MoneyLL Archives

Dec

2024

What Does FUD Mean?

By Brian Nibley | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

FUD stands for “fear, uncertainty, and doubt” and refers to a general mindset of pessimism about a particular asset or market, as well as the manipulation of investor or consumer emotions so that they succumb to FUD.

While the term “fear, uncertainty, and doubt” has been in circulation for a century or so, it became popular as the abbreviation FUD in the 1970s — and widely known more recently, thanks to the highly volatile crypto markets. FUD is also used throughout finance and can apply to any asset class.

Here’s what you need to know about FUD now.

Key Points

• FUD, which stands for “fear, uncertainty, and doubt,” describes negative investor sentiment that can lead to impulsive decision-making in financial markets.

• Distinguishing between FUD and FOMO (fear of missing out) is crucial, as FUD represents collective fear while FOMO reflects collective greed during market fluctuations.

• The history of FUD dates back to the 1920s and gained traction in the 1970s as a tactic to influence consumer behavior through misinformation.

• In the cryptocurrency arena, FUD can refer to both deliberate attempts to manipulate prices and general skepticism about the asset class stemming from negative news.

• The impact of FUD can lead to significant market reactions, as exaggerated or misleading information spreads rapidly, influencing investor behavior during volatile periods.

What Does FUD Mean in Investing?

Investment strategies based on fear, uncertainty, and doubt are not usually recommended. Sometimes FUD might be justified, but in general, the term is used to describe irrational, overwhelming negative sentiment in the market.

Many investors have concrete or pragmatic fears and doubts. Some investors worry that they’ve invested too little or too late (or both). Others might fear a total market meltdown. Some investors worry that an unforeseen factor could impact their investments. These are ordinary, common concerns.

FUD is different, and it’s important to understand what FUD is. When investors talk about FUD, they’re referring to rumors and hype that spread through media (and social media) that drive impulsive and often irrational investor decisions. Think about the meme stock craze.

Thus the term FUD can often have a demeaning edge, in the sense that it refers to these unpredictable waves of investor behavior.

FUD vs FOMO: What Is the Difference?

What is FUD in stocks or the stock market? FUD can be thought of as the opposite of FOMO (fear of missing out). While FOMO tends to inspire people to do what others are doing — often in that they don’t want to miss out on a hot stock and potential gains — FUD can be described as a collective negative effect that spreads like wildfire, typically through social media.

When markets are going up, many people fall victim to FOMO trading, but when markets are going down, FUD can also spread swiftly. In the most basic sense, you could think of it like this: FUD equals fear and FOMO equals greed.

The two can sometimes be contrary indicators. In other words, when FUD seems to be everywhere, astute investors might actually be buying assets at reduced prices (aka buying the dip), and when many people are experiencing FOMO, seasoned traders might actually be selling at a premium.

Crypto traders offer a counter to FUD by using the term “hodl.” The hodl meaning is interpreted as “hold on for dear life.” Hodl comes from an old Reddit post where an investor posted a rant about having trouble timing the market, while misspelling the word “hold” several times.

The phrase was initially used in reference to Bitcoin but can apply to different types of cryptocurrency.

What Does FUD Mean in Crypto?

While FUD is often associated with investor sentiment in the crypto markets, the phrase “fear, uncertainty, and doubt” actually has a much longer history than many people realize.

The History of FUD

The general term “fear, uncertainty, and doubt” has been around for decades, and the use of FUD gained traction in marketing, sales, and public relations, through the 1980s and 1990s.

More recently, FUD has taken on a broader connotation in investing circles — particularly in the crypto markets — referring to the potential many investors have to succumb to sudden anxiety or pessimism that changes their behavior.

FUD and Crypto

In crypto, FUD has become a well-known crypto term, and it means one of two things:

1. To spread doubt about a particular token or project in an attempt to manipulate prices downward.

2. The general skepticism and cynicism about crypto as an asset class, and any related news/events. Even the rumor of a negative event possibly happening can generate FUD.

Again, FUD is not strictly relegated to the crypto space, but in recent years, it’s perhaps most commonly used when discussing crypto.

FUD Crypto and Memes

Crypto FUD also tends to involve the spreading of memes that can either amplify or lessen the FUD’s effect. Sometimes FUD being spread by the media is widely seen as trivial, in which case memes making fun of the idea might pop up. Or, if the FUD is perceived as more legitimate, memes making fun of those not taking the threat seriously might start circulating.

When Can FUD Occur?

FUD can occur whenever prices are falling or a big event happens that’s widely thought to be bearish. A company could miss earnings expectations or it could be revealed that an influential investor has taken a short position against a stock. Or the FUD could come from a larger source, like a pandemic, natural disaster, or the threat of a government defaulting on its debt.

The more catastrophic something could theoretically be, and the greater uncertainty surrounding its outcome, the more it becomes a suitable subject for people to spread FUD.
Sometimes markets react swiftly across the board to such news. Other times people take things out of context or exaggerate them, creating a sort of fake news buzz to scare others into selling.

In stocks and other regulated securities, it’s against the law to spread FUD with the intention of lowering prices. Doing so is considered to be a form of market manipulation and could subject individuals to legal action from regulatory agencies like the SEC, FINRA, or FINCEN.

As not all cryptocurrencies have been definitively classified as securities by all regulatory agencies, there is still some gray area. The idea that many altcoins could one day be deemed securities has itself become a big topic of FUD, because it would have a big impact on the regulatory landscape surrounding crypto

FUD Crypto Examples

Here are a few well-known examples of FUD in crypto. These examples show FUD at its finest. There are elements of truth to them, but the idea is that their detrimental impacts to asset prices are exaggerated to the point of hysteria.

China Banning Bitcoin

This might be one of the best examples of FUD in crypto, and perhaps the one that has been the subject of more memes and Twitter rants than any other.

At many points in recent years, officials in China have claimed to ban Bitcoin in one way or another. Of course, a real, comprehensive “ban” on Bitcoin would be a one-time event. What really happens is the Chinese government introduces some kind of restrictions for individuals or organizations involved in crypto markets, and media outlets report the event as a “ban on Bitcoin.”

In 2021, China really did make Bitcoin mining illegal in the country. Even so, markets shrugged off the event over time.

Government Regulation

Regulatory concerns coming from any national government can be a big source of fear, uncertainty, and doubt. Because crypto markets are still somewhat new, many countries have yet to adopt regulatory frameworks around crypto that provide specific rules around the use and taxation of cryptocurrencies.

Several countries have tried to make any use of crypto illegal, while others make public statements about harsh restrictions coming down the line. Whether the threat is real or perceived, the mere suggestion of governments cracking down on crypto transactions tends to spook investors.

The Fear of Lost Crypto

Nothing stokes investors’ fears like the idea of investment losses, but with crypto there’s the even greater dread of actually losing your coins. Unfortunately, there is some truth to that anxiety, in that there are notable cases of crypto being lost and never recovered, usually because someone loses the private keys that gave them access to their crypto.

Unfortunately, because crypto is decentralized, investors’ assets aren’t protected the same way they would be in traditional, centralized banking systems. (While it’s theoretically possible that all your cash money could vanish from your bank overnight, it’s highly improbable. And even if it did, you’d have the benefit of FDIC insurance.)

Influential Crypto Tweets

Another example of FUD includes some social media posts by famous people that had an immediate impact on a given type of crypto.

It’s important to remember that FUD moments don’t last, and the impact of a single power person on the price of a certain coin — even if it roiled markets for a period of time — was temporary.

Corporate Crypto Assets

In the last couple of years, several big corporations have launched, or announced plans to launch, a proprietary form of crypto. Unfortunately, it’s not that easy to get a new crypto off the ground — despite the many comparisons between the crypto markets and the frontiers of the Wild West — and the failure of at least one high-profile coin helped to sow FUD for some investors.

Solar Storms

Because crypto is digital, a great deal of FUD stems from technology-based fears that random events could take down electrical grids and effectively wipe out crypto holdings. One such FUD-inducing rumor is about the possibility of Earth being zapped by solar storms, but the scientific validity of this has yet to be confirmed.

The Takeaway

Crypto FUD is one of many crypto terms that have become popular, but the underlying concept — that fear, uncertainty, and doubt can influence investor behavior — is not new. In fact, FUD as an actual strategy exists in many spheres, including marketing, sales, public relations, politics (and of course crypto).

FUD can come from anywhere and be focused on just about anything, but crypto can be particularly vulnerable to FUD because this market is already quite volatile. It’s also a very new sector, and some investors don’t fully understand the technology involved, and they can be manipulated by alarmist rumors or even celebrity opinions.

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FAQ

Who uses FUD?

Some FUD arises naturally from market movements or economic conditions. Some FUD is deliberately cooked up to instill enough fear in the markets that investors make impulsive decisions, e.g. selling one type of crypto for another.

Why does FUD matter?

It’s important for investors to understand the concept of FUD so that they don’t get caught in the inevitable waves of negativity that can lead some people to panic and make poor choices.

What Counts as FUD?

Ordinary fears and concerns about market performance, or an investor’s personal long-term goals, don’t count as FUD. FUD refers to a broader market or crypto phenomenon, where highly negative information goes viral and causes investors to panic.

Photo credit: iStock/dolgachov

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

CRYPTOCURRENCY AND OTHER DIGITAL ASSETS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

Cryptocurrency and other digital assets are highly speculative, involve significant risk, and may result in the complete loss of value. Cryptocurrency and other digital assets are not deposits, are not insured by the FDIC or SIPC, are not bank guaranteed, and may lose value.

All cryptocurrency transactions, once submitted to the blockchain, are final and irreversible. SoFi is not responsible for any failure or delay in processing a transaction resulting from factors beyond its reasonable control, including blockchain network congestion, protocol or network operations, or incorrect address information. Availability of specific digital assets, features, and services is subject to change and may be limited by applicable law and regulation.

SoFi Crypto products and services are offered by SoFi Bank, N.A., a national bank regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. SoFi Bank does not provide investment, tax, or legal advice. Please refer to the SoFi Crypto account agreement for additional terms and conditions.

¹Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

SOIN-Q324-017

Dec

2024

Implied Volatility vs Historical Volatility

By Dan Miller | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

Whether you are a new investor or a seasoned trader, it’s common to hear the word “volatility” when discussing the movements of a stock price or index. More volatile stocks tend to have larger swings in value, both up and down.

There are two forms of volatility, however. Historical volatility, which measures past price movements, and implied volatility, which estimates future price fluctuations based on options pricing. It’s crucial for participants in these markets to understand the difference between implied vs historical volatility.

Key Points

• Historical volatility measures the range of returns on a market index or security over a given time period.

• Traders use historical volatility to set stop-loss levels and analyze riskiness.

• Historical volatility is different from implied volatility, which is forward-looking.

• Implied volatility measures expected future volatility based on options prices, reflecting market expectations.

• Higher implied volatility tends to lead to higher options premiums since the price is more likely to jump to a trader’s advantage (or disadvantage).

Historical Volatility Definition

As the name suggests, historical volatility measures a stock’s price as compared to its average, or mean. The most popular way to calculate a stock’s historical volatility is by calculating the standard deviation of its price movements during a period of time.

Investors use historical volatility to get an idea of how likely the stock is to make large movements in price. A stock with higher volatility may indicate elevated risk, because there is a higher potential that the stock’s price could rise or drop significantly.

Highly volatile investments purchased with leveraged accounts can create additional risk. On the other hand, a stock with higher historical volatility could also be potentially more rewarding, since there is also a possibility that the stock’s price could make a big jump upward (or downward). Stocks may become more volatile during times of recession or uncertainty.

Investors measure a stock’s historical volatility as a percentage of the stock’s price, and not as an absolute number. That makes it easier to compare historical volatility between stocks — even if they have very different values — while assessing investment opportunities. When comparing the volatility of stocks, it’s important to look at them during the same time period.

Implied Volatility Definition

Implied volatility measures a stock’s expected future price fluctuations, derived from options prices, and is commonly used by traders to assess market uncertainty. While historical volatility is backward-looking, implied volatility attempts to quantify a stock’s volatility going forward.

Implied volatility reflects the prices of the options contracts associated with a particular stock. Options traders often assess implied volatility using metrics like Vega, one of the Greeks in options trading, which measures how sensitive an option’s price is to changes in implied volatility.

A stock with a higher implied volatility generally has options contracts with higher premiums. This is because there is more uncertainty around the direction of the underlying stock.

Historical vs Implied Volatility

Although both implied volatility and historical volatility measure the volatility of stocks, they measure it in different ways. Historical volatility reflects the past price movements of a particular stock or index, while implied volatility gauges future expectations of price movements based on the prices of options contracts. Traders use implied volatility when they are determining the extrinsic value of an option.

When to Use Historical vs Implied Volatility

Historical volatility is used for assessing a stock’s past price movements. It demonstrates a stock’s value fluctuation over a specific period, and may provide an idea of the risk associated with it. Investors use historical volatility to gauge the potential for future price swings based on historical data.

Implied volatility may help an investor evaluate options pricing or forecast potential future price movements. This figure reflects the market’s expectations for future volatility, based on the prices of options contracts. Traders often use implied volatility to determine whether options are overpriced or underpriced relative to expected price movements.

For example, a trader could look at options with implied volatility that differs from its historical volatility. If an option’s implied volatility is lower than the historical volatility of the underlying stock, that may be a signal of an undervalued option premium.

Comparing Implied and Historical Volatility

Here is a quick summary of the differences between historical and implied volatility:

Historical Volatility:

Historical volatility is used to analyze a stock’s past price movements, regardless of whether the investor is purchasing the stock itself or trading its options. It can help assess the stock’s risk or potential for large price swings, which is valuable for both stock investors and options traders.

Implied Volatility:

Implied volatility is specific to options because it’s derived from options prices, reflecting the market’s expectations of future volatility. Implied volatility isn’t just for options traders, however. It can also be useful for stock traders as an indicator of market sentiment about the stock’s future price movements.

Historical Volatility	Implied Volatility
Calculated using the historical prices of a stock or index	Determined indirectly based on the prices of options contracts
Used by investors as well as traders to analyze a stock’s movements	Used primarily for options and based on options prices, which are based on market expectations of volatility
Measures past performance based on historical data	Projects future performance, representing an indicator of future volatility

How to Use Implied and Historical Volatility Together

Because implied volatility and historical volatility measure different things, it can be useful to employ them both. The historical volatility of a given stock or index will measure how much the price has historically moved up and down. If you’re interested in investing in options for a stock, you can look at how its historical volatility compares to the implied volatility denoted by the prices of its options contracts.

One way you can incorporate some of these ideas into your trading strategies is through a volatility skew. A volatility skew depends on the difference in implied volatility between options contracts that are in the money, at the money, and out of the money.

Another relevant concept when it comes to implied volatility is a volatility smile, a graphic representation of the strike prices and the implied volatility of options with the same underlying asset and expiration date.

💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

The Takeaway

Options traders often look at both historical and implied volatility when determining their options trading strategy. You may also use these tools while investing, or you might look at other factors to evaluate potential investments.

SoFi’s options trading platform offers qualified investors the flexibility to pursue income generation, manage risk, and use advanced trading strategies. Investors may buy put and call options or sell covered calls and cash-secured puts to speculate on the price movements of stocks, all through a simple, intuitive interface.

With SoFi Invest® online options trading, there are no contract fees and no commissions. Plus, SoFi offers educational support — including in-app coaching resources, real-time pricing, and other tools to help you make informed decisions, based on your tolerance for risk.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

FAQ

How is implied volatility calculated from historical volatility?

The historical volatility of a stock or index reflects the changes in historical stock prices. It is often, but not always, calculated as the standard deviation of a stock’s price movements. Implied volatility is not calculated directly from historical data. Rather, it is derived from the market prices of options contracts for the underlying stock.

Is there a difference between implied and realized volatility?

Realized volatility is another name for the historical volatility of a stock. So while implied and realized volatility both measure how volatile a stock is, they have different definitions, and investors use them in different ways.

Photo credit: iStock/kupicoo

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN-Q324-065

Dec

2024

What Is Historical Volatility & How Do You Use It?

A Guide to Historical Volatility

By Mike Zaccardi, CMT, CFA | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off

Historical volatility (HV) measures the range of returns on a market index or security over a given time period. When an asset’s historical volatility is going up, that means its price is moving further away from its average (in either direction) more quickly than usual.

A stock’s historical volatility is commonly expressed as one standard deviation using daily returns, and it’s one factor that investors often look at to gauge the risk of a potential investment. An asset’s historical volatility is different from its implied volatility. Read on to learn what historical volatility is, how historical volatility works, and how to calculate historical volatility.

Key Points

• Historical volatility measures deviations from a stock’s average price over a period of time.

• The historical volatility of a stock is typically calculated using the standard deviation of daily returns.

• Historical volatility is expressed as a percentage, but differs from forward-looking implied volatility.

• High historical volatility suggests larger price swings, while low volatility indicates smaller movements.

• Traders may use historical volatility alongside implied volatility — which indicates the expected future volatility of an option’s underlying asset — to inform their trading strategy or assess a security’s riskiness.

What Is Historical Volatility?

Historical volatility measures how much the price of a stock or index goes up and down over a certain period. Investors calculate historical volatility by measuring how much an asset’s price deviates from its average price during a certain time period. Historical volatility typically looks at daily returns, but some investors use it to look at intraday price changes.

Analysts can use any number of trading days when calculating historical volatility, but options traders typically focus on a time period between 10 and 180 days to balance capturing short-term fluctuations with longer-term trends. Options traders may use historical volatility and implied volatility when analyzing trading ideas.

Historical volatility is typically expressed as a percentage that reflects the standard deviation from the average price, based on past price behavior. But there are also other methods they can use to determine an asset’s historical volatility. For example, unstable daily price changes often result in high historical volatility readings.

How Historical Volatility Works

Historical volatility, expressed as a percentage, tracks how much a stock’s price fluctuates in relation to its average price during a certain period. This is usually calculated using the standard deviation of past price returns, which is then demonstrated as an annualized figure.

When a stock sees large daily price swings compared to its history, it will typically have a historical volatility reading. Historical volatility does not measure direction; it simply indicates the deviation from an average.

When a stock’s historical volatility is rising or above average, it means daily price changes are larger than normal. When it is lower than average, a stock or index has been relatively calm.

How Historical Volatility is Calculated

The historical volatility formula is typically a standard deviation measurement. It typically takes a stock’s daily price changes and averages them over a period. There are several steps to calculating historical volatility:

1. Collect historical prices.

2. Calculate the average price over the chosen period.

3. Find the difference between each day’s price change and the average price.

4. Square those differences.

5. Find the sum of those squared differences (this finds the squared deviations).

6. Divide the sum by the total number of prices (this finds the variance).

7. Calculate the square root of the variance.

You can then calculate the annualized volatility of a stock in two ways:

• Daily returns: multiply the standard deviation by the square root of 252 (the approximate number of trading days per year)

• Monthly returns: multiply the standard deviation by the square root of 12 (the number of months per year)

Working through the historical volatility formula can be a lengthy process, but most brokerage platforms will automatically calculate it for you. Many brokers even offer historical volatility charts. With a historical volatility chart, you can easily compare changes through time.

For example, if a stock reacted sharply to an earnings release, its historical volatility charts may show a jump right after the earnings date, while implied volatility might drop sharply as the market makes adjustments to its expectations following the earnings results. Implied volatility measures market expectations of price fluctuations for a certain asset in the future, which is reflected in how its options are priced.

How to Use Historical Volatility

Traders may use historical volatility when analyzing a stock, fund, or index to get a sense of its riskiness. High or low historical volatility stocks are not inherently bullish or bearish. Day traders might seek high historical volatility stocks as candidates for high-profit trading opportunities (but they also come with high loss potential).

Traders sometimes use historical volatility to help set stop-loss levels, which are predetermined prices at which a trade will automatically close to limit losses. For example, a day trader might use three times a stock’s daily average range – a measure of historical volatility – to set a stop price. This is known as volatility ratio trading.

You can also use historical volatility to help determine whether a stock’s options are expensive to help determine an options trading strategy. If implied volatility is extremely high when compared to a stock’s historical volatility, traders may decide that options on the stock are undervalued and suitable as an investment.

Historical volatility can help traders understand the potential range of price movements, which may inform their risk management strategies and decisions about position sizing or exit points.

Historical vs Implied Volatility

Like historical volatility, implied volatility measures fluctuations in an underlying stock or index over a period of time, but there are key differences between the two indicators. Implied volatility is a forward-looking indicator of a stock’s future volatility.

The higher the historical volatility, the more risk-prone the security has been in the past. Implied volatility, on the other hand, uses option pricing to arrive at a calculation and estimate of future volatility. If implied volatility is significantly less than a stock’s historical volatility, traders typically anticipate a relatively stable period of trading, and vice versa.

Typically, when implied volatility is low, options tend to also be priced lower, which may make them more appealing to buyers who seek to capitalize on potential future price movements. Sometimes investors will use a graph to determine how an option’s implied volatility changes relative to its strike price, using a volatility smile.

Historical Volatility	Implied Volatility
Measures past price data to gauge volatility on a security.	Uses forward-looking option-pricing data to gauge expected future volatility on a security.
Higher historical volatility often leads to higher options pricing and higher implied volatility.	Imminent news, like a company earnings report or a key economic data point, may drive implied volatility higher on a stock or index.
May inform traders’ risk management strategies and decisions about position sizing or exit points.	Traders may use implied volatility to find stocks expected to exhibit the biggest price swings.

The Takeaway

Historical volatility can be a useful indicator for both institutional and retail investors looking to monitor the level and frequency of a stock or index’s price fluctuations. It measures a security’s dispersion of returns over a defined period. Implied volatility is a similar tool, but it is forward-looking and uses option pricing to arrive at its output.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

FAQ

What is considered a good number for historical volatility?

It depends. Although one stock might have a high historical volatility reading, perhaps above 100%, another steady stock might have a low figure around 20%. The key is to understand the securities you trade. Historical volatility can be an indicator of a stock’s volatility, but unforeseen risks can make future volatility drastically different than the historical trend.

What is a historical volatility ratio?

The historical volatility ratio compares short-term and long-term historical volatility as a percentage of the price of a financial asset. You can interpret the historical volatility ratio by looking at short versus long historical volatility. If short volatility on a stock drops below a threshold percentage of its long volatility, a trader might think there will be a jump in future volatility soon.

This is similar to analyzing volatility skew in options. It is important to remember that the interpretation and technical rules of historical volatility can be subjective by traders.

How is historical volatility calculated?

Historical volatility calculations require finding the average deviation from the average price of an asset over a particular time. An asset’s standard deviation is often used. Historical volatility is usually stated as one standard deviation of historical daily returns.

Many trading platforms automatically calculate historical volatility, so you may not have to do the calculations manually.

Photo credit: iStock/Eva-Katalin

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SOIN-Q324-064

Dec

2024

13 Great Haggling Tips

By Caroline Banton | Budgeting & Goals, money | Comments Off

In the United States, people tend not to bargain too much: A price is a price, period. Yes, when you are bidding on a house or negotiating the price of a car, there is typically a bit of give and take, but otherwise, not so much. In other parts of the world, however, haggling in shops and markets is an indelible part of the culture.

Maybe American consumers should borrow this global tradition. Even here in the States, haggling can result in significant savings on electronics, household goods, hotels, and clothing. Also, haggling is really about the art of negotiation, and successful haggling can work wonders for your confidence and business savvy. Here’s what you need to know about when, why, and how to haggle.

Key Points

• Research the market value of an item before negotiating to ensure a fair price.

• Come up with your target price, then make an offer slightly below that to allow some room for negotiation.

• Communicating your budget clearly can help you control the negotiation.

• Consider offering cash or trade items to secure a deal.

• Be confident and respectful, and avoid lowballing the seller.

What Is Haggling?

Haggling is a way to bargain. It’s a process of negotiation between the buyer and the seller. While almost everyone would agree on the importance of saving money, different cultures have different approaches to haggling. For example, Westerners are often unaccustomed to haggling, but in less developed countries of Southeast Asia, for example, bargaining and haggling is expected. Locals will engage in a back and forth on price for everything from fresh food in markets to hotel prices in order to save money.

Haggling can take some practice because it requires a measured approach and a strategy. The more you haggle, however, generally the more successful and confident you become at it. And as you build your haggling skills, you’re likely to unlock more discounts. In fact, many people enjoy haggling and find it to be an easy way to save some money.

How Does Haggling Work?

If you’re wondering how to haggle successfully, let’s consider a specific example. Imagine you have your eye on a pre-owned car. The price of the car is $25,000, but you only have a budget of $22,000. To try to negotiate a price of $22,000, first determine if $22,000 is a fair price for that car. Look up the make, model, and year in Kelley Blue Book and check to see at what price other sellers are listing the same exact car.

If you determine that $22,000 is a fair price, a savvy haggler would offer a somewhat lower price, perhaps $20,000. At the same time, the buyer would make a case as to why their offer is fair. They might point out damage to the paintwork or worn tires. The seller may counter the buyer’s offer with $24,000, to which the buyer responds with $21,000. Eventually, the two parties may meet somewhere in the middle and agree to the price of $22,000. At least, that’s the theory of how haggling works.

Places Where You Can Haggle

Haggling, or negotiating, is acceptable in many contexts, not just when buying a car, a home, or in salary negotiations. Here’s a list of other places to haggle:

• Flea markets and craft fairs

• Retailers

• Suppliers

• Resale platforms and dealers

• Appliance repairs

• Home improvement services

Places Where You Likely Cannot Haggle

Haggling is not socially acceptable in many commercial enterprises. Here’s where you typically should not to haggle:

• Many commercial businesses

• Restaurants

• Supermarkets

That said, if you were at a Target or a department store, and were trying to buy an item that is a floor sample, is damaged (scratched or torn, say), or has some other reason that might merit a price reduction, it’s fair to politely try to haggle your way to a discount.

Advantages of Haggling

The obvious advantage of haggling is paying less for something you want, but there are a couple of other pros as well.

• For sellers, haggling may allow them to sell more products and yield better returns.

• Haggling is a way to practice negotiation skills and build confidence.

13 Money-Saving Haggling Tips

Now, let’s dive into the details on how to haggle. Here are some simple tips on how to approach haggling that can help you save money.

1. Adopt a Strong Mindset

To successfully haggle, you generally need to tamp down any urge to spend impulsively. If you feel as if you “have to have” an item, be it a car or a handbag, it will be even harder to resist a high price or a bad deal.

Instead, try to adopt a strong money mindset and know the difference between needs and wants. Tell yourself you won’t overpay, regardless of how badly you want the deal to work out. You can always find something similar at a better price.

2. Do Your Research

What is a good price for a purchase you’re planning on making? Before you enter into negotiations, you’ll want to know the item’s market value. Look up other similar items to see what they are going for. In the case of a car, refer to the Kelly Blue Book. For other items, an online search should yield comparable items with prices to inform your decision.

3. Consider Other Factors and Items in Your Haggling

How to bargain effectively can call for creative thinking. For example, if you are buying a car, you could offer cash to the seller up front instead of paying in installments. Or you might consider trading an item you have with a seller in order to secure the item you want.

4. Have a Target Price in Mind

It can help to know your haggling limits in advance. In the example of a car negotiation given earlier, the buyer had a target price in mind that they kept under wraps. They attempted to reach agreement at the desired price with the seller by first offering a lower price than they were really willing to pay. Then, they and the seller gradually came to a mutually satisfactory price. Having a strategy like this when haggling can help you avoid the risk of paying more than you want to.

💡 Quick Tip: Want a simple way to save more everyday? When you turn on Roundups, all of your debit card purchases are automatically rounded up to the next dollar and deposited into your online savings account.

5. Let the Seller Know Your Budget

Alternatively, a haggling tactic can be to let the seller know your budget at the outset. For example, you might say, “I love that rug but I see that it’s $750 and I can only pay $600. Is a deal possible?” That way, you are taking control of the situation, and the seller can take it or leave it.

6. Find Out the Condition of the Item

Just because you’re haggling, it doesn’t mean that you drop all of your usual smart-shopper moves. Don’t hesitate to inquire about the item in detail; it’s important to ask questions before making a purchase. Its condition is critical to the item’s value. You may be able to use any blemishes or wear and tear to negotiate a lower price.

7. Be Confident

Be direct about the fact that you are negotiating and are looking for a discount. Approach the seller with confidence, rather than apologizing for trying to get a better price. This can give the impression that you know what you are talking about and are serious. A seller may well be more likely to consent to a confident buyer’s request or offer.

8. Avoid Insulting the Seller

When haggling, it’s important to always respect the other party. Lowballing a seller can be insulting because the implication is that you are not taking them seriously or you think their merchandise is wildly overpriced. Have a good idea of the market value of an item before you make your lowest offer by researching other similar items and their prices.

One rule of thumb is not to expect a discount of more than 20% when haggling. However, there are some forums (like eBay’s “Best Offer” listings or on Poshmark) where you might get lucky with an even better deal.

9. Time it Right

Many salespeople have monthly sales quotas, and, as the end of the month approaches, they may be more inclined to accept a lower price. To find the best deals, you might hold off on haggling until the end of the month. Also, sellers may want to move inventory at the end of a season or if the item is going out of style. If your seller wants to get rid of inventory, you are more likely to get a better deal.

10. Make Life Easy for the Seller

Here’s another trick for how to bargain effectively: Let the seller know that you can make the deal easy and quick for them. Explain that you’ll take possession of the item immediately, or that you can pay cash. The less work the seller has to do to move inventory and the less a transaction costs them, generally the more inclined they will be to accept your offer.

11. Turn on the Charm

A little flattery can often work wonders. Believe it or not, part of knowing how to negotiate a better deal involves being as polite and friendly a customer as possible. Be interested in the person you are talking to and compliment them on their business. Another good strategy is to listen more and talk less. Rather than asking questions that require a yes or no answer, ask open-ended questions. For example, instead of asking “Can I make you an offer?” ask “How flexible are you to negotiation?” In addition to getting the seller to engage, you learn more about their needs and are in a stronger position to bargain.

Recommended: How to Negotiate House Price as a Buyer

12. Know When to Walk Away

Haggling won’t always work in your favor. Be prepared to throw in the towel if the seller does not agree to your final offer. There’s no point going in circles or thinking if you wait long enough, the seller will relent. And don’t let any frustration or temper come into play.

Sometimes, it’s best to just walk away. And you never know: Some sellers may see you leaving and wind up taking your best offer after all, rather than lose the deal.

13. Don’t Take Things Personally

Haggling is simply business. It is not a reflection of the buyer or the seller. If you don’t reach agreement on a price for an item, chalk it up to experience. People don’t always agree on things, and nor should they. Don’t let feelings of failure creep into the picture.

The Takeaway

Haggling is the process of negotiating a price for an item or service. Except for some specific situations — like negotiating a house purchase or bargaining down the price of a new car, when some back-and-forth is a given — Americans tend not to be hagglers. However, there may be plenty of situations when you can haggle and get a better deal, whether on a floor model at a big box retailer or a vintage chair at an antiques fair. By knowing the right polite haggling moves, you may be able to snag some satisfying discounts.

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Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Is haggling illegal?

Haggling is not illegal, but in the United States, there are contexts where haggling is not socially acceptable. These include commercial businesses, such as restaurants and supermarkets.

Is haggling frowned upon?

Haggling isn’t necessarily frowned upon, provided it’s done politely and in the proper context. In some cultures, it is even expected and part of the buying experience. However, lowballing is universally considered insulting. Sellers are often willing to take up to 20% off; offering just a fraction of the listed price could sink the deal.

Can you return something you haggled over?

If an item does not meet your expectations, even if you managed to get it at a discount price, you can try to return it. The terms of the sales agreement, if any, will outline the legal obligations of the seller. If there is no written agreement or receipt with returns stated, the seller is under no obligation to accept the return or to give you your money back.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOBNK-Q424-041

Dec

2024

Is a $40,000 Salary Good?

By Timothy Moore | Budgeting & Goals, money | Comments Off

Whether a $40,000 salary is considered good can depend on a variety of factors. For a recent grad in a small town where the cost of living is low, that might be an annual income that pays the bills. In addition, the $40,000 figure represents earning more than the federal minimum wage ($7.25/hour) in 34 states and districts.

But a $40,000 salary is not typically enough for a household to live comfortably in most parts of the United States. According to the U.S. Census, the median salary was $80,610 in 2023. What’s more, in 2024, a $40,000 salary would be below the United States Census Bureau’s poverty threshold for families of up to six people. Here’s a closer look at the $40K salary figure.

Key Points

• A $40,000 salary may be sufficient for an individual in a low-cost area, but it may not be enough for a family to live comfortably in most parts of the U.S.

• Rising inflation has made it more challenging to live on a $40,000 salary, but it still exceeds the poverty threshold for families with five or fewer members.

• Compared to the median household income in the U.S, a $40,000 salary falls short, but it can contribute to the median household income when combined with a second income.

• A $40,000 salary translates to a monthly income of $3,333.33, a biweekly paycheck of $1,538.46, and a weekly income of $769.23.

• Living on a $40,000 budget requires careful expense tracking, budgeting, debt management, and saving strategies. Location plays a significant role in how far the salary can stretch.

How Does a $40,000 Salary Compare to the American Median Income?

Here’s a look at how earning a $40,000 annual income compares to that of your fellow Americans.

• According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the median household income in 2023 was $80,610.

A $40,000 salary could successfully contribute to the Census Bureau’s picture of the median household income, when combined with a second income from a domestic partner.

Could this salary be considered good? Consider the following:

• As an individual, you may find that $40,000 is a good entry-level salary.

• Couples living the DINK lifestyle (which stands for dual income, no kids) and who each make $40,000 would be well above the median household income. Plus, they would have the additional costs of raising children as part of their budget.

$40,000 Salary Breakdown

It can be helpful to know what a $40,000 salary translates to as a monthly budget, weekly paycheck, or even hourly rate. This may help you decide if $40K is a good salary.

Here’s how it breaks down:

• Monthly income: $3,333.33

• Biweekly paycheck: $1,538.46

• Weekly income: $769.23

• Daily income: $153.85^*

• Hourly income: $19.23^**

^*Based on 260 working days a year
^**Based on 2,080 working hours a year

And remember: That’s before taxes; that’s not likely to be the amount that’s deposited in your checking account when you are paid. If you are single and make $40,000 a year, your federal tax bracket is at 12%, but you may also owe state, city, and even school district taxes as well. It’s important to keep that in mind as you plan and assess how to pay bills and save with this salary.

Can You Live Individually on a $40,000 Income?

It is possible to live individually on a $40,000 income. In fact, you may be able to afford the average monthly expenses for a single person and work on your saving and investing goals.

Your location will have the largest impact on how far your dollars will stretch. Areas with a lower cost of living will likely be easier to afford for an individual on a $40,000 income.

As an individual, you can help your salary go further by looking for ways to save money, like:

• Having a roommate or renting out a room in your house if you own one

• Cooking at home instead of eating out

• Buying a used car or, depending on where you live, relying on public transportation

• Finding a higher-yield savings account

Best Places to Live on a $40,000 Salary

If you can afford moving expenses and aren’t tied to a specific location for work, you can make your dollars go further more easily in certain locations in the United States. These are places with a lower cost of living. Here are the five cheapest cities to live in the U.S. this year, according to U.S. News:

• Fort Wayne, Indiana

• Huntsville, Alabama

• Wichita, Kansas

• Springfield, Missouri

• Davenport, Iowa

However, there’s more to moving than just the expenses and the job. Before packing up a rental truck, consider whether you are comfortable leaving behind friends, family, and familiar places.

Worst Places to Live on a $40,000 Salary

A $40,000 salary might not go far enough in a city with a high cost of living. U.S. News research indicates these are the most expensive cities to live in:

• Los Angeles, California

• Miami, Florida

• San Diego, California

• Salinas, California

• Santa Barbara, California

And if you were expecting to see Honolulu, Boston, and Santa Barbara (which often have reputations for being pricey), you’d find them a bit farther down the list but in the top 10.

Tips for Living on a $40,000 Budget

So how can you (and possibly your family) live on a $40,000 budget? It’s important to cut costs, look for deals, pay down your debt, and build up savings for an emergency.

But living on a small salary doesn’t mean you have to completely give up entertainment. Remember that it’s OK to treat yourself to the nice things in life from time to time, as long as they are within reason. Everyone needs some fun in their life.

Here are some important tips for living on a $40,000 budget:

Carefully Tracking Your Expenses

First things first, get an understanding of your current spending habits. Your bank may offer tools that make this easy to analyze or you can download apps or check websites that make this easier.

Consider what bills you have every month, whether they are set up on auto pay, and, if so, when do they process? (This will help you schedule your bills and avoid getting hit with late fees.) Make a list of all your recurring expenses (mortgage or rent, student loans, car payment, phone, insurance, and utilities), and then analyze how much on average you’re spending on more variable expenses like groceries, gas, clothing, and entertainment.

What can you cut? What bills can you negotiate down? Where can you reallocate money toward savings?

Recommended: 20 Commonly Forgotten Monthly Expenses

Getting on a Budget

Now that you have an idea of what you’re currently spending, it’s time to design a budget around what you should be spending.

Start by plugging in necessary monthly expenses; these are things you must pay for each month, like your home, insurance, and food. Only once you can see that these basic needs are met should you begin to budget for things like dining out or new clothes, also known as wants vs. needs.

Not sure where to start? Do some online research on how to make a budget. There are different techniques including a line item budget and the 50/30/20 budget rule.

Use the 50/30/20 budget calculator below to get an idea of how your budget could be broken down.

You might also check out what tracking and budgeting tools your financial institution offers. Many (especially online banks) offer a suite of tools.

Getting Out of Debt

As you consider how to manage daily life on a $40,000 salary, it’s wise to pay attention to the role that debt plays in your personal finances. Mortgage and student loan debt are structured to be paid off over decades, and can be considered by some to be good debt, as the interest rates are often relatively low and timely payments build your credit history. The rates on credit card debt, however, can be high and therefore more detrimental to your finances (and mental health). If you have serious credit card debt, it is wise to cut back expenses as much as you can so you can focus on paying off your debt.

You can tackle your debt using the snowball method or the avalanche method. You may also consider a balance-transfer credit card or a debt consolidation program, depending on your situation. A debt counselor who works for a nonprofit, like the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC ), can be helpful as well.

Saving Your Money

If you are debt-free (house, car, and student loan payments aside) and still have wiggle room in your budget after accounting for necessary expenses and a little bit of fun money, you can allocate some of your $40,000 salary toward your saving goals. These might include vacations, a house down payment, renovations, or a wedding. An emergency savings fund is often a good place to start.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

Investing Your Money

After you have gotten a handle on your expenses, designed a budget, and opened a savings account, you might consider if there is enough leftover from your $40,000 salary for investing. This may not be possible if you live in a city or state with a high cost of living.

How can you start investing? If your employer offers a 401(k) match, consider taking advantage of that. It’s basically free money, so contribute enough to snag it.

You can also look for automated investing opportunities so you don’t have to worry about building a portfolio from scratch.

The Takeaway

Whether $40,000 a year is a good salary depends on a variety of factors. For a single person just out of school, living in a relatively inexpensive town, it might be adequate. For a family of four in a major city, it is likely a challenging sum to subsist on.

With a $40,000 salary, it’s important to follow smart financial strategies, like budgeting and cutting expenses, as well as finding the right banking partner.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Can you live comfortably on $40,000 a year?

Individuals may be able to live comfortably on $40,000 a year. Families, however, may struggle with this salary, especially in areas with a higher cost of living.

What can I afford making $40K a year?

If you are an individual living on $40,000 a year in an area with a low to moderate cost of living, you can afford typical monthly expenses like food, housing, and utilities and still have enough for some fun expenditures, like entertainment. If you are frugal and build a budget, you may also be able to pay down debt, build your savings, and even invest a little.

Is $40,000 a year considered middle class?

According to Pew Research’s most recent figures, a middle-class household’s median income was $106,100. An individual making $40,000 a year could qualify as middle class, especially if there were another wage earner in the household.

Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

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SOBNK-Q424-060

What Does FUD Mean?

What Does FUD Mean in Investing?

Get up to $1,000 in stock when you fund a new Active Invest account.*

Access stock trading, options, alternative investments, IRAs, and more. Get started in just a few minutes.

FUD vs FOMO: What Is the Difference?

What Does FUD Mean in Crypto?

The History of FUD

FUD and Crypto

FUD Crypto and Memes

When Can FUD Occur?

FUD Crypto Examples

China Banning Bitcoin

Government Regulation

The Fear of Lost Crypto

Influential Crypto Tweets

Corporate Crypto Assets

Solar Storms

The Takeaway

FAQ

Who uses FUD?

Why does FUD matter?

What Counts as FUD?

Implied Volatility vs Historical Volatility

Historical Volatility Definition

Implied Volatility Definition

Historical vs Implied Volatility

When to Use Historical vs Implied Volatility

Comparing Implied and Historical Volatility

Historical Volatility:

Implied Volatility:

How to Use Implied and Historical Volatility Together

The Takeaway

FAQ

How is implied volatility calculated from historical volatility?

Is there a difference between implied and realized volatility?

A Guide to Historical Volatility

What Is Historical Volatility?

How Historical Volatility Works

How Historical Volatility is Calculated

How to Use Historical Volatility

Historical vs Implied Volatility

The Takeaway

FAQ

What is considered a good number for historical volatility?

What is a historical volatility ratio?

How is historical volatility calculated?

13 Great Haggling Tips

What Is Haggling?

How Does Haggling Work?

Places Where You Can Haggle

Places Where You Likely Cannot Haggle

Advantages of Haggling

Increase your savings with a limited-time APY boost.*

13 Money-Saving Haggling Tips

1. Adopt a Strong Mindset

2. Do Your Research

3. Consider Other Factors and Items in Your Haggling

4. Have a Target Price in Mind

5. Let the Seller Know Your Budget

6. Find Out the Condition of the Item

7. Be Confident

8. Avoid Insulting the Seller

9. Time it Right

10. Make Life Easy for the Seller

11. Turn on the Charm

12. Know When to Walk Away

13. Don’t Take Things Personally

The Takeaway

FAQ

Is haggling illegal?

Is haggling frowned upon?

Can you return something you haggled over?

Is a $40,000 Salary Good?

How Does a $40,000 Salary Compare to the American Median Income?

$40,000 Salary Breakdown

Can You Live Individually on a $40,000 Income?

Best Places to Live on a $40,000 Salary

Worst Places to Live on a $40,000 Salary

Tips for Living on a $40,000 Budget

Carefully Tracking Your Expenses

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with a limited-time APY boost.*

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