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Line Item Budget: Definition, Tips, Examples and Templates

A line item budget is a detailed look at your income and your expenses, and it can help you manage your money more effectively.

Like any type of budget, the purpose of a line item budget is to help you understand how much money you have flowing in and out every month. It also provides the guidelines and guardrails you may need to avoid overspending and hit your savings goals.

If you’re interested in taking a closer look at your money or are sick of running out of cash before the end of the month, this guide to line item budgeting can help.

Key Points

•   A line item budget lists income and expenses, providing a simple, organized financial overview.

•   Advantages of a line item budget include ease of management, clear financial tracking, and planning for the future.

•   Drawbacks of a line item budget include rigidity and the detailed record-keeping required.

•   Personal budget categories should reflect individual financial goals and circumstances.

•   Income and expenses are tracked line by line, offering a clear view of financial flow.

What Is a Line Item Budget?

A line item budget is a detailed financial plan that lists your income and then breaks down expenses into categories, or “line items.” It allows you to organize your expenses by grouping related costs together on separate lines to create a comprehensive financial picture

A line item budget also enables you to anticipate costs within each expense category, then closely monitor your spending to ensure you stick to your budget and don’t overspend in any specific area.

What Is Considered a Line Item?

A line item is an income or expense category that is part of your budget. For example, if you’re setting up a personal line item budget, your income line items might include salary and a rental property, while your expense line items might include rent, car insurance, and a music subscription.

If you want to make sure you’re putting some money into your savings account each month, you can even include a savings transfer as a line item in your budget.

It may be helpful to know a bit about how these budgets can work in business, as background for creating your own line item budget. Say a business is creating a new advertising campaign. They might consider:

•   Projected expenses: How much they think the cost of creating and executing their advertising materials will cost in the future.

•   Previous actual expenses: This will show how much in the past their costs actually were for such endeavors.

•   Present-year expenses: This would track the actual expenses being incurred as they create their ads. This could be done week by week or month by month.

Why Line Item Budgets Are Commonly Used

Line item budgets are commonly used because they allow you to account for everything that is flowing in and flowing out of your checking account. This makes it easy to monitor spending and compare actual costs with projected amounts and stay on top of your money.

Businesses, nonprofits, and governments tend to favor line item budgets because they allow an organization to easily identify areas where costs are exceeding expectations, track spending across different departments, and make informed decisions about where to allocate funds most effectively.

What Are the Advantages of Using a Line Item Budget?

If you are considering implementing a line item budget, consider these upsides.

Allocating Expenses Is Simple

One of the biggest pros of using this kind of budget is the ease with which they can be created. With just a few clicks on a spreadsheet, you can establish a basic structure and begin to fill in the data that needs to be recorded. And as priorities change, the budget can be changed just as easily to meet those new needs.

Interpreting the Budget Is Easy

Another major advantage of the line item approach: Making a budget this way isn’t only easy to do, it’s also easy to understand. Creating a basic list of categorized income and expenses doesn’t require any specialized accounting degree to decipher. With your phone’s calculator function, you’re good to go.

Planning Your Future Finances

It provides an easy-to-read, at-a-glance view of what to expect from your expenses in a week’s, month’s, or year’s time. And specific amounts are clearly displayed on each individual line. Those looking for budgeting for beginners tips may want to consider a line item budget for these two benefits. This kind of budget can help you avoid those surprise moments of not understanding why your checking account balance got so low.

Providing Clarity for Financial Decisions

Once a line item budget is in place, it can significantly simplify financial decision-making. Rather than wonder how much you can afford to spend on clothing or take-out, you’ll have a pre-decided spending limit. As long as you don’t exceed your targets, you can enjoy your expenditures without guilt — or running up debt.

What Are Some Downsides to Line Item Budgets?

Next, it’s worthwhile to recognize the possible drawbacks of line item budgets.

Best for Those With Predictable Income and Expenses

Line item budgeting usually relies on fixed and steady income and expenses for accuracy. It can work well for managing predictable finances, but if a budget contains line items that fluctuate significantly, it may not balance properly. This can lead to inaccurate calculations.

Typically Rigid

Another disadvantage of line item budgets is that they are rigid. It’s not uncommon to change spending habits throughout the year to fit changing needs, but those changes aren’t automatically reflected in a line item budget.

Spending adjustments may require extensive budget rewrites in order to accurately capture a new spending plan. With a line budget, any time financial goals change, it requires reviewing and adjusting everything line-by-line in order to stay current.

Requiring Detail

Unlike a budget such as the 50/30/20 rule, in which a person wrangles three big financial buckets (or spending categories), a line item budget does require rigorous accounting of specific expenses. This can be challenging for some people.

Budgeting: Is It Worth It?

Budgeting can seem tedious. After a long day (or week) at work, the last thing you may want to do is spend time in front of a screen, plugging in data and recording how much you’ve spent.

But tracking your money can be a powerful exercise. Here are some reasons why budgeting can be worthwhile:

•   Tracking your spending can give you direct visibility into your habits and when you understand where your money is going, you can feel empowered to make adjustments.

•   Budgeting can be part of a good money mindset. Instead of thinking of budgeting as a series of spending restrictions, you could think of it as a tool you can use. It’s a technique that can give you the freedom to spend money on what is most important to you.

•   Setting money goals can provide a structure to help you build out your budget and plan for the future. So, whether you’re saving for retirement, planning a wedding, or jetting off on a trip overseas, having and sticking to a well-crafted budget can help you get there.

•   It’s also worth noting that your budget is a living document. It’s okay to make changes. As you adjust your goals or experience or experience changes in your income or lifestyle, you can (and should) make adjustments and changes to fit your new needs. Your life isn’t stagnant, and your budget shouldn’t be either.

Using a Line Item Budget for Personal Finance

Typically, line item budgets are used by small businesses to track their earnings and expenses and compare them from year to year. While businesses typically have different needs than households, creating a line item budget can be helpful in personal finances, too.

Just as they give small businesses insight into opportunities to grow the business or reduce expenses, line item budgets can help individuals manage personal expenses. Outlining each source of income and expense can reveal personal spending habits and opportunities to reduce one’s cash outflow.

The specific insights you gather from a line item budget, as well as the changes you make, will ultimately depend on your personal goals and overall financial situation.

Deciding What to Include in a Line Item Budget

Deciding to create a line item budget is just the first step. Next, consider which categories are most important for you to include. A personal budget is just that — personal.

Everyone’s financial situation is different, so this list is not the end-all-be-all solution, but here are some high-level categories you may want to consider (each will likely include several sub-categories).

Bills and Utilities

This category is fairly self explanatory — after all, everyone’s got bills to pay, right? Things worth listing in this category might include water and electricity bills; cable, internet, or phone bills; or any other monthly bill you have on your expense list.

Debt

If you have student loan payments, credit card bills, or other recurring debt payments, include them in your budget. That’s an important area to track.

Education

If you are currently attending school or have kids, you’ll likely want to consider including things like tuition and fees, the cost of books and other supplies, and any other expenses directly related to education costs.

Entertainment

This one is a little broader and can be highly customized depending on personal spending habits. Do you have subscriptions to streaming services? Do you buy lots of books?

Tickets to the movies, museums, or a concert could also be included in this category. Depending on your hobbies and interests, you may find you can expand this with additional detail.

Fees

Think of all the fees charged to your accounts. Late fee on a delayed credit card payment? ATM fees? Add ՚em here. You could add HOA fees and others to this category as well. If you pay an annual fee to your credit card issuer, that goes here as well. (Seeing how fees add up can be a useful exercise. For instance, if you are paying several fees at a traditional bank, you might opt to switch to an online bank, which typically will charge lower or no fees.)

Food

Depending on your eating habits, you could split this up even further in a line item budget into categories like groceries, snacks, and dining out.

Home

Think of things like your rent or mortgage as well as expenses for maintenance and upkeep of your home.

Income

You’ll probably want to include all sources of income, not just your regular 9-to-5. If you’re budgeting as a couple, you can include income for both partners.

Add income earned from having a side hustle or from passive income opportunities, too.

Investments

Add your contributions to all investment accounts including a 401(k), IRA, 529 accounts, or other brokerage accounts.

Medical

Expenses for medications, health, dental, or vision insurance, and copays can all be included under this category.

Personal Care

Things like toiletries, vitamins, and beauty supplies would fit into this category. Hair cuts, trips to the nail salon, and massages could be included as well. If desired, you could also include the cost of other self-care practices, like a subscription to a meditation app, gym membership, or exercise classes.

Savings

Money that you put into an emergency fund, vacation fund, or other form of savings should be accounted for in your line item budget, too.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

Services

Do you pay for any regular services? You could include things like dry cleaning services, the cost of having a housekeeper, or the fee you pay your babysitter for a night out.

Shopping

Heading to the mall? Shopping expenses like clothing, toys, and even gifts for others, could be added here.

Taxes

If you’re a full-time employee, taxes are automatically being taken out of your paycheck. But if you are a freelancer or independent contractor, note quarterly taxes in your line item budget.

Transportation and Auto

This is a catch-all category for things like your monthly metro pass, gas, car insurance, auto loan payment, and general maintenance of your vehicle (if you own one).

Travel

Add all costs associated with trips you take here. Things like hotels or lodging, air travel, taxis, travel insurance, and tickets and admission for excursions and seeing the sights.

If you’re road-tripping, you could include the cost of gas, tolls, and other car-related expenses for the trip here too. Also worth including is the cost of food while on the road.

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Putting Your Line-Item Budget Together

A list this long can seem overwhelming. Take it one step at a time, and, if needed, break the work up over a few days. For instance:

•   On day one, gather all of the relevant documents (tax returns, paychecks, credit card statements, etc.), and create the skeleton of your line item budget.

•   On day two, you could aim to make it through recording your income and maybe half of your expenses.

•   On day three, you could finish adding data about your expenses and add any finishing touches or edits.

After creating this line item budget, you should have a bird’s-eye view of your spending habits. Take a close look at the information, and decide if you are happy with what you see. Now is the time to be honest with yourself and make the changes you feel are necessary. Do you want more money to put towards savings or paying down debt? See how you might alter the numbers as they currently exist for the months ahead.

Want to make cuts to your monthly expenses? Now you know exactly how much money is being spent in each category and where you could stand to hold back. Some ideas to mull over:

•  Can you negotiate less expensive car insurance? Experiment with meal planning to see if you can be intentional about your food spending and potentially cut your grocery bill.

•  Try adjusting the thermostat setting while you’re asleep or away from your home to cut your energy bill.

•  Getting hit with fees on late payments? You might want to add an alert to your calendar or a monthly notification to your phone to remind you when payments are due. Another possible option is to enroll in autopay so you never miss a payment.

Payment history accounts for 35% of your credit score. So making payments on-time consistently could not only eliminate those pesky late fees from your budget but it could also potentially have a positive impact on your credit profile over time.

Recommended: How to Stop Overspending

Tips for Staying Consistent With Your Budget

To make sure you stay consistent with your line item budget, it’s helpful to choose a specific day each month (ideally at the end) to review your expenses. This is when you gather your statements and receipts and log in actual spending and income numbers for each line item.

You can then compare your actual spending to your planned spending, identify areas of overspending, and make any needed adjustments to your budget for the following month to ensure you’re on track with your financial goals.

It’s also helpful to automate your finances wherever possible. Consider setting up auto pay for regular expenses, as well as a monthly transfer from your checking account to a high-yield savings account for emergencies and other short-term savings goals.

Line Item Budget Example

A line item budget example can be as simple as using an Excel or Google Sheets spreadsheet to make your own basic line item budget template.

At the top rows, income can be added, say, for a given month. Then, moving down the page, you can list out the various expenses you have. To the right of that, you might include “projected” and “actual.” If certain line items tend to always come in over budget, you may need to adjust your budget — or your spending habits.

You can customize the organization to best suit your needs.

Line Item Budget Templates

There are many free resources online that can help you set up your budget. For example, Google Sheets offers free pre-made budget templates, such as an annual budget and a monthly budget, that you can customize to your needs.

Excel also offers free pre-made templates for budgeting that includes line items for different income streams and household expenses, with the ability to add or subtract categories to make it fit your financial situation.

Alternatives to a Line Item Budget

Though simple and intuitive in nature, line item budgets aren’t a perfect fit for everyone. Here’s a look at some other budgeting options you might consider.

50/30/20 Budget

Also known as a proportional budget, the 50/30/20 budget rule focuses on splitting income into three buckets — “needs,” “wants,” and “goals” (savings and debt repayment). Instead of creating lists of expenditures, you instead commit to spending 50% of your income on things you need to spend on (housing, food, debt, and similar “musts”), 30% on things you want (dining out, travel, and so forth), and the remaining 20% is set aside for savings and debt payments beyond the minimum.

Because spending isn’t tracked on a granular level, you might use a budgeting or expense-tracking app to help avoid overspending in any one category. You can use an online 50/30/20 budget calculator to see the breakdown of your money.

Envelope Budgeting Method

The envelope method focuses on using physical envelopes and labeling each with a spending category, such as food, bills, or entertainment. The envelopes are then filled with the maximum amount of money desired to be spent in each category, and spending throughout the month happens directly from those envelopes.

Once an envelope is empty, no more spending can be done in that category, unless taken from another. This method can be adapted to use a debit card vs. cash.

Zero-Based Budget

Similar to the line item budget, the zero-based budget takes account of all income and expenses. The difference is that with this budget, the goal is to make sure that every incoming dollar is allocated to either a saving or a spending purpose, and to leave nothing left over. Automating finances with services like automatic bill-pay and prescheduled bank transfers (say, into a high-yield savings account) can help with managing this style of budgeting.

The Takeaway

Creating a line item budget can be useful when determining your spending habits. It’s a fairly simple, detailed, and well-organized way to track your earnings and spending, but it’s not always flexible. Also, if you don’t have your budget spreadsheet on hand, it could be more difficult to make changes or check in while you’re busy living.

There are many different types of budgets and as well as apps and expense trackers that can simplify money management. A good place to start your journey is seeing what tools your bank offers.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What is an example of a line item budget?

A line item budget is a simple, organized way of listing income and spending in detail so you can keep things in balance and see how you are tracking over time. It can be easily made with a basic spreadsheet template, listing your income, your spending, and your savings in a given time frame, such as one month.

What is the difference between a line item budget and a program budget?

Line item budgets and program budgets are frequently used in business. Typically, a line item budget will list out individual budget expenses, item by item. In a program budget, however, the spending tends to be grouped into smaller budgets for specific activities or programs. For instance, in a program budget, all the costs related to advertising a new service could be kept together, to show the expenses required to meet that goal.

How do I create a line item budget in Excel?

One simple way to make a line item budget in Excel is to create vertical columns for each month. Starting at the top of each month, you could list various sources of income. Then below that, you could break out, line by line, all of your expenses, such as food, housing, utilities, entertainment, clothing, dining out, travel, transportation, and so on, going down the page. This can allow you to tally your earning, spending, and saving.

What tools can help manage a line item budget?

There are a number of online tools and apps that can help you set up and stick with a line item budget. For example, you might start by using spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets to set up your budget, either from scratch or using one of their free line item budget templates. To help stay on track, consider downloading a budgeting app to your phone (your bank may offer a free one) that can link to your outside accounts and help you monitor and categorize your spending.

What are the most common mistakes when using a line item budget?

One of the most common mistakes when using a line item budget is failing to update it regularly. Once you set up your expense categories and spending targets, it’s important to enter your actual expenses to see if you’re staying on track with your budget.
Other common errors with line item budgeting include: underestimating expenses, setting unrealistic spending limits, and ignoring small but recurring expenses.


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Will There Ever Be a Student Loan Bailout?

Will There Ever Be a Student Loan Bailout?

It’s been more than a decade since the Great Recession. Remember how it brought multibillion-dollar financial corporations to their knees and nearly chased the big American automakers right out of Detroit?

Instead, both industries got a bailout, to the tune of $634 billion, according to ProPublica’s Bailout Tracker.

So if the giants of capitalism got a pass, will the students paying loans to get a bailout as well? Will there be a student debt cancellation plan for you and your former classmates?

A Rising Tide of Student Loan Debt

When you earned your degree, you also most likely earned your way into a not-so-exclusive club. Forty-five million people owe $1.73 trillion in student loans in America. For comparison, that’s $740 billion higher than the outstanding credit card debt in the country.

Student loan borrowers owed about $845 billion in late 2010. This means that in the past decade, student debt has grown by over 100%.

How Many Would Benefit From a Bailout?

Forgiving just $10,000 per person would wipe away the federal student loan debt of 15.3 million borrowers, Insider reported.

Proponents of student loan cancellation say a bailout would:

•  Minimize the wealth gap

•  Inspire the creation of small businesses

•  Encourage homeownership

•  Help people feel more confident starting families

Here are two more things backers argue that student loan forgiveness would do.

Spark an Economic Upswing

Bharat Ramamurti, a member of the COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission, tweeted what he sees as benefits of student loan forgiveness: “Broad student loan debt cancellation via executive order is good economics and politics.”

He added, “One study has found that canceling all debt would have a big stimulative effect. Of course, the impact would be less if less debt were canceled, but debt cancellation is one of the relatively few ways to stimulate the economy without Congress.”

Benefit All Federal Student Loan Borrowers

Upper-income households owe almost 60% of the outstanding education debt and make almost three-quarters of the payments, the Brookings Institution noted. Lowell Ricketts, a lead analyst for the Center for Household Financial Stability at the St. Louis Fed, agreed that loan forgiveness would disproportionately benefit affluent graduates .

But he pointed out that forgiving $10,000 of student debt would help many low-balance borrowers as well and resolve the problem of overdue payments that 19% of that group has.

The Price of Student Loan Debt Cancellation

While it might sound like a good idea in the face of high debt balances and delayed dreams, one reason it might not come to fruition is the price tag.

Erasure of $10,000 for all 43 million borrowers would cost $377 billion . Canceling $50,000 for all 43 million would cost over $1 trillion, according to The Conversation, which publishes pieces by academics well-versed in these areas.

Additionally, the optics of a student loan cancellation aren’t necessarily good. For example, law and dental school grads may have high debt balances but also might start lucrative careers immediately.

The issue of wiping out student loan debt may have another fairness factor. Former students who successfully paid off their loans may not appreciate seeing millions of current borrowers let off the hook.

And while you can default on a mortgage or get rid of most credit card debt by filing for bankruptcy, most student loans are owned by the federal government, and are extremely difficult to get discharged except for all but the most extreme circumstances.

Student Loan Cancellation FAQ

Q: Did the Stimulus Bill Forgive Student Loans?

A: No. The $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief bill passed in March 2021 doesn’t forgive student loans, but the legislation does mention them: Any federal or private student loan balance that’s forgiven will be tax-free through 2025.

Before the bill, participants of the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program and income-driven repayment plans were required to pay taxes on any remaining loan balance that was forgiven.

With this change, borrowers who receive any loan forgiveness before Jan. 1, 2026, won’t have to pay taxes on the forgiven loan amount.

It’s unclear if private student loan borrowers will see any gain. Since the only options for repayment aid are refinancing and deferment or forbearance (if offered by the lender), they may not benefit from this bill. However, there has been some buzz about the Biden administration helping private student loan borrowers more.

Q: Are Student Loans Being Forgiven?

A: President Joe Biden had vocalized his support of $10,000 in student loan forgiveness but has not acted on it. The future of student loan forgiveness is still up in the air, as of this writing.

Q: Will They Take Away Stimulus Money for Student Loan Borrowers?

A: Collection agencies can seize stimulus payments for defaulted student loans in some cases.

Paying Down Your Student Loans

Even without a student loan bailout plan, options exist for dealing with your debt.

Federal and Other Programs

If you work in a qualifying public service field or as a teacher and you have federal student loans, you may be able to qualify for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program, which is supposed to forgive any remaining loan balance after 120 qualifying monthly payments. Unfortunately, the pool of people qualifying for loan forgiveness has been small.

Specific state and federal loan forgiveness options exist for health care professionals, veterinarians, lawyers, and teachers who work in underserved areas of the country.

In addition to the forgiveness options, qualified federal student loan borrowers may be able to take advantage of delayed payments .

Another way some borrowers seek to ease student loan debt is through income-driven repayment plans. The amount you pay is based on your family size and income, usually 10% of your discretionary income. It’s intended to make the monthly payments more affordable by stretching out the repayment term, which usually results in more interest accumulating over the now-longer life of the loan.

Refinancing

If you refinance your student loans with a private lender, you may qualify for a lower interest rate, which could shave off a significant sum over the life of your loans.

Some lenders refinance both private and federal student loans.

If you decide to refinance, you’ll typically have a choice between a fixed or variable rate, both of which carry their own risks and rewards. A fixed-rate stays the same for the life of the loan, so you always know what your monthly payment will be.

Variable-rate loans can fluctuate as the economy roars or slumps. They’re usually tied to a well-known index, so your payment amount may fluctuate over time. The potential benefit, however, is that initially, the variable rate is sometimes lower than the fixed rate.

You may also have term options if you refinance your student loans. You can shorten your loan term, which can help get you out of debt faster or extend your term, which could ideally lower your monthly payment but, again, means more interest accrues over the life of your loan.

Just know that if you’re refinancing your federal loans into private loans, you’ll be giving up federal benefits and protections such as federal deferral, forgiveness options, and income-driven repayment plans.

Recommended: Student Loan Refinancing Calculator

The Takeaway

Question marks swirl around student debt cancellation. Amid all the noise about the topic, it may be a good idea to take measures of your student loan rates and terms and plot a smart course.

Given up on the idea of a student loan bailout? Check your rate on refinancing your student loans with SoFi.



SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

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5 Key Pieces of Finance Advice for All Med School Grads Starting Residency

5 Financial Tips for Med School Grads Starting Residency

Congratulations! After years of rigorous studying, training, and overall hard work, you’ve graduated from medical school. At this point, you’ve likely made it through Match Day and are ready to start a residency, even closer to becoming a fully fledged doctor.

Though the relief of graduation is certainly well deserved, medical school isn’t going to disappear from your rearview mirror soon. If you’re like most medical students, you likely finished school with a considerable amount of debt.

According to the Association of American Medical Colleges , 84% of medical students in the graduating class of 2020 had education debt (premedical and medical) of $100,000 or more, with 54% of graduates owing $200,000 or more and 20% owing $300,000 or more.

And while doctors can potentially make quite a bit of money—pediatricians earn an average of $232,000 and orthopedic specialists make $511,000, according to Medscape’s 2020 annual compensation report , for example—the average resident does not.

So, what’s a resident to do? Unfortunately, for some, finances may continue to be a challenge in the years immediately after graduating from medical school, so it could be helpful to take steps to lessen the financial anxiety that can accompany such a significant debt load.

The good news is most physicians could be on track to pay off their debt quicker than those in other fields with lower earning potential. But, even once you make the big bucks as a doctor and negotiate a sizable physician signing bonus, you’ll likely look to maintain your financial well-being.

Here, we take a look at some steps that may help you to get the most out of your money post-med school-and manage your student loans.

Making a Post-Med School Budget and Sticking to It

Residency can feel like a time when you’re struggling to make ends meet while working 12-hour shifts on your way to becoming a doctor. Being placed in a city with a high cost of living only increases the challenge.

The average resident salary in 2020 was $63,400, according to Medscape’s 2020 annual report . This may not go as far as it would seem to someone who has been in school earning no money.

Creating a budget that makes sense for your current circumstances and sticking to it will help. This might not include a fancy car (yet), and unless you’ve already signed a medical contract to stay in the same city after your residency, then it may not include buying a house either—even if you might be tempted by a mortgage loan.

Budgeting doesn’t end once you’re done with residency, either. If you can stick to your resident budget for an extra year or two, you may be able to save up money to pay down more on your student loans and start your medical career with some cash.

After all, the rate at which you are able to become debt-free may largely depend on your budget and lifestyle, not just your income.

Having an Emergency Fund and a Retirement Account

Typically, a good financial wellness rule of thumb is to aim to have a few months’ worth of your income saved up for an emergency fund. And yes, this is even applicable for doctors, who, like everyone else, could have something happen that ends up being a huge expense.

Given this, one good idea may be to start stashing away money whenever you can, and putting this emergency money into a separate account from your regular checking account. This way, you can know that it’s there but not be tempted to use it.

Though retirement may seem like a lifetime away—especially after recently finishing up school—saving for retirement as soon as is practical is a common financial goal. It’s also helpful to get into the habit of putting away something regularly. With a solid budget in place, you may be less likely to have to pick between paying down student loans and setting aside for retirement: it’s possible to do both.

Depending on your situation and goals, you may want to invest your money in a 401(k), 403(b), or a traditional or Roth IRA. It may be helpful to keep in mind that one easy way to up your retirement savings is by contributing enough to your employer-sponsored plan to max out on any company match. If your work doesn’t offer a retirement savings plan, consider opening an IRA with SoFi and get access to a broad range of investment options, member services, and a robust suite of planning and investment tools.

Considering an Income-Driven Loan Repayment Plan

You might find yourself feeling tempted to put your medical school student loans (if they’re federal student loans) on hold or into forbearance while you finish residency, but that move could still rack up interest and leave you further in debt.

Instead, you might consider an income-driven repayment plan that establishes monthly payments based on your income and family size.

It may not be as fast as sticking with traditional repayment plans, but if it’s necessary, this method could potentially help you avoid ballooning interest payments while you’re in residency, and typically lowers your monthly payments by lengthening your loan term. (Repayer beware: longer loan terms mean more interest payments, so it’s likely you’ll pay more for your loans overall.)

For med school graduates, there are a few federal income-driven repayment plans you may want to consider: income-based repayment (IBR), income-contingent repayment (ICR), and Pay As You Earn (PAYE).

The eligibility requirements will vary for each type of plan, and you may have to pay more once you sign a medical contract or earn more as a doctor, as income for plans such as PAYE is reviewed on an annual basis. Still, it’s helpful to consider the different options out there and choose what works best for you. And if you choose to practice medicine in underserved communities—as we’ll explain in more detail below—an income-driven repayment plan may be part of that picture.

Checking out Student Loan Forgiveness Programs

Another potential option you may want to look into is going into a public service program. This option allows for a particularly attractive perk for doctors: student loan debt forgiveness.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) is one such program run by the U.S. Department of Education that forgives the remainder of federal loans after participants have met certain eligibility requirements, such as ten years’ worth of on-time, eligible monthly payments and working for a qualifying employer, which typically includes government or certain nonprofit organizations.

The good news is that these programs may tie in nicely with the work you already want to do as a doctor. If you’ve always wanted to go into public service and also find yourself feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of paying off all of your debts, then this may be a great option.

Even if you’re not entirely sure, it may be a good idea to get started with the process now because you will need to ensure your repayment plan is on track in order to qualify later—and that may require one of the income-driven plans mentioned above.

To set yourself up financially for this situation, first you may need to consolidate your federal loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan, but it’s wise to carefully review the PSLF program requirements first.

Additionally, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) also have med school loan repayment programs for doctors who are interested in doing medical research for a nonprofit organization (through NIH programs) or health care work in a high-need area (via the NHSC program).

Many states also run their own loan forgiveness and repayment programs for doctors, which are worth looking into if you’re interested in this route. Keep in mind, there may be several different options that can help you get your loans forgiven.

Looking into Refinancing Your Student Loans

Dealing with student debt can be one of the most stressful things people experience in their lifetime. After years of hard work, graduating into a world of six-figure debt can sometimes feel anti-climatic, but rest assured that there are options.

Even if the above strategies aren’t a fit for you, there are other ways to move forward. Depending on your exact situation and needs, you may be a good candidate for student loan refinancing, which allows you to consolidate outstanding loans and may reduce your interest rates, as well as your stress levels.

(Keep in mind that refinancing your student loans with a private lender will mean that federal loan benefits, such as PSLF and income-driven repayment, will no longer be available to you.)

Refinancing your loans at a lower interest rate can be a fairly simple way to save money on the lifetime cost of your loan. SoFi has a number of student loan refinance options for medical school graduates, with variable or fixed interest rates and no application fees.

Don’t let your loans keep you from financial wellness. Consider refinancing your medical school student loans with SoFi, and see if you can save yourself money in the long run.



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5 Steps to Help You Achieve Financial Security

Maybe your ultimate financial goal is to pay off your mortgage and live debt-free. Or, perhaps your dream is to retire early and relocate to a remote tropical island.

Whether you’re dreaming big, small, or somewhere in between, achieving financial security can help make your vision of the future a reality.

But what exactly is financial security? Broadly speaking, financial security or wellness refers to a condition in which you are able to meet your current and ongoing financial obligations, have the capacity to absorb a financial shock, feel secure in your financial future, and are able to make choices that allow you to enjoy life.

While that may sound like a far-off concept, achieving financial stability often isn’t as far off as many people think. The key to getting there is to think about your short- and long-term financial goals, and then devise a savings plan that can help you reach them.

Here are five steps that could help you achieve financial security.

1. Setting Goals

Financial goal-setting can be like jumping ahead to the last chapter of a book.

Financial goal-setting can be like jumping ahead to the last chapter of a book. It starts with the endgame, such as paying for kids’ college, traveling, buying or renovating a home, or getting a new car.

From there, “reading” goes backward by breaking those goals into bite-size steps until the arrival at Chapter 1—an overview of the current situation and a plan to meet those long-term goals.

Short-term financial goals could include things like paying off credit card debt, student loans or car loans, saving for a downpayment on a home or a car, or growing an emergency fund (more on that below).

Once those are achieved, money you were setting aside each month for those goals could be shifted into longer-term planning, such as retirement, buying or upgrading a home, paying off a mortgage, or investing.

No matter how long it takes, checking something off a goals list can be a huge feeling of accomplishment, as well as motivation to start the next chapter.

2. Creating a Budget

One of the most important things you can do to achieve financial security is to live on less than you earn, since this enables you to siphon some of your income into saving towards your financial goals each month.

A great first step is to set up, or fine-tune, a monthly budget. To do this, you’ll want to grab the last few months of financial statements and pay stubs, then use them to determine what your average monthly take-home (after tax) income is, and what your average monthly spending looks like.

If you find that your spending is equal to, or exceeding, your income, you may then want to drill down into exactly where your money is going each month. You can start by making a list of essential expenses (rent/mortgage, utilities, insurance, car payments, groceries) and nonessential expenses (clothing, dining out, entertainment).

It’s often easiest to cut back spending in the nonessentials category. You might decide to cook more meals at home instead of eating out, for example. Or, you might cancel a streaming service or quit the gym and work out at home.

The money you free up can then be put into savings every month for your future goals.

3. Attacking Debt

If those monthly high-interest credit card payments didn’t exist, where would that money go instead? Paying off debt could free up a potentially big chunk of money to put toward those big dreams. Creating a debt-payoff strategy can be an essential part of a financial wellness plan.

One popular method for getting out of debt is the debt snowball. This calls for listing debts from smallest to largest amounts owed, then paying any extra money you have each month towards the smallest debt (while paying the minimum on the others). When that debt is paid off, you move on to the next smallest debt, and so on.

Another option is the debt avalanche method. This involves making a list of all your debts in order of interest rate (regardless of balance). You then put extra money towards the debt with the highest interest rate, while paying the minimum on the others.

When that debt is paid off, you start tackling the debt with the next-highest interest rate, and so on. As you continue paying off bills, you will be saving in interest payments and should have more and more money to put toward each debt as you go.

4. Building an Emergency Fund

An emergency fund is money tucked away that you can use in times of financial distress. Having this contingency fund can significantly improve financial security by creating a safety net that can be used to meet unanticipated expenses, such as an illness, job loss, or major home repair.

A good rule of thumb is to keep enough money in an emergency fund to cover three- to six-months worth of living expenses, but some people may need a larger emergency fund. You may want to keep this money in an account that earns more interest than a standard savings account, but is still easily accessible. Good options include a high-yield savings account, online savings account, or a checking and savings account.

Having this money available when you need it can reduce the need to tap high-interest debt options, such as credit cards or unsecured loans, or undermine your future security by dipping into retirement funds.

5. Saving for Retirement

Once you are free of high interest debt and have a solid emergency fund, you may want to focus on investing more of your income into a retirement fund.

The earlier you start saving for retirement, the easier it will be to meet your goal, thanks to the benefit of compounding interest (when the money you invest earns interest, that interest then gets reinvested and earns interest of its own).

One of the simplest ways to save for retirement is through a 401(k) program at work, since you can set up automatic pre-tax deductions from your paycheck (and may not even miss the money). If your employer is matching up to a certain percent of your contributions, you’re essentially getting free extra cash to save.

Another option is to open an Individual Retirement Account (IRA). Like a 401(k), an IRA allows you to put away money (before taxes are taken out) for your retirement. However, there are annual contribution limits you’ll need to keep in mind.

The Takeaway

Reaching a state of financial stability means you feel confident and don’t feel stressed about money. You are able to pay your bills each month, have money set aside for any unexpected bills or emergencies, you are saving money each month, and you are also debt-free.

One of the easiest and most important ways to achieve financial security is to spend less than you earn and to put money aside each month towards your goals.

If you’re looking for a good place to start–or build–your savings, you may want to consider opening a SoFi Checking and Savings®️ checking and savings account.

With SoFi’s special “vaults” features, you can separate your savings from your spending while earning competitive interest on all your money. You can also set up recurring deposits to help you reach your financial goals faster.

Get on the path to financial security with the help of SoFi Checking and Savings.



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