring managers, or credit card companies. Typically, this halts the lending, renting, and hiring process — as well as anyone attempting to steal a person’s identity and open a new account in their name.

Freezing Credit: What’s the Process?

If a person wants to freeze their credit, they need to reach out to at least the three major credit bureaus:

•   Equifax : 1-888-298-0045

•   Experian® : 1-888-397-3742

•   TransUnion® : 1-888-916-8800

People can take it one step further by reaching out to two lesser-known credit bureaus, Innovis (866-712-4546) and the National Consumer Telecom & Utilities Exchange (866-349-5355).

Typically, the agencies will ask for a Social Security number, birth date, and other information confirming a person’s identity prior to freezing their account. The bureaus will then give the person a password, which they may use to unfreeze their account. Make sure to store this information in a safe place.

Recommended: Biweekly Savings Challenge

Does Freezing Credit Cost Anything?

It costs nothing to freeze and unfreeze one’s credit. This is thanks to the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, which mandates that credit bureaus must offer the service free of charge to everyone.

The credit bureaus must fulfill the request within one business day when a consumer requests a freeze through any method aside from mail. When consumers request to lift the freeze by phone or online, however, the credit bureaus must do so within one hour. This frees up the consumer to quickly do what they may need to do, whether that’s applying for a new apartment or one of the various types of personal loans.

Differences Between a Credit Lock and a Credit Freeze

A credit lock works in much the same way as a credit freeze, allowing consumers to protect their credit reports against bad actors and scammers. But, a credit lock can come with a bit more convenience, as borrowers can opt to open and close their locked credit via an app (rather than needing to reach out to each credit bureau with their password to unfreeze it).

While a credit freeze is complimentary thanks to the federal mandate, a credit lock may require paying a small fee. For example, Equifax offers credit locks for free, while Experian offers credit lock as part of a paid subscription.

Just as you’d crunch the savings numbers with a personal loan calculator, make sure to weigh the costs and benefits between these two options as well.

When to Consider a Credit Freeze

It’s really up to individual consumers and their own risk tolerance to decide when it’s time to freeze their credit report. That being said, if a person isn’t actively shopping for a personal loan or a new credit card, for instance, it may be a good idea to freeze their credit preemptively. This way, a consumer can feel a bit more confident that their credit information is in safe hands.

Another time to consider a credit freeze is when a borrower believes their personal data may have been breached, or if their Social Security number was recently disclosed, made public, or stolen.

How to Unfreeze Your Credit

Unfreezing credit is simple. All a consumer has to do is reach out to the credit bureaus by phone or online and plug in the password or PIN provided to them when they first froze their credit. Generally, it takes a few minutes for the account to become unfrozen.

A person can choose to unfreeze their report at one or all of the credit bureaus, but they will have to contact each individual credit bureau separately. They also need to go through the entire process again if they ever want to refreeze their credit down the road.

Individuals can ask to unfreeze their credit for a specific amount of time, such as if they are applying for and hoping to get approved for a personal loan or need someone else to access their account temporarily. Then, the freeze should return automatically when that period ends.

Alternatives to Freezing Credit

While not overly complex, freezing and unfreezing one’s credit can be time-consuming. Additional options are available to consumers.

Setting Up Credit Monitoring

Those who aren’t interested in freezing their accounts might instead consider signing up for a credit monitoring service. While these services charge a fee, they’ll alert users to any and all activity on their credit report. So, any time someone requests information, the person would find out and could then confirm or deny the authenticity of the request.

This could help stop any potential identity theft in its tracks. Still, it should be noted that this service cannot fully prevent theft, and the consumer may not know their identity was stolen until after the fact.

Requesting a Credit Report

For those interested in monitoring their credit for free, it’s possible to get a free copy of one’s credit report each year from all of the major credit bureaus, and possibly even more often. The consumer might then review the report, in detail, to ensure they recognize all of the activity and accounts described.

If the consumer spots anything out of line, they can then take steps to flag and fix it.

Consolidating Credit Card Debt

Another way that some consumers choose to keep track of their credit is by consolidating credit card debt with a personal loan from a private lender. Taking out an unsecured personal loan could help substantially lower the amount a person pays each month to different credit card companies.

By consolidating credit card debt into a single personal loan — one of the common uses for personal loans — a borrower may be able to take advantage of a single fixed-rate debt rather than juggling several high-interest rate cards. Additionally, having a single loan to repay each month can make it easier to monitor payment activity.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

The Takeaway

If you are considering freezing your credit, this can be done for free with the credit bureaus. This can help protect your credit from unauthorized access and identity theft. Typically, you can freeze your credit online, by phone, or by mail and unfreeze it as well, with your file being accessible within an hour. Freezing your credit can help if you are seeking to protect your personal data and better control your personal finances.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

Is freezing your credit a good idea?

If you think your personal information or identity has been compromised (say, through a data breach), it could be wise to freeze your credit to protect you from unauthorized access to your credit report.

What is the easiest way to freeze my credit?

You can freeze (and then unfreeze) your credit report with each of the three major credit bureaus. You can do this online, by phone, or by mail. Of these options, online may be the fastest option.

How much does it cost to do a credit freeze?

It’s free to freeze your credit with the credit bureaus Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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More than 50% of students who earn a bachelor’s degree graduate college with some debt. The average student loan debt, including federal and private loans, is $38,375. The key to paying down that debt quickly is to stay organized. If you have a mix of federal and private loans (with different payment plans, interest rates, and due dates), however, that’s easier said than done.

Unfortunately, one late payment can tarnish your credit history. Before you get into any trouble, it is a good idea to put together a system and a plan for making payments and keeping track of your loans. The following tips and strategies can help.

Understanding Your Student Loans

If you’re like many borrowers, you may have a combination of different types of student loans. Each type has different benefits and features, so it’s important to understand how federal and private student loans work, and to take note of each loan’s amount, interest rate, and payment requirements.

If you’re not sure what type of federal student loans you have, you can log on to StudentAid.gov and select “My Aid” in the dropdown menu under your name. There you can find:

•   Your student loan amounts and balances

•   Your loan servicer(s) and their contact information

•   Your interest rates

•   Your current loan status (e.g., repayment, in default, etc.)

The government’s database won’t tell you about private loans, though. For that, you can get details from the bank or lender where you obtained the loan. If you completely lost track of what private loans you have, you can check your credit report. You can get a free credit report at AnnualCreditReport.com.

Understand Loan Repayment Options

Federal student loans offer multiple payment options. If you don’t choose a specific plan, you’ll automatically be placed on the 10-year standard repayment plan, which could be a good choice if you’re looking to save on interest. Other options include the Extended Payment Plan and Graduated Repayment Plan.

If you want lower monthly payments and student loan forgiveness, you might want to apply for an income-driven repayment plan. With these plans, your payment amount is a percentage of your discretionary income (typically 10% to 20%). After making payments for 20 or 25 years, any remaining loan balance is forgiven.

Private student loans generally offer less flexibility, but you likely had a choice of a few different repayment plans when you initially borrowed the loan. Typically, lenders will let you choose a loan term between five and 20 years when you first sign for a student loan. If you’re not happy with the terms, you may want to consider student loan refinancing, which could potentially help you get a new loan with a lower interest rate and more favorable terms.

Organizing Your Loan Information

If you’re feeling overwhelmed by your student loans, these tips can help you get organized and make the repayment process simpler and less stressful.

Gather Your Documents

An important first step toward keeping track of your student loans is to gather all of your documents and keep them in one place (such as a three-ring binder or file folders). These documents may include:

•   Financial aid award letters

•   Promissory notes (legal contracts detailing the terms that you received when you originally signed for your student loans)

•   Disclosure documents (which include information about rates, fees, disbursement dates, and amounts)

•   Monthly billing statements and emails from your loan servicers
As any mail comes in regarding your loans, be sure to add it to your binder or file system.

Create a Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet allows you to have all of the details of your student loans summarized in one place. You could use something like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets, or just a regular computer document. Details you may want to include in your master spreadsheet:

•   Name of the federal loan and whether it is subsidized or unsubsidized

•   Name of the private lender (if applicable)

•   Name and contact details of the lender or loan servicer

•   Total amount borrowed

•   Term of the loan

•   Interest rate (this can help you decide which loans you should pay off first)

•   Payment due date

•   Current loan balance (this will go down as you update your spreadsheet)

With all your loan details in one place, you’ll likely find it easier to stay on top of your student loans. It’s also a good idea to take a few minutes every month to update the columns to reflect the latest status of every loan.

Recommended: Tips to Lower Your Student Loan Payments

Sign Up for Autopay

If you have a job with a steady income, you may want to set up autopay for all of your loan payments. Since your payments will be automatically taken from your bank account, you won’t have to worry about missing a payment or getting hit with a late fee. Plus, you’ll receive a 0.25% interest rate deduction on your federal loans. Many private lenders will also lower your interest rate by .25% to .50% when you enroll in autopay. This can add up to substantial savings over the life of your loan.

You’ll want to be careful, however, that you have sufficient funds in your bank account. If you don’t, you will have to manually adjust your payment amount accordingly.

Organize Your Login Details

Organizing your login details for each student loan website can save you a lot of time and frustration in the coming years. It also makes it quick and easy to check in on your loans and track your repayment progress.

You can go old school and simply write down all of your usernames and passwords on a piece of paper and store the document in a secure place. Or, you might choose to go more high-tech and use a password manager app or website (such as Dashlane or 1Password) or a built-in manager like Apple’s Keychain. This can save you the headache of repeatedly trying — and failing — to access your accounts.

Utilize Online Tools and Apps

There are free websites and online student loan trackers that can help you stay on top of your student loans. There are also apps that specialize in managing and paying off loans easily. Some you might want to check out:

•   Undebt.it This free app can help you eliminate all debt, not just student loans. Once you enter your loan information, you can see how quickly you can pay them off using the debt snowball or debt avalanche strategy, as well as the amount that you’ll save on interest over the life of each loan.

•   Debt Payoff Assistant This free iPhone app lets you view all of your debts in one place. Simply enter your loan information and the dashboard will break down your different types of debts and your total amount of debt. You can then use the app to see how much you’ll save using the debt snowball payoff method.

•   Changed You link your credit or debit card to the app and every time you make a purchase, the app rounds it up to the nearest dollar and puts the change into your Changed account. Once you reach a certain threshold, that money gets deposited to your student loan provider. The app also offers a dashboard that lets you see all your loans in one place. (There is a fee starting at $4 a month.)

Recommended: 6 Strategies to Pay off Student Loans Quickly

Simplify Your Loans by Refinancing

When you refinance your student loans, you combine your federal and/or private loans into one private loan with a single monthly payment. This can simplify repayment and might be a smart move if your credit score and income can qualify you for lower interest rates.

With a refinance, you can also change your repayment terms. You might choose a shorter term to pay off your student loans faster. Or, you might go with a longer repayment term to lower your monthly payments (note: you may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term).

If you’re considering a refinance, keep in mind that refinancing federal loans with a private lender disqualifies you from government benefits and protections, such as income-driven repayment plans and generous forbearance and deferment programs.

The Takeaway

When it comes to paying off your student loans, knowledge is power. So a great first step is to take inventory of all the loans you have, noting the loan amounts, interest rates, payment amounts, and due dates. Other ways to stay organized include: storing all of your loan paperwork and mail in one place, creating a master student loan spreadsheet, and using technology (like apps and loan platforms) to help you track your progress and pay off your loans faster.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.