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Understanding Student Loan Requirements

Whether you apply for federal or private loans, you’ll need to meet several student loan requirements to receive your funds. Those requirements can vary depending on what type of loan you want.

It’s important to know exactly what the requirements are before applying. Because while student loans are a popular way to help pay for college, getting approved isn’t a given. Read on to learn the requirements for different types of federal loans as well as private loans.

Federal Student Loan Requirements

There are four different types of federal student loans available to college students and their parents. Loans generally require:

•   Demonstrated financial need (for most programs)

•   U.S. citizen or eligible non-citizen

•   Social Security number

•   Enrollment in or acceptance to an eligible degree or certificate program

•   Attendance at least half-time

•   Maintenance of satisfactory academic progress

•   Completion of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form

•   Agreement to use the loan for educational purposes only

•   You’re not in default on a federal student loan and don’t owe money on a federal grant

•   High school diploma or GED certificate, state-approved homeschool setting, or enrollment in an eligible career pathway program and “ability-to-benefit” alternative

Depending on the type of loan, though, there may be additional requirements that parents or students need to meet. Read on for a quick breakdown of some additional requirements by loan type.

Direct Subsidized Loans

With Direct Subsidized Loans, the federal government covers your interest costs while you’re still in school. To qualify, you need to be an undergraduate student enrolled at least half-time at a participating school that will lead to a degree or a certificate. And you must show financial need through the FAFSA form.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans

With a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, you do not need to demonstrate financial need, and you are responsible for paying interest on the loan from the time you take it out. To qualify, you must be an undergraduate, graduate, or professional student who is enrolled at a participating school at least half-time. Typically, the program must result in a degree or certificate.

Recommended: College Tuition Payment Plans

Direct PLUS Loans

You can apply for a Direct PLUS Loan if you’re a graduate or professional student, or a parent of an undergraduate student. You generally can’t have an adverse credit history, which means, as stated by the Department of Education (DOE), you may not qualify if you have any of the following on your credit report:

•   Accounts with a total outstanding balance over $2,085 that are 90 or more days delinquent, or that have been placed in collection or charged off within the last two years.

•   Default determination within the last five years.

•   Bankruptcy discharge within the past five years.

•   Repossession during the last five years.

•   Foreclosure within the last five years.

•   Charge-off / write-off of federal student loans during the last five years.

•   Wage garnishment within the last five years.

•   Tax lien within the past five years.

That being said, if you do have an adverse credit history, you may still be able to receive a Direct PLUS Loan if you meet either of the following requirements and also complete credit counseling:

•   You get an endorser who does not have an adverse credit history.

•   You demonstrate to the DOE that you have extenuating circumstances relating to your adverse credit history.

Recommended: How To Pay for Grad School

Direct Consolidation Loans

A Direct Consolidation Loan allows you to consolidate multiple federal loans into one loan. To qualify, you must have one or more eligible loans and meet other requirements, including:

•   The loans must be in repayment or in the six-month grace period after you leave school.

•   In general, you must have at least one loan that isn’t already a consolidated loan.

•   If one or more loans are in default, you must make at least three consecutive monthly payments or agree to repay the Direct Consolidation Loan under one of the available income-driven repayment plans.

•   If your wages are being garnished to make payments on a defaulted federal loan, you can’t consolidate it until the wage garnishment order has been lifted or the judgment has been vacated.

Private Student Loan Requirements

While federal student loans often have the same requirements across the board because the DOE is the lender on all of them, that isn’t the case with private student loans. With private loans, requirements vary by lender, which means you may qualify for a loan from one private student loan company and not with another.

The requirements for a private student loan can also depend on what type you’re applying for, such as an undergraduate loan, graduate loan, or specialized loan.

In general, all private student lenders require a credit check and a minimum annual income. This means that if you don’t have a credit history, you may need a cosigner with an established credit history and a solid income to apply for the loan with you.

Each lender has different requirements when it comes to student loans. Common requirements among major private student loan companies include:

•   U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or international student.

•   Social Security number (some don’t require this for international students).

•   International students generally must have a cosigner.

•   Attendance at an eligible school.

•   Enrollment in a degree program and attendance at least half-time (some allow you to be less than half-time).

Depending on the lender, there may be other student loan qualification requirements and limitations, so it’s important to shop around to compare lenders and read the terms to make sure you qualify.

Also, look for private student lenders that allow you to get prequalified with just a soft credit check. This can give you an idea of your approval chances and show you possible loan terms you might qualify for without dinging your credit score.

The Takeaway

There are a number of requirements you may have to meet in order to qualify for a student loan. The requirements for different types of federal student loans tend to have more overlap, as they all have the same lender. Some are administrative, such as having a Social Security number. Others are risk-related, like not being in default on any previous student loans. Requirements for private student loans vary from lender to lender.

If you’re getting ready to apply for a loan to fund your education, make sure to explore your options and compare terms and rates. SoFi offers private student loans with fixed or variable rates and a number of repayment options.

SoFi offers no-fee private student loans for undergraduate and graduate students or their parents.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Understanding Student Loan Debt and 1099-C_780x440: It isn’t unusual for college students and graduates to be in debt due to education-related borrowing.

Understanding Student Loan Debt and 1099-C

It isn’t unusual for college students and graduates to be in debt due to education-related borrowing. Nearly half of adults under the age of 30 took on some student loan debt in 2019, according to a Federal Reserve report , with the typical amount being between $20,000 and $24,999. As for the overall amount of student loan debt in the United States, the dollar figure is now more than a staggering $1.7 trillion.

Because of this student loan crisis, the idea of having part or all of this student loan debt forgiven would naturally sound attractive to many of these borrowers, allowing them to spend their hard-earned dollars in other ways. This post will share facts and myths about student loan forgiveness, along with information about how forgiven student loan debt can affect a person’s income tax bill and, finally, the role that the 1099-C student loan forgiveness form plays.

Here’s a high-level look at the 1099-C student loan forgiveness form. This income tax document lists how much debt, dollar-wise, was forgiven in that tax year—and the IRS will also receive a copy. Why? Some student loan debt that’s forgiven is also considered to be taxable income.

Recommended: 7 Facts You Didn’t Know About Student Loan Debt

Student Loan Forgiveness

This is a subject where plenty of facts, myths, and half-truths exist. Part of the confusion may have arisen when the Student Loan Forgiveness Act (SLFA) was introduced in Congress in 2012 to help borrowers pay down their debt.

This Act proposed an interest rate cap on student loans, along with a repayment plan that would allow borrowers to have their loan balance forgiven after ten years if the payments they made equaled 10% of their adjusted gross income.

Students who found employment in public service jobs could have their balances forgiven after five years, rather than ten. This Act, though, never made it out of committee.

In May 2020, the House of Representatives passed the HEROES Act (although it wasn’t addressed by the Senate). The Act debated in the House would allow for $10,000 in forgiveness in federal student loans and $10,000 in private student loans per student, reduced from the initial proposal that called for $30,000 in forgiveness—but then the Act was further watered down to only provide this option to students who were struggling financially.

On October 1, 2020, the House passed a modified version of this bill, but it has not yet been addressed by the Senate.

The American Rescue Plan, which passed in March 2021, did include some provisions regarding student loan forgiveness. These provisions state that all forgiven student loans will be forgiven tax-free through December 2025.

Existing Options for Federal Student Loan Forgiveness

There are some options for borrowers to receive forgiveness on federal student loans. These forgiveness options include:

•   Income-Driven Repayment Plans: The U.S. government offers four types of income-driven repayment plans where the remaining balance could be forgiven after 20 to 25 years if requirements are met. Requirements include paying designated amounts on time.
•   Public Service Loan Forgiveness: Under this program, borrowers who work for a qualifying non-profit agency, governmental organization, or public interest employers can get their loans forgiven after ten years. They must make 120 payments based on their income to qualify. The amount forgiven under this plan is not considered taxable income by the IRS.
•   Teacher Loan Forgiveness Program: Qualifying teachers, after five years of teaching full-time, can get up to $17,500 of their federal loans forgiven. To qualify for the full amount, they need to teach math or science at the secondary level, or special education at the elementary or secondary level. Otherwise, they may still qualify for $5,000 in forgiveness.
•   NURSE Corps Loan Repayment Plan: This program can pay up to 85% of eligible borrowers’ unpaid nursing school debt. To qualify, they must work for two years in a critical shortage facility or as a nursing faculty member at an accredited school. After two years, 60% of student loan debt can be forgiven. If qualifying for another year, then an additional 25% of the debt can be forgiven.
•   Indian Health Services’ Loan Repayment Program: This program will repay up to $40,000 for qualifying doctors, nurses, dentists, psychologists, and other healthcare professionals working for two years in facilities that serve American Indian or Alaskan Native communities. Contracts can continue to be renewed beyond the initial two years until the loan debt is fully paid off, and other professionals—such as environmental engineers and social workers—may qualify.
•   The National Health Service Corps: Medical, dental, and mental health professionals who work for two years in underserved areas can qualify for up to $50,000 in loan repayment forgiveness. Typically, it’s the federal loans that qualify.

There is plenty of discussions right now about forgiving student loans in additional ways, so it’s possible that forgiveness programs may be expanded under the new administration. It’s hard to predict right now.

There certainly is support for the idea of forgiving all student loans, with more than half of Americans (54%) agreeing that this debt is a “major problem” in the United States. When looking at registered voters, 58% of them say they’d support a plan that got rid of existing student loan debt—and to also make public colleges and universities, along with trade schools, tuition-free.

When it comes to private student loans, these loans can seldom be forgiven except under the direst of circumstances, such as when the borrower becomes completely disabled or dies.

Recommended: Understanding Private Student Loan Forgiveness Options

1099-C: Cancellation of Debt (Student Loans!)

When a borrower gets student loan debt forgiven, tax consequences should be investigated and, as with any tax-related question, it’s best to consult with an accountant or tax attorney.

Programs that require borrowers to serve in high-need areas or in public service can provide forgiveness of debt that’s tax-free. Current examples of tax-free forgiveness include Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Teacher Loan Forgiveness, and the National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program. Forgiveness under income-driven repayment plans is generally taxable.

The tax season after a borrower receives student loan forgiveness, they’ll likely receive a 1099-C form. This will list how much debt was forgiven in Box 2, so check to make sure it matches your records and then verify whether income taxes will be owed on this amount.

Some borrowers who will see tax consequences for forgiven student loan amounts may be pushed into a higher tax bracket. If this occurs, they will need to deal with a double whammy: more taxable income at a higher bracket.

In some cases, this will make it difficult for the borrower to pay the amount of income taxes owed for that year. Some may decide to put the amount on a credit card or take out a personal loan, while others negotiate with the IRS or set up a payment plan with the agency.

The Takeaway

Federal student loans come with benefits not available through private student loans, including the forgiveness programs like those offered by Public Service Loan Forgiveness or income-driven repayment plans. When federal student loans are refinanced, the borrower can’t benefit from the forgiveness programs anymore.

If you’re thinking about refinancing student loans, it may make sense to explore what’s available at SoFi. Check out this information about student loan refinancing while the ongoing relief due to COVID-19 is in effect and what can make sense (short answer: refinancing federal loans might not be the thing to do right now, but it could make sense to explore refinancing private student loans through SoFi).

SoFi offers competitive rates with no fees and, if and when the time is right, you can refinance your federal student loans with your private student loans, something that many financial institutions simply won’t do. Plus, it’s quick, easy, and convenient to apply online.

Find out if you pre-qualify and at what rate in minutes.



IF YOU ARE LOOKING TO REFINANCE FEDERAL STUDENT LOANS, PLEASE BE AWARE THAT THE WHITE HOUSE HAS ANNOUNCED UP TO $20,000 OF STUDENT LOAN FORGIVENESS FOR PELL GRANT RECIPIENTS AND $10,000 FOR QUALIFYING BORROWERS WHOSE STUDENT LOANS ARE FEDERALLY HELD. ADDITIONALLY, THE FEDERAL STUDENT LOAN PAYMENT PAUSE AND INTEREST HOLIDAY HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO DEC. 31, 2022. PLEASE CAREFULLY CONSIDER THESE CHANGES BEFORE REFINANCING FEDERALLY HELD LOANS WITH SOFI, SINCE THE AMOUNT OR PORTION OF YOUR FEDERAL STUDENT DEBT THAT YOU REFINANCE WILL NO LONGER QUALIFY FOR THE FEDERAL LOAN PAYMENT SUSPENSION, INTEREST WAIVER, OR ANY OTHER CURRENT OR FUTURE BENEFITS APPLICABLE TO FEDERAL LOANS. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION.
SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.

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Private Student Loan Relief Options

Private student loans can help fill the gap needed for students to pay for their tuition and living expenses, but they do not have the same relief programs that federal student loans provide.

Federal student loans offer more borrower protections after students graduate, especially if they face difficult economic circumstances such as the loss of a job, being furloughed from a position or if their salary is inadequate to pay all their bills. When borrowers take out a federal student loan, they have a few different options to choose from such as forgiveness or deferment programs until their financial circumstances change.

Are There Relief Options for Private Student Loans?

The options for private student loan relief are fewer. Private student loan forgiveness does not exist and no lenders offer this option.

When graduates face hurdles in repaying their private student loans, some lenders provide their own temporary assistance programs. These programs may provide temporary assistance to borrowers and the programs will vary based on the lender.

Read the fine print on temporary relief programs offered by private lenders. Generally, interest will continue to accrue while the loan is in forbearance, which can make the loan more expensive in the long-term. However, if you’re struggling to make repayments, securing forbearance could help provide breathing room to help you get back on track without missing payments.

If you are not sure whether or not the lender offers forbearance or other temporary assistance programs, try to contact them before missing any payments. They may have an option that could help or be willing to work with borrowers who are struggling.

Missing payments can potentially impact a borrower’s credit score. And if the borrower has a co-signer, their credit score may feel an impact as well.

Private Loans and COVID-19 Student Loan Relief Plans

The federal government has extended some relief options to borrowers with federal student loans due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of these policies do not apply to borrowers with private student loans.

As of March 2021, some borrowers with private student loans in default qualify to have their student loan payments paused. Borrowers with a defaulted loan made through the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program, may qualify for the federal protections offered . The FFEL program loans were made by private companies but were backed by the federal government. The program ended in 2010.

Recommended: Navigating Your Student Loans During COVID-19

Repaying Private Student Loans

Since there aren’t any real loan forgiveness options available for borrowers with private student loans, repaying them may become a financial priority. The repayment period for private student loans may vary based on lenders, so review the terms and payment schedule with your lender.

Some private student loans may have a grace period—a period of time after a student graduates where payments are not due. This will depend on the lender, so review your loan terms to find out if your private loan is eligible for a grace period. Interest may accrue during the grace period.

Other Ways to Payoff Private Student Loans

Other strategies to that can help students as they repay their student loans include:

•  Budgeting with Purpose. Factor student loan payments into your budget and prioritize repayments.
•  Enrolling in automatic payments. This can help you avoid missing payments. Some lenders may even offer a rate discount to borrowers who do enroll, so it’s worth asking.
•  Funneling additional income to student loans. Influx in cash thanks to a recent birthday, tax refund, bonus at work? Make an overpayment to the student loan.
•  Consider refinancing. Student loan refinancing can help qualifying borrowers secure a more competitive interest rate or preferable terms. Lowering the interest rate on a student loan could help borrowers save money over the life of the loan.

Recommended: 9 Smart Ways to Pay Off Student Loans

Why Refinancing Could Be Helpful

Refinancing could result in a lower interest rate which could also lower the minimum monthly payment. In some cases, getting a lower monthly payment requires extending the life of the loan, which can ultimately cost more.

Student loan refinancing means a new loan is obtained at a new interest rate and possibly a new term or the number of years you have to pay off the loan. Borrowers can generally choose between fixed or variable interest rates, depending on the options available at the lender they have decided to borrow from. Private lenders will generally rely on information like a borrower’s credit score and employment history to determine how much money a person can borrow, and at what interest rate.

Borrowers who are able to secure a lower interest rate may find that refinancing can help them spend less over the life of the loan. Additionally, a borrower with multiple private student loans might appreciate the opportunity to streamline their monthly payments to a single sum with a single lender.

The Takeaway

Some borrowers may be able to get some private student loan assistance, depending on the programs offered and policies in place with their private lender. In some cases, refinancing may make sense for borrowers who can qualify for a lower interest rate.

SoFi’s private student loans do not charge application or origination fees, offer competitive rates, flexible terms, a simple online application, and human support to answer your questions.

Learn more about refinancing with SoFi.



SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


IF YOU ARE LOOKING TO REFINANCE FEDERAL STUDENT LOANS, PLEASE BE AWARE THAT THE WHITE HOUSE HAS ANNOUNCED UP TO $20,000 OF STUDENT LOAN FORGIVENESS FOR PELL GRANT RECIPIENTS AND $10,000 FOR QUALIFYING BORROWERS WHOSE STUDENT LOANS ARE FEDERALLY HELD. ADDITIONALLY, THE FEDERAL STUDENT LOAN PAYMENT PAUSE AND INTEREST HOLIDAY HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO DEC. 31, 2022. PLEASE CAREFULLY CONSIDER THESE CHANGES BEFORE REFINANCING FEDERALLY HELD LOANS WITH SOFI, SINCE THE AMOUNT OR PORTION OF YOUR FEDERAL STUDENT DEBT THAT YOU REFINANCE WILL NO LONGER QUALIFY FOR THE FEDERAL LOAN PAYMENT SUSPENSION, INTEREST WAIVER, OR ANY OTHER CURRENT OR FUTURE BENEFITS APPLICABLE TO FEDERAL LOANS. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

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Top 30 States with Foreclosures in February 2021

Despite the economic fallout and job loss from the pandemic, the number of US properties with foreclosure filings in February was 11,281, down 77% from last year, according to ATTOM Data Solutions . This is likely thanks to the COVID-19 foreclosure moratorium for federally guaranteed mortgages, which has been extended to June 30, 2021. (Note: President Joe Biden’s executive order also extended the mortgage payment forbearance enrollment window to June 30, 2021.)

While foreclosures were down for the month compared to last year, they were up compared to the previous month: specifically, foreclosures in February were up 16% compared to January. Read on for the top 30 states with foreclosures in February 2021—plus top counties within those states.

States with the Highest Foreclosure Rates: 1 -10

The top 10 states are not located in any one region. That said, the South had five states in the top 10: Delaware, Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Northeast had none.

1. Utah

With a total 1,087,112 housing units, Utah’s foreclosure rate was 1 in every 3,883 homes in February. The 31st most populated state in the country, the state saw a total 280 foreclosure filings (default notices, scheduled auctions, and bank repossessions). The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Utah, Ulintah, Beaver, Juab and Carbon.

2. Delaware

With a total 433,195 housing units, Delaware’s foreclosure rate was 1 in every 5,219 homes. Ranking 45th for population, the state had 83 foreclosure filings in February. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Kent, Sussex, and New Castle.

3. Florida

The third most populated state, Florida was also third for most foreclosures. Of its 9,448,159 homes, 1,516 went into foreclosure–making the state’s foreclosure rate 1 in every 6,232. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Highlands, Levy, Hendry, Madison and Taylor.

4. Illinois

With a total housing unit count of 5,360,315, Illinois had 846 homes go into foreclosure, resulting in the state’s foreclosure rate of 1 in every 6,336. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Power, Boundary, Fremont, Payette, and Bannock.

5. Louisiana

With the 25th largest population in the country, Louisiana’s foreclosure rate of 1 in every 7,923 homes put it in the number five spot. Of its total 2,059,918 housing units, 260 went into foreclosure. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Washington, West Baton Rouge, Caddo, Jackson, and Union.

Recommended: Tips on Buying a Foreclosed Home

6. Indiana

With a total 2,886,548 housing units in the state, Indiana’s foreclosure rate was 1 in every 7,930 homes. Ranked the 17th most populated, the state ranked 6th for foreclosures with a total 364 filings. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Vermillion, Clinton, Jasper, Fountain, and Huntington.

7. Ohio

Just like Florida, Ohio’s population ranking (7th) matches its foreclosure rate ranking. With 1 in every 8,310 households going into foreclosure, the state had 626 homes of a total 5,202,304 go into foreclosure. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Lake, Fairfield, Trumbull, Marion, and Cuyahoga.

8. South Carolina

With 1 in every 8,565 homes going into foreclosure, South Carolina was a close eighth to Ohio. Ranked 23rd for population, South Carolina has 2,286,826 housing units and saw 267 foreclosure filings. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Mccormick, Allendale, Fairfield, Darlington, and Bamberg.

9. Wyoming

Though it’s the least populated state in the country, Wyoming ranks 9th for foreclosures with 1 in every 8,651 homes. Of its 276,846 homes, 32 homes were foreclosed on. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Weston, Carbon, Uinta, Campbell, and Lincoln.

10. Georgia

Eighth for most populated state, Georgia was tenth for most foreclosures. It has 4,283,477 housing units, of which 472 went into foreclosure—making the state’s foreclosure rate 1 in every 9,075 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Berrien, Baker, Terrell, Oglethorpe, and Candler.

States with the Highest Foreclosure Rates: 11 – 20

With the next group of states, the trend of the South (North Carolina, Missouri, Oklahoma, Alabama, and Mississippi) dominating foreclosure rates continues. The Northeast appears with Maine and New Jersey and the West Coast debuts with California.

11. Maine

Ranked as the 9th least populated state, Maine saw a total 81 foreclosures in February. With a total 742,788 housing units, its foreclosure rate was 1 in every 9,170 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Oxford, Penobscot, Franklin, Waldo, and Somerset.

12. California

The most populated state is only 12th for foreclosures. Of its 14,175,976 homes, 1,427 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 9,934 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Calaveras, Sutter, Trinity, Kern, and Butte.

13. North Carolina

The 9th most populated state has 4,627,089 homes, of which 462 homes went into foreclosure. That makes the state’s foreclosure rate 1 in every 10,015 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Hyde, Anson, Lenoir, Onslow, and Bertie.

14. Missouri

Of Missouri’s 2,790,397 housing units, 265 homes went into foreclosure in February. The 18th most populated state’s foreclosure rate is 1 in every 10,530 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Moniteau, Pike, Montgomery, Greene, and Adair.

Recommended: What Is a Short Sale?

15. Iowa

The 30th most populated state, Iowa is 15th for most foreclosures. Of its 1,397,087 homes, 128 were foreclosed on. That puts the state’s foreclosure rate at 1 in every 10,915 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Guthrie, Wayne, Hamilton, Davis, and Adair.

16. Oklahoma

With 154 of its 1,731,632 homes going into foreclosure, Oklahoma’s foreclosure rate is 1 in every 11,244 households. In the 28th most populated state, the counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Roger Mills, Pawnee, Pontotoc, Muskogee, and Choctaw.

17. Alabama

Ranked 24th for most populated, Alabama was 17th for foreclosures. Of its 2,255,026 homes, 198 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 11,389 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Marshall, Jefferson, Coffee, Autauga, and Shelby.

18. New Jersey

New Jersey has a total of 3,616,614 housing units and 317 homes are in foreclosure. While it’s ranked 11th most populated state, its foreclosure rate of 1 in every 11,409 homes puts it in 18th place. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Salem, Atlantic, Sussex, Gloucester, and Cumberland.

19. Alaska

The third least populated state, Alaska has 314,670 homes, of which 26 went into foreclosure in February. That means its foreclosure rate is 1 in every 12,103 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Matanuska-Susitna, Anchorage, Fairbanks North Star, Juneau, and Kenai Peninsula.

20. Mississippi

In the number 20 spot for most foreclosures,Mississippi ranks as 33rd for most populated–and has 1,322,808 homes. A total 107 went into foreclosure in February, making the state’s foreclosure rate 1 in every 12,363 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Scott, Simpson, Lawrence, Bolivar, and Pike.

States with the Highest Foreclosure Rates: 21 – 30

The remaining states (21 to 30) in our rankings of the highest foreclosure rates are mainly located in the Northeast: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. The Midwest and Southwest were tied with two states each: Wisconsin and Nebraska and Texas and Arizona.

21. Connecticut

With housing units totaling 1,516,629, Connecticut saw 116 homes go into foreclosure. That puts the 29th most populated state in 21st place, with a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 13,074 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Windham, Litchfield, Tolland, Hartford, and Middlesex.

22. Arizona

Though ranked as the 14th most populated state, Arizona’s total 228 foreclosures (out of 3,003,286 total housing units) puts it in 22nd place for most foreclosures. The state’s foreclosure rate is 1 in every 13,172 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Apache, Mohave, Pima, Santa Cruz, and Pinal.

23. Pennsylvania

With a total 5,693,314 housing units, Pennsylvania saw 421 homes go into foreclosure. That puts the foreclosure rate for the 5th most populated state at 1 in every 13,523 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Philadelphia, Lycoming, Cambria, Luzerne, and Wyoming.

24. Maryland

The 19th most populated state ranks 24th for foreclosures. Of its 2,448,422 housing units, 170 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 14,402 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Somerset, Allegany, Prince George’s County, Caroline, and Baltimore City.

25. Wisconsin

In Wisconsin, the 20th most populated state, there were 179 foreclosures (out of 2,694,527 housing units.) That puts its foreclosure rate at 1 in every 15,053 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Florence, Ashland, Langlade, Vernon, and Grant.

26. Massachusetts

Ranked 15th for most populated, Massachusetts came in as 26th for foreclosures. With 2,897,259 housing units and 172 homes in foreclosure, the state’s foreclosure rate was 1 in every 16,845 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Hampden, Franklin, Berkshire, Worcester, and Barnstable.

Recommended: Home Buying 101: How Much House You Can Afford

27. Texas

The second most populated state was 27th for foreclosures. Of 10,937,026 homes, 636 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 17,197 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Liberty, Atascosa, Franklin, Mills, and Mcculloch.

28. New Hampshire

New Hampshire’s total number of foreclosures was only in the double digits: 35. But in a state with the 10th smallest population (and 634,726 housing units), that number put it in the 28th spot for foreclosures, making for a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 18,135 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Cheshire, Sullivan, Merrimack, Belknap, and Strafford.

29. Nebraska

With 46 of a total 837,476 housing units in foreclosure, Nebraska’s total number is also in the double digits. But with a foreclosure rate of 1 in every 18,206 households, the 14th least populated state holds 29th for foreclosures.. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Cuming, Nemaha, Red Willow, Scotts Bluff, and Antelope.

30. Virginia

Last but not least, Virginia saw 192 homes go into foreclosure in February. That nabbed the 12th most populated state the 30th spot on our list. With 3,514,032 total housing units, the state’s foreclosure rate was 1 in every 18,302 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (in descending order): Emporia City, Norton City, Nottoway, King William, and Lancaster.

The Takeaway

Of the top 20 states with the highest foreclosure rates, half were in the South: Delaware, Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, Georgia, North Carolina, Missouri, Oklahoma, Alabama, and Mississippi. Of the top 30 states, Florida had the most number of foreclosures (1,516) and Alaska had the least (26).

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When Should I Start Saving for My Child’s College?

It’s hard to find anything close to the pride and joy having kids can bring you. And one of the best gifts we can give them is a solid education. That means reading to them when they’re toddlers, helping them with homework, and paving the way to college.

It’s a good idea to begin putting a college plan in place as soon as you can.

As the end of high school nears, not only are grades and school involvement important, but here comes the potential expense of entry into college. Waiting until then to look at the cost of attendance could be jaw-dropping.

Whether you plan to foot the whole bill or cover just a portion, you may want to start thinking about how much you can save monthly to hit your target.

Considering the Future Costs

As you think about saving for college, consider the potential cost of when your child will actually attend rather than focus on what it costs now.

There’s the matter of tuition and fees, usually reported as one figure. The averages for the 2020-2021 academic year, according to CollegeData:

•  $10,560 at public colleges (for in-state residents)
•  $27,020 at public colleges (for out-of-state residents)
•  $37,650 at private colleges

“Cost of attendance” for a year includes that figure and, usually, room and board, books, supplies, transportation, and personal expenses. For the 2020-2021 academic year, CollegeData put the average cost of room and board alone at:

•  $11,620 at public colleges
•  $13,120 at private colleges

Living and eating at Mom and Dad’s obviously will reduce those costs.

The average price of books and supplies for students at both public and private colleges came to $1,240.

Now let’s say you want to estimate what college costs might be years later, when your child sets off for college. Assuming 15 years until your child starts as a freshman and a 5% increase in costs per year, here’s the estimate per year 15 years down the road for tuition, fees, room, and board.

•  Cost today at a four-year public college, in-state rate: $22,180
•  In 15 years: $46,111

•  Cost today at a four-year public college, out-of-state rate: $38,640
•  In 15 years: $80,330

•  Cost today at a private four-year school (average): $50,770
•  In 15 years: $105,547

Keep in mind that most college students take more than four years to get a bachelor’s degree. In fact, most take five or six years, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.

Those are big numbers, but every student who meets eligibility requirements can get some type of federal student aid, says the Federal Student Aid office. And then there’s merit aid, or merit scholarships, which are based on academic achievement or other talents or skills. Merit-based aid does not have to be paid back.

College Savings Vehicles to Consider

There are several options and accounts to help you with saving for your child’s college education. Some have tax benefits and others offer flexibility, should your child decide to forgo college, so you should explore the plan that best fits your specific needs.

Ways to save for college include:

•  A 529 plan, which breaks down into two categories: educational savings plans and prepaid tuition plans.
•  Coverdell Education Savings Account
•  UGMA/UTMA accounts

The difficult part in deciding when to start saving for college isn’t always as simple as picking out a savings plan. It might be less about “when” and more about “how”—finding room in your budget to meet education expenses and all your other financial goals.

Balancing College Savings With Retirement Savings

If you’re like many young parents, you may be wondering how to juggle college savings with all of your other expenses, including debts and retirement contributions. Drawing up a savings plan that doesn’t jeopardize your retirement planning or send your household finances into a nosedive is a great place to start.

Scholarships and student loans may be accessible to help pay for your child’s education, but the same cannot be said for your retirement nest egg. You would do well to consider how long you’ll need money in retirement and how that compares with four to six years toward a bachelor’s degree.

To get a better handle on how much money you will need to retire, the AARP advises asking four key questions : How much will you spend? How much will you earn on your savings? How long will you live? How much can you withdraw from savings each year?

One study found that the combined income and savings of parents and students makes up for nearly half (47%) of the funding families use to cover the entire cost of school. It also found that parents pay 10% of the total amount due by borrowing, and that students cover 14% with student loans and other debt-forming sources.

Parents deciding when to start saving for college might not want to think of it as an I-must-pay-for-it-all prospect. If you’re still stumped on how to balance both goals, it’s OK. At the end of 2019, before the financial repercussions of COVID-19, many non-retirees were struggling to save, the Federal Reserve found.

These eight tips for finding “hidden” money could help you get started thinking about funding retirement and college at the same time.

As college enrollment time gets closer, you could have a family discussion on how much student loan debt you and your child are willing to take on, if necessary.

💡 Recommended: Understanding the Different Retirement Plans

What If I Still Have Student Loan Debt?

Many parents who wonder when to start saving for their child’s college may also be asking how they can reduce their own college debt. U.S. student loan debt has ballooned to $1.71 trillion, the Fed reported. That’s an average of $37,700 in loans each for 45 million Americans.

If you find yourself with student loan debt while also saving for your child’s college education, there are at least four options that might help you to free up more money:

•  Federal student loan consolidation
•  Federal student loan forgiveness
•  Federal income-driven repayment plans
•  Refinancing private and/or federal student loans through a private lender

With student loan refinancing, depending on your credit history and income, you could qualify for a lower rate than the one you currently have on your student loans.

This could mean savings over the life of the loan, depending on the repayment term you select. But know that if you refinance federal student loans, you’ll lose out on any repayment plans or protections offered by the federal government, like Public Service Loan Forgiveness and income-driven repayment plans.

The Takeaway

When to start saving for a child’s college education? The sooner, the better. First, though, it’s best to make sure you are on steady financial footing, and then, if possible, find money here and there to save for your children’s college.

If you happen to still have student loans of your own, you may want to look at the flexible terms and fixed or variable rates SoFi offers to refinance student loans into one new loan with one monthly payment. There are no application or origination fees, and checking your rate takes two minutes.

Learn more about refinancing your student loans with SoFi.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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