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39 Passive Income Ideas to Build Wealth in 2024

With inflation and interest rates rising, many people are looking for ways to generate additional income these days — and finding reliable sources of passive income, which require less effort than most jobs — has become particularly desirable.

Creating and managing passive income streams isn’t a truly passive activity, however. Generating passive income usually requires upfront work, or sometimes a substantial investment to get the ball rolling. And depending on what your passive income ideas are, whether you’re renting out property or selling a product via online platforms, you’ll likely have ongoing tasks to keep the money coming in.

That said, passive income can in some cases deliver more income with less effort than a traditional job that requires a fixed number of hours per week.

Key Points

•   Passive income is money earned without active involvement.

•   High-interest savings accounts, investing in business, P2P lending, and rental properties are some ways to generate passive income.

•   Benefits of passive income include extra money with less effort, freedom, and flexibility.

•   Initial work and investments are often needed to set up a stream of passive income.

•   The opposite of passive income is active income, which usually involves a job and is also known as earned income.

What Is Passive Income?

Passive income is money that you earn without active involvement. In other words, it is income that isn’t attached to an hourly wage or annual salary. Passive income ideas could include things like cash flow from rental properties, dividend stocks, sales of a product (that requires little or no effort), royalties, and more.

Essentially, these side hustles can help you earn money without contributing much, if any, active effort. If you are paid for a service you perform, that’s active income — you have to put in time and energy in order to get paid. If you can continue making money while staying mostly hands-off, that can be a form of passive income. That doesn’t mean you won’t have to put work in up front to get started — you probably will. But besides some maintenance, passive income shouldn’t require your active involvement.

There are obvious benefits to these low-effort side hustles over traditional active income. Earning more money without putting in more hours offers the opportunity to make extra cash without burning yourself out. If you’re successful enough, it might even give you the freedom and flexibility to quit your day job and do whatever you want instead, whether that’s going to school, traveling, writing, or making art.

39 Passive Income Ideas to Help You Make Money

There are a number of ways to earn passive income. Some options, like the following types of passive income, take relatively little active supervision.

1. Open a High-Yield Savings Account

A high-yield savings account (HYSA) is an alternative to traditional savings accounts, and they’re attracting more attention these days thanks to higher interest payments that might be 2% or more. By simply putting your money in the bank, you may be able to start to earn passive income on it. If you invest in an FDIC-insured account, the first $250,000 of your money is protected. There are both banks and online platforms which offer a high-yield savings account.

Savings accounts are generally appealing because they are a separate place to store money you don’t necessarily want to use on day-to-day expenses. For example, it could be a good place to save for emergencies, or even to save for a vacation or a move across the country.

When you find a high-interest savings account, take a look at the fine print. What conditions are attached for you to get that rate? The financial institution may require you to have a certain amount of money deposited into that account each month, maintain a certain balance or have your bills automatically deducted from it. You may need to use your debit card a predetermined number of times, as yet another example — or be limited in the number of transactions that can take place each month.

Tip: Using an online high-yield savings account calculator can help you estimate how much you can earn in interest over time.

Earn up to 3.80% APY with a high-yield savings account from SoFi.

No account or monthly fees. No minimum balance.

9x the national average savings account rate.

Up to $3M of additional FDIC insurance.

Sort savings into Vaults, auto save with Roundups.


2. Invest In a Business

Although this may take an up-front investment, buying into a business and becoming a silent partner can be another passive income source.

Even if the company you are thinking of investing in seems solid, it’s important to have an understanding of the challenges the organization may face. There are some red flags to look out for, such as a company whose revenue is earned from just a couple of clients — or just one client — as opposed to several.

It’s also important to lay out the exact terms of your investment and compensation.

3. Become a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lender

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms are another type of crowdfunding that allows people to borrow money from individual investors. Through these sites, you can be matched with an individual seeking a loan, and lend your money at a rate that could be higher than the usual bank rates.

That’s because investors taking part in peer-to-peer lending tend to bear the bulk of any risk. It is possible that borrowers will default on their loans, leading to a higher risk if an investor were to lend money with a lower credit rating, for example. Returns are never guaranteed and while investors will receive a return on the money they invest, they could also lose some or all of it in the long run.

💡 Learn more: Understanding How P2P Lending Works

4. Buy a Rental Property

Another popular passive income source is rental property. You might want to purchase a home to rent out to an ongoing tenant or list a property on a short-term rental site. Hiring a property management company lessens your day-to-day involvement, thereby making this venture a more passive income strategy than active.

Obviously, setting up this type of income requires a pretty big outlay, and it may be a while before your investment property generates a profit over and above the many expenses required to run it. In addition, there are always risks in the rental markets to keep in mind.

💡 Learn more: Investment Property Guide for Beginners

5. Invest in Crowdfunded Real Estate

If you don’t have thousands of dollars to spend on a piece of property, you can always check out your options on crowdfunded real estate sites. These may require a smaller initial investment, and likewise the costs are also shared.

Crowdfunded real estate investments can be complex, however, and you’ll want to balance the risks and rewards.

6. Invest in Dividend Stocks

When companies choose to share a portion of their profits with the investors who own shares of the firm, those payments are called dividends, and they work generally the same way from company to company.

Typically, dividends are paid in cash (though some might be paid in stock), on a regular schedule. Dividends are usually paid quarterly, though there are variations.

dividend yield formula

Investors might receive dividends from companies they’re invested in, or from mutual funds they’re invested in that hold shares of dividend-paying companies.

There is no guarantee that investing in dividend stocks will continue to earn you passive income. As Liz Young Thomas, Head of Investment Strategy at SoFi, points out, “A stock’s dividend yield will fluctuate because it’s based on the stock’s price and prices can be volatile. You should also consider other factors like a company’s track record of increasing the dividend, the dividend payout ratio, debt load, and cash on hand when determining the overall health of an investment.”

💡 Learn more: What Is Dividend Income? Can You Live Off It?

7. Invest with an Automated Advisor

If you’re just getting started with investing, you may want to use automated investing tools to help you choose the appropriate allocation of assets for your goals.

Typically, an automated platform — also called a robo-advisor — is a digital investing service that provides you with a questionnaire so you can establish your financial goals, risk preferences, and time horizon.

On the backend, a sophisticated algorithm then recommends a pre-set, automated portfolio that aligns with your responses. These portfolios often have lower account minimums compared with traditional brokers, and the portfolios themselves are typically comprised of low-cost exchange-traded funds (ETFs) — which adds to the cost efficiency of some robo products.

You can use a robo investing as you would any account — for retirement, as a taxable investment account, or even for your emergency fund — and you typically invest using automatic deposits or contributions. The allocation in each portfolio is usually pre-determined, and investors cannot change the investments.

Tools such as SoFi’s Automated Investing allow you to automatically invest each month and potentially grow your portfolio over time.

8. Start a Retirement Account

When you open your retirement account, you can choose to invest it however you want. For example, you could open an individual retirement account (IRA) online.

One way to earn income in a retirement account is by investing in mutual funds. You can choose the level of risk you want to take with your money by finding a mutual fund that is higher or lower risk.

💡 Learn more: 4 Easy Steps to Starting a Retirement Plan

9. Join an Affiliate Program

When you join a company’s affiliate program, you earn a commission from every product that someone purchases from that company. All you have to do is post the link on your blog, website, or social media pages. Amazon Associates is a great place to start.

10. Rent Out Your Car

Another one of the best passive income opportunities is renting out your car on a site like Turo. It’s basically the Airbnb of cars, and, according to Turo, the average annual income for one car on the site is $10,516.

If you have a clean driving record as well as a newer car, consider getting in touch with a car advertising agency. You simply drive around town with ads on your car and easily generate passive income.

woman driving in car with advertisement

12. Rent Your Parking Space

Do you have space in your driveway that you aren’t using? Then rent it out on platforms like Stow It, where you can find people who will pay to rent out the space.

13. Rent Storage Space

If you have extra space in your garage, shed, or storage unit, then you could start earning passive income by using a peer-to-peer storage site like Stashii to find people who need your space.

14. Invest in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

An alternative to becoming a property owner or landlord are real estate investment trusts, or REITs. REITs are publicly traded companies on the stock market that own income-producing real estate. They give you the chance to invest in real estate portfolios. REITs sometimes come at a higher risk than other funds.

You might consider investing in a REIT that focuses on storage units. For example, one option is Public Storage, which has ownership or interest in 2,548 properties located in 38 states.

💡 For more alternative investment options, check out: Alternative Investments: Definition and Types

15. Rent Your Bike

Perhaps you don’t have a car, but you do have a bike that’s just sitting around. Your bike could be a lucrative passive income source, especially if you live in a high-traffic area. List your bike on Spinlister to get started.

16. Airbnb or Rent Out a Room

Even if you don’t own an investment property, with your landlord’s permission, you may be able to rent out a room in your apartment or list it on Airbnb.

travels staying at an airbnb summer rental

17. Pet Sit in Your Home

If you love pets, you can earn passive income by welcoming pets into your home while their owners are on vacation. For instance, you could charge $30 to $80 per day just for running a doggy daycare. You can gain clients through word of mouth or use a site like Rover to find customers.

18. House Sit for Someone

When your friends go out of town, they may need someone to stay in their home and do simple things like water their plants and collect their mail. You can easily make money and have somewhere new to stay for a little bit. Along with making yourself available to friends, you can sign up to be a house sitter on HouseSitter.com.

19. Buy and Sell Domain Names

Some domain names are cheap, while others cost a lot of money because they are in high demand. One thing you could do to start another passive income stream is to purchase domain names you think will be popular. Purchase low for around $10 to $100 and then sell them for a much higher price later on.

desktop computer ready to buy domain name

20. Rent Your Tools

Have you ever done a home improvement project that required you to purchase tools? You may never need to use those tools again. Thankfully, now you can rent tools, and rent out your tools, on peer-to-peer platforms such as Sparetoolz to earn passive income.

21. Invest in Royalties

Let’s say you don’t have any songwriting ability, but you would like to make money on other artists’ work. You can invest in royalties through Royalty Exchange and earn passive income on the intellectual property.

22. Purchase a Billboard

You can make thousands of dollars per month if you own a billboard where companies can advertise their products and services. Do your research and make sure you get the right permits before committing to a billboard.

23. Purchase a Blog

If you don’t have the time or energy to create content for your own blog, then look into ones that are already successful and see if the owners are willing to sell. You could also hire someone to manage your blog so that you’re truly earning in a passive way.

24. Create an Online Course

If you have a special skill or knowledge about a certain topic, you may be able to create a video course where you teach people about that topic and charge them to take the course.

25. Sell Digital Products

You may want to research online platforms where you can sell everything from digital art to e-books. Whether you’re an artist, graphic designer, or writer, you can create digital products to sell online.

woman smiling after selling art online

26. License Your Photos

Many companies, bloggers, and individuals use stock photos on a regular basis. You may be able to upload your best photos to stock media platforms and earn passive income on them.

27. Create a Mobile App

If you’ve been dreaming about an amazing phone app that you think a lot of other people would use, you may want to look into hiring a development team to create it.

28. Sell a Product

You may be able to earn passive income through sales of a product that you create. This could be a book that you write or a physical product that you design and make. You might also list items you already own on sites like eBay and earn extra income through those sales.

young woman selling bowls at market

29. License Your Music

Do you love to write songs? Then you could license your music and start earning passive income. You’ll just have to team up with a music licensing company to get started.

30. Self-Publish a Book

Through platforms like Amazon’s KDP, you can self-publish a book and earn a royalty on it every time someone makes a purchase. You will be able to set the price of your book and be in full control of your book’s Amazon page, where you can list pictures of the book, reviews, and videos promoting it.

31. Sell Blank Books

You can start selling books online without having to write anything. How? By focusing on blank books, such as journals, sketchbooks, and planners. Simply find a design you believe will appeal to people and begin collecting royalties when people buy your books.

32. Create Greeting Cards

Another artistic endeavor that could be a good passive income stream is creating greeting cards that you sell to a wholesale or retail stationery company that accepts independent artist submissions.

33. Sign Up for Dropshipping

If you want to sell products and make money online but don’t want to store any of the goods, you could always look into dropshipping to create passive income. With dropshipping, you don’t have to have much money to start since you don’t need inventory to fulfill orders for customers.

34. Start a Blog

Blogging seems like a pretty cool space to operate in and gives you a lot of creative freedom. You can make your blog all about crafts, share tutorials, ideas, and more. It’s up to you how your space operates.

Blogging might seem like too much work to many people, but it doesn’t have to be a full-time job for everyone. For some people, blogging can be fun after a day at the office — and, with time and effort, it could turn into something more lucrative.

Here are a few ideas on how you can make passive income from blogging:

•   Affiliate marketing

•   Google AdSense: Cost Per Click and Cost Per Impression

•   Sponsored posts

•   Selling products

35. Start a YouTube Channel

If you enjoy creating videos more than writing, then consider starting your own YouTube channel. Once you get enough viewers, you can begin to generate passive income through YouTube advertising.

young woman recording a new video for youtube

36. Publish an Ebook

Like an online course, an ebook is a way to share your expertise with the world. Anyone can self-publish a book online through services like Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing, iBooks Author, or Kobo Writing Life.

The percentage of royalties you earn varies depending on the publisher. Of course, the more marketing you do, the more copies you’re likely to sell — and there’s no shortage of online marketing strategies to investigate. But once you write and publish the e-book, it’s out there ready to generate passive income for you.

37. Create a Podcast

Podcasts are still popular, and they can generate some passive income for you. If you start a podcast that resonates with people, then you can grow your audience and monetize your show by sponsoring with ad partners. If you get enough listeners, you may be able to sign up for podcast advertising networks.

38. Start an ATM Business

When people are out at a bar or nightclub or they’re frequenting a cash-only business, they may need cash right away. If you own an ATM business and you place your ATM in high-traffic locations, you could start to generate passive income through surcharge fees. Typically, you could earn around $3 per withdrawal.

39. Start a Vending Machine Business

Similar to an ATM business, a vending machine business allows you to use your creativity and determine high-traffic areas where you could make a lot of money. If you buy in bulk, you’ll be able to save on the snacks and drinks you purchase for your machines.

Potential Benefits of Earning Passive Income

There are only 24 hours in a day. If you go to a job each day that pays you a set amount of money, that is the maximum amount that you’ll ever make in a 24-hour period. That is called earned income.

By investing some of that earned income into different passive income ideas, you may be able to increase your earnings. Diversifying your income stream may also improve your financial security. Some benefits of passive income are:

•  More Free Time: By earning money through passive income sources, you might be able to free time in your schedule. You may choose to spend more time with your family, pursue a creative project or new business idea, or travel the world.

•  Financial Security: Even if you still plan to keep your 9-to-5 job, having multiple sources of income could help increase your financial security. If you lose your job, become sick, or get injured, you may still have money coming in to cover expenses. This is especially important if you are supporting a family.

•  Tax Benefits: You may want certain legal protections for your personal assets or to qualify for tax breaks. Consulting with an attorney and/or tax advisor to explore setting up a formal business structure like a sole proprietorship, a limited liability company (LLC), or a corporation, for example, might help you decide if this is a good route for your particular situation.

•  Location Flexibility: If you don’t have to go into an office each day, you’ll be free to move around and, possibly, live anywhere in the world. Many streams of passive income can be managed from your phone or laptop.

•  Achieve Financial Independence: The definition of financial independence is having enough income to cover your expenses without having to actively work in order to cover living expenses. This could allow you to retire early and have more freedom to live your life the way you choose. Whether you’re interested in retiring early or not, passive income can be one way to help you reach financial independence.

•  Pay Off Debt: Passive income may help you to supplement your income so that you will have the opportunity to pay off any debts more quickly.

Potential Downsides of Earning Passive Income

Although it might sound like a dream come true to quit your job and travel the world, earning through passive income is not quite that simple.

•  Earning Passive Income Is Not a Passive Activity: Whether you’re generating passive income through a rental income, running a blog, or in another way, you will still need to put in some time and effort. It takes upfront investment to get these income sources up and running, and they don’t always work out as planned.

If, for example, you run an Airbnb, you have to maintain the property, ensure a high-quality experience for guests, and address any issues or concerns guests may have to secure positive reviews.

•  Passive Income Requires Diversity: In order to earn enough passive income to quit your job and cover all your expenses, you would most likely need more than one source of income. Although you may no longer need to clock into a 9-to-5 job, you will likely still need to spend time managing multiple income streams.

•  It’s Lonely at the Top: It might sound great to never have to go to the office again and to have the freedom to travel, but earning money through passive income can become lonely.

Not having anyone to talk to during the day might make you feel lonely, and if you aren’t self-motivated, you may find it difficult to stay on task if you need to manage your passive income streams.

•  Getting Started May Require Investment: Depending on how you plan to create passive income, it may require an initial financial investment. You may need money for a down payment on an investment property, the development of a product you plan to sell, or for investment into dividend stocks.

Managing Passive Income Streams

No matter which type of passive income you choose to pursue, it’s important to keep track of your personal finances and both your short-term and long-term financial goals.

Tracking multiple sources of income in a monthly budget can be a complex task. To be profitable, it’s important to pay attention to how much money you put into the maintenance of your passive income stream(s), such as property upkeep or monthly online services.

SoFi is one option to simplify how you manage your income streams because it allows you to see all of your financial information in one place. In the app, you can keep track of your monthly income and create goals for your passive income, such as a home, vacation, or retirement, and automate your personal finances.

The Takeaway

Establishing passive income streams is one way to diversify your income and can help you build wealth and achieve financial freedom in the long term. There are a variety of ways to earn passive income, such as through investing, rental properties, and automated investing.

Some passive income sources require a financial commitment or upfront investment, such as purchasing a rental property, and others may require a time commitment. And passive income, of course, is rarely 100% passive. Often there is considerable time and effort that goes into setting up a passive income stream. And some sources of passive income (from investing, real estate, running a business or creative endeavor) require ongoing maintenance.

Once you’re earning passive income, you can think about where to put that money. Whether you’re able to generate a passive income stream from your investments, or that’s a goal of yours, consider opening an Active Invest account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds, and SoFi also offers an automated portfolio.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.


SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.


Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $50 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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What Is a Returned Item Fee (NSF Fee)?

Returned Item Fees: What They Are & How to Avoid Them

Returned item charges are bank fees that are assessed when you don’t have enough money in your account to cover a check (or online payment) and the bank doesn’t cover that payment. Instead, they return the check or deny the electronic payment, and hit you with a penalty fee. Returned item fees are also called non-sufficient funds (NSF) fees. While these fees used to be ubiquitous, some banks have chosen to eliminate them.

Read on to learn exactly what NSF/returned item fees are and how you can avoid paying them.

Key Points

•   Returned item fees, also known as non-sufficient funds (NSF) fees, are charged when an account lacks enough funds to cover a check or electronic payment.

•   These fees can be avoided by closely monitoring account balances and setting up bank alerts for low balances.

•   Linking a savings account to a checking account can provide a backup to cover shortfalls, potentially avoiding NSF fees.

•   Using a debit card strategically can prevent large holds that might lead to NSF fees for other transactions.

•   Choosing a bank that offers no-fee overdraft protection can also help avoid these fees.

What Is a Non-Sufficient Funds (NSF) Fee?

A non-sufficient fund or NSF fee is the same thing as a returned item fee. These are fees banks charge when someone does not have enough money in their checking account to cover a paper check, e-check, or electronic payment. They are assessed because the bank has to put forth additional work to deal with this situation. They also serve as a way for banks to make money. The average NSF fee is $19.94.

In addition to being hit with an NSF fee from the bank, having bounced checks and rejected electronic payments can cause you to receive returned check fees, late fees, or interest charges from the service provider or company you were attempting to pay.

💡 Quick Tip: Banish bank fees. Open a new bank account with SoFi and you’ll pay no overdraft, minimum balance, or any monthly fees.

How Do Non-Sufficient Fund Fees Work?

Here’s a basic example. Let’s say that someone has $500 in the bank. They withdraw $100 from an ATM and forget to record that transaction. Then, they write a check for $425, believing that those funds are available:

•   Original balance: $500

•   ATM withdrawal: $100

•   New actual balance: $400

•   Check amount: $425

•   Problem: The check is for $25 more than what is currently available.

The financial institution could refuse to honor this check (in other words, the check would “bounce” or be considered a “bad check”) and charge an NSF fee to the account holder. This is not the same thing as an overdraft fee.

An overdraft fee comes into play when you sign up for overdraft protection. Overdraft protection is an agreement with the bank to cover overdrafts on a checking account. This service typically involves a fee (called an overdraft fee) and is generally limited to a preset maximum amount.

Are NSF Fees Legal?

Yes, NSF or returned item fees are legal on bounced checks and returned electronic bill payments. However, they should not be charged on debit card transactions or ATM withdrawals.

If you don’t opt in to overdraft coverage (i.e., agree to pay overdraft fees for certain transactions), then the financial institution cannot legally charge overdraft (or NSF) fees for debit card transactions or ATM withdrawals. Instead, the institution would simply decline the transaction when you try to make it.

No federal law states a maximum NSF fee. But The Truth in Lending Act does require banks to disclose their fees to customers when they open an account.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has been pushing banks to eliminate NSF fees, and their efforts have paid off. Many banks have done away with NSF fees and others have lowered them.

Are NSF Fees Refundable?

You can always ask for a refund. If you’ve been with a financial institution for a while and this is your first NSF fee, you could contact the bank and ask for a refund. The financial institution may see you as a loyal customer that they don’t want to lose, so they may say “yes.” That said, it’s entirely up to them — and, even if they agree the first time, they will probably be less willing if it becomes a pattern. (Or, they may say “no” to the very first request.)

Recommended: Common Bank Fees and How to Avoid Them

Do NSF Fees Affect Your Credit?

Not directly, no. Banking history isn’t reported to the consumer credit bureaus. Indirectly, however, NSF fees could hurt your credit. If a check bounces — say, one to pay your mortgage, car payment, credit card bill, or personal loan — this may cause that payment to be late. If payments are at least 30 days late, loans and credit cards can be reported as delinquent, which can hurt your credit.

And if a payment bounces more than once, a company might send the bill to a collections agency. This information could appear on a credit report and damage your credit. If you don’t pay your NSF fees, the bank may send your debt to a collection agency, which could be reported to the credit bureaus.

Also, keep in mind that any bounced checks or overdrafts could be reported to ChexSystems, a banking reporting agency that works similarly to the credit bureaus. Too many bounced checks or overdrafts could make it hard to open a bank account in the future.

What Happens if You Don’t Pay Your NSF Fees?

If you don’t pay your NSF fees, the bank could suspend or close your account and report your negative banking history to ChexSystems. This could make it difficult for you to open a checking or savings account at another bank or credit union in the future. In addition, the bank may send your debt to a collection agency, which can be reported to the credit bureaus.

How Much Are NSF Fees?

NSF were once as high as $35 per incident but have come down in recent years. The average NSF is now $19.94, which is an historical low.

When Might I Get an NSF Fee?

NSF fees can be charged when there are insufficient funds in your account to cover a check or electronic payment as long as the bank’s policy includes those fees.

Recommended: Negative Bank Balance: What Happens to Your Account?

What’s the Difference Between an NSF and an Overdraft Fee?

An NSF fee can be charged if there aren’t enough funds in your account to cover a transaction and no overdraft protection exists. The check or transaction will not go through, and the fee may be charged.

Some financial institutions, though, do provide overdraft protection. If you opt in to overdraft protection and you have insufficient funds in your account to cover a payment, the bank would cover the amount (which means there is no bounced check or rejected payment), and then the financial institution may charge an overdraft fee. So with overdraft, the transaction you initiated does go through; with an NSF or returned item situation, the transaction does not go through and you need to redo it. Fees may be assessed, however, in both scenarios.

How to Avoid NSF Fees

There are ways to avoid overdraft fees or NSF fees. Here are some strategies to try.

Closely Watch Your Balances

If you know your bank balance, including what’s outstanding in checks, withdrawals, and transfers, then a NSF situation shouldn’t arise. Using your bank’s mobile app or other online access to your accounts can streamline the process of checking your account. Try to get in the habit of looking every few days or at least once a week.

Keep a Cushion Amount

With this strategy, you always keep a certain dollar amount in your account that’s above and beyond what you spend. If it’s significant enough, a minor slip up still shouldn’t trigger an NSF scenario.

💡 Quick Tip: If your checking account doesn’t offer decent rates, why not apply for an online checking account with SoFi to earn 0.50% APY. That’s 7x the national checking account average.

Set Up Automatic Alerts

Many financial institutions allow you to sign up for customized banking alerts, either online or via your banking app. It’s a good idea to set up an alert for whenever your balance dips below a certain threshold. That way, you can transfer funds into the account to prevent getting hit with an NSF fee.

Link to a Backup Account

Your financial institution may allow you to link your savings account to your checking account. If so, should the checking balance go below zero, they’d transfer funds from your savings account to cover the difference.

Use Debit Cards Strategically

If you use your debit card to rent a car or check into a hotel, they may place a hold on a certain dollar amount to ensure payment. It may even be bigger than your actual bill. Depending upon your account balance, this could cause something else to bounce. So be careful in how you use your debit cards.

Look for No-Fee Overdraft Coverage

You can avoid NSF fees by shopping around for a bank that offers no-fee overdraft coverage.


Test your understanding of what you just read.


The Takeaway

Returned item fees (also known as NSF fees) can be charged when there are insufficient funds in your account to cover your checks and electronic payments. When you get hit with an NSF fee, you’re essentially getting charged money for not having enough money in your account — a double bummer. To avoid these annoying fees, keep an eye on your balance, know when automatic bill payments go through, and try to find a bank that does not charge NSF fees.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What happens when you get an NSF?

If you get charged an non-sufficient funds (or NSF) fee, it means that a financial transaction has bounced because of insufficient funds in your account. You will owe the fee that’s listed in your bank’s policy.

Is an NSF bad?

If a financial transaction doesn’t go through because of insufficient funds, then this can trigger returned item charges (NSF fees). This means you’re paying a fee for not having enough money in your account to cover your payments, a scenario you generally want to avoid.

Does an NSF affect your credit?

An NSF fee does not directly affect your credit, since banking information isn’t reported to the consumer credit agencies. However, if a bounced check or rejected electronic payment leads to a late payment, the company you paid could report the late payment to the credit bureaus, which could impact your credit.


About the author

Kelly Boyer Sagert

Kelly Boyer Sagert

Kelly Boyer Sagert is a full-time freelance writer who specializes in SEO-optimized blog and website copy: both B2B and B2C for companies ranging from one-person shops to Fortune 500 companies. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub

SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below).

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning 3.80% APY, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit arrives. If your APY is not showing as 3.80%, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning 3.80% APY from the date you contact SoFi for the rest of the current 30-day Evaluation Period. You will also be eligible for 3.80% APY on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to Direct Deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving an Eligible Direct Deposit or receipt of $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Eligible Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until SoFi Bank recognizes Eligible Direct Deposit activity or receives $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

Members without either Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, or who do not enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days, will earn 1.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 1/24/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2025 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

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percentage sign

APY vs Interest Rate

Interest rates and APY, or annual percentage yield, are likely words that you’ll hear throughout your financial life. If you are opening an interest-earning bank account, you’ll likely want to earn the highest return on your money that you can find. Conversely, if you are borrowing money (say, taking out a home loan), you’ll probably want to snag the lowest rate on your mortgage.

While you may see the terms interest and APY used interchangeably, they are not identical. APY expresses how much you will earn on your cash over the course of a year. Interest rate, however, is the interest percentage that you’ll earn or that a lender will change you.

Ready to learn more about APY vs. interest rate and how each impacts your finances

Key Points

•   APY (Annual Percentage Yield) and interest rate are two different concepts that are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings.

•   APY represents the amount of money you will earn on your deposits over the course of a year, taking into account compound interest.

•   Interest rate, on the other hand, is the percentage at which your money will accrue interest, without considering compounding.

•   APY is higher than the interest rate because it includes the effect of compounding, which allows your money to grow faster.

•   Understanding the difference between APY and interest rate is important when opening a bank account or taking out a loan.

APY and Interest Rate Defined

If you deposit money into an interest-bearing account, you will earn an annual percentage yield (APY) on that money. The APY is a useful number because it tells you how much you’ll earn on your deposits over the course of a year, expressed as a percentage. The APY calculation takes into account the interest rate being offered, then factors in whether or not the financial institution offers compounded interest.

Compound interest is the interest you earn on the interest you’ve already earned. Depending on the bank or credit union, interest may compound daily, monthly, quarterly, or annually. The more frequently interest compounds, the faster your money grows.

💡 Quick Tip: An online bank account with SoFi can help your money earn more — up to 3.80% APY, with no minimum balance required.

What Is APY?

APY expresses how much money your cash will earn over the course of a year when it’s in an interest-bearing account.

APY is often confused with APR, which stands for annual percentage rate and comes into play when you take out a loan. A loan’s APR factors in the loan’s interest rate, as well as any additional fees and costs. It tells you how much you will pay for the loan over one year.

What Is an Interest Rate?

An interest rate is typically either the money you earn for keeping your cash at a financial institution or the cost that lenders charge you when they extend credit.

For example, if you put your money in a high-interest savings account, you might earn 4.50% for keeping your funds there. But if you take out a mortgage, you might be charged 7.00% interest for the privilege of borrowing that money to buy a house and paying it back over time.

Incidentally, the difference between the interest rates that banks pay depositors and charge borrowers is one of the ways these financial institutions earn money.

Earn up to 3.80% APY with a high-yield savings account from SoFi.

No account or monthly fees. No minimum balance.

9x the national average savings account rate.

Up to $3M of additional FDIC insurance.

Sort savings into Vaults, auto save with Roundups.


APY vs. Interest Rate Explained

So what is the difference between APY and interest rate? And why does interest rate vs. APY matter anyway? When you are opening a bank account, it can make a difference as one can give you a better picture of how your money will grow while on deposit.

The interest rate tells you the basic rate at which your money will accrue interest. The APY, however, gives you great insight to what you will have earned at the end of a year because it factors in the boost that compound interest can deliver.

Recommended: Different Ways to Earn Interest

The APY Formula

For those who want to delve in a bit deeper, the actual formula for APY calculation is as follows: (1 + r/n)ⁿ – 1.

•   The “r” stands for the interest rate being paid.

•   The “n” represents the number of compounding periods within a year.

If, for example, the interest rate is 3.50%, then that’s what you’d use for the “r.” If interest is compounded quarterly, then “n” would equal four.

Compounding frequency can cause two different savings accounts with the same interest rates to have different APYs. For example, if two different banks offer a certificate of deposit (CD) with the same interest rate and one of them compounds annually, that institution would have a lower APY than the institution that compounds quarterly or daily.

Fortunately, if you want to compare savings rates from one bank or credit union to another, you don’t need to perform these in-depth calculations.

Financial institutions are required to provide information on APY as part of the Truth in Savings Act. And, here’s the heart of it all: The higher the APY, then the more quickly the money you deposit can grow.

Recommended: Use the APY calculator below to see how much interest you can earn on your investments.


Calculating APR

The APR vs. interest rate of a loan tells you how much the loan will cost you over one year, including both the loan’s interest rate and fees, and is expressed as a percentage. A loan’s APR gives you a better sense of the true cost of the loan than the loan’s interest rate, since it includes fees. The higher the APR, the more you’ll pay over the life of the loan.

Thanks to the federal Truth in Lending Act, lenders must provide the APR of a loan. This allows you to compare loans apples to apples. A loan with a low interest rate but high fees may not be a good deal. In fact, you may be better off with a loan that charges a higher interest rate but no or lower fees. APR allows you to be a savvy consumer.

APR can be calculated with this formula: APR = ((Interest + Fees / Principal or Loan amount) / N or Number of days in loan term)) x 365 x 100. Lender’s will tell you the APR of a loan and you won’t need to perform any complicated calculations.

How Simple and Compound Interest Differ

Another dimension of interest rate vs. APY is seen when you consider how simple and compound interest differ. With simple interest, no compounding is involved. If you were to deposit $10,000 in an account earning 4.00% simple interest, at the end of three years, your money would earn $1,200 for a total of $11,200.

If, however, the interest were compounded daily, you would earn $408 the first year. The second year, interest would accrue on the principal and the interest ($10,408), and you would earn $425 the next year (for $10,833), and then $442 the year after that, for a total of $11,275.

While the dollar amount may not seem earth-shattering in this example of a few years, when you are talking about your decades-long financial life, it can really add up. Your money will grow faster with compound interest, helping you reach your financial goals.

Types of High-Interest Accounts for Savings

If you’re looking to earn a competitive rate on your savings, you’ll want to compare accounts by looking at APYs, as well as account fees and minimums. Generally, you can find competitive rates by looking at high-yield savings accounts, money market accounts, and CDs.

•   High-yield savings accounts, typically offered by credit unions and online banks, are accounts that typically pay a substantially higher APY than the national average of traditional savings accounts. They generally also have low or no fees.

•   Money market accounts are savings accounts that offer some of the features of a checking account, such as checks or a debit card. They often come with a higher APY than a traditional savings account, but typically require a higher balance, such as $1,000 or more, to avoid monthly fees.

•   Certificates of deposits (CDs) also tend to pay a higher APY than a regular savings account but require you to leave your money untouched for a certain period of time, called a term. If you take money out before then, you’ll likely pay an early withdrawal penalty. CD terms typically range from three months to five years. Generally, the longer the term, the higher the APY.

Recommended: How Does a High-Yield Savings Account Work?

High-Interest Checking Accounts

Checking accounts work well for everyday spending but typically offer no interest or very little. A high-yield checking account is a special type of account offered by some financial institutions (such as traditional and online banks, and credit unions) that offers a higher-than-average APY. These are accounts designed to give you the flexibility of a traditional checking account (with checks and/or a debit card) but with higher-interest returns.

A few points to note:

•   Often, to qualify for the highest rate the checking account has to offer, you need to meet certain criteria. This might be making a certain number of debit card transactions in a month, having at least one direct deposit or automated clearing house (ACH) payment each month, or choosing to receive paperless statements.

•   Some high-interest checking accounts will offer different APY tiers, with higher account balances earning a higher APY than lower account balances.


Test your understanding of what you just read.


Creating a SoFi Savings Account

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Why is APY higher than the interest rate?

There is a difference between APY and interest rate: The APY is higher than the interest rate because it reflects the effect of compounding, in which your money earns interest on its interest.

What does it mean to earn 5.00% APY?

If an account says it earns 5.00% APY, that means at the end of the year, your money on deposit will earn 5.00% (say, $500 on $10,000 on deposit). The interest rate may be lower, because the APY reflects the impact of compounding interest.

Why do banks use APY instead of APR?

When a bank tells you its APY, or annual percentage yield, it’s sharing how much your money can grow when on deposit for a year. On the other hand, APR stands for annual percentage rate, which is the amount charged if you borrow money. If you are interested in taking out a loan from the bank, you would be told the APR.


About the author

Kelly Boyer Sagert

Kelly Boyer Sagert

Kelly Boyer Sagert is a full-time freelance writer who specializes in SEO-optimized blog and website copy: both B2B and B2C for companies ranging from one-person shops to Fortune 500 companies. Read full bio.



SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2025 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below).

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning 3.80% APY, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit arrives. If your APY is not showing as 3.80%, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning 3.80% APY from the date you contact SoFi for the rest of the current 30-day Evaluation Period. You will also be eligible for 3.80% APY on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to Direct Deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving an Eligible Direct Deposit or receipt of $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Eligible Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until SoFi Bank recognizes Eligible Direct Deposit activity or receives $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

Members without either Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, or who do not enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days, will earn 1.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 1/24/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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In the Money (ITM) vs Out of the Money (OTM) Options

In the Money vs Out of the Money Options: Main Differences

Key Points

•   Understanding the difference between “in the money” and “out of the money” options is crucial for options traders to gauge potential profitability.

•   Options classified as “in the money” have intrinsic value and can yield profits when exercised, while “out of the money” options lack intrinsic value and may expire worthless.

•   The potential for profit from options depends on the relationship between the strike price and the current market price of the underlying asset.

•   Higher volatility often leads to options being written “out of the money,” appealing to speculators due to lower premiums and potential for larger price swings.

•   Decisions to buy “in the money” or “out of the money” options should align with an investor’s goals, risk tolerance, and confidence in the underlying asset’s future performance.

In options trading, knowing the difference between being “in the money” (ITM) and “out of the money” (OTM) allows the holder of a contract to know whether they’ll enjoy a profit from their option. The terms refer to the relationship between the options strike price and the market value of the underlying asset.

“In the money” refers to options that have profit potential if exercised today, while “out of the money” refers to those that do not. In the rare case that the market price of an underlying security reaches the strike price of an option exactly at the time of expiry, this would be called an “at the money option.”

What Does “In the Money” Mean?

In the money (ITM) describes a contract that would be profitable if its owner were to choose to exercise the option today. If this is the case, the option is said to have intrinsic value.

A call option would be in the money if the strike price is lower than the current market price of the underlying security. An investor holding such a contract could exercise the option to buy the security at a discount and sell it for a profit right away.

Put options, which are a way to short a stock, would be in the money if the strike price is higher than the current market price of the underlying security. A contract of this nature allows the holder to sell the security at a higher price than it currently trades for and pocket the difference.

In either case, an in the money contract has intrinsic value, so the options trader can exercise the option and make money doing so.


💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Example of In the Money

For example, say an investor owns a call option with a strike price of $15 on a stock currently trading at $16 per share. This option would be in the money because its owner could exercise the option to realize a profit. The contract gives the holder the right to buy 100 shares of the stock at $15, even though the market price is currently $16.

The contract holder could take shares acquired through the contract for a total of $1,500 and sell them for $1,600, realizing a profit of $100 minus the premium paid for the contract and any associated trading fees or commissions.

While call options give the holder the right to buy a security, put options give holders the right to sell. For example, say an investor owns a put option with a strike price of $10 on a stock that is trading at $9 per share. This would be an in the money option. The holder could sell 100 shares of stock at a price of $10 for a total of $1,000, even though it only costs $900 to buy those same shares. The contract holder would realize that difference of $100 as profit, minus the premium and any fees.

What Does “Out of the Money” Mean?

Out of the money (OTM) is the opposite of being in the money. OTM contracts do not have intrinsic value. If an option is out of the money at the time of expiration, the contract will expire worthless. Options are out of the money when the relation of their strike prices to the current market price of their securities are opposite that of in the money options.

For calls, an option with a strike price higher than the current price of the underlying security would be out of the money. Exercising such an option would result in an investor buying a security for a price higher than its current market value.

For puts, an option with a strike price lower than the current price of its security would be out of the money. Exercising such an option would cause an investor to sell a security at a price lower than its current market value.

In either case, contracts are out of the money because they don’t have intrinsic value – anyone exercising those contracts would lose money.

Example of Out of the Money

Say an investor buys a call option with a strike price of $15 on a stock currently trading at $13. This option would be out of the money. An investor might buy an option like this in the hopes that the stock will rise above the strike price before expiration, in which case a profit could be realized.

Another example would be an investor buying a put option with a strike price of $7 on a stock currently trading at $10. This would also be an out of the money option. An investor might buy this kind of option with the belief that the stock will fall below the strike price before expiration.


💡 Quick Tip: In order to profit from purchasing a stock, the price has to rise. But an options account offers more flexibility, and an options trader might gain if the price rises or falls. This is a high-risk strategy, and investors can lose money if the trade moves in the wrong direction.

What’s the Difference Between In the Money and Out of the Money?

The premium of an options contract involves two different factors: intrinsic value and extrinsic value. Options that have intrinsic value at the time they are written to have a strike price that is profitable relative to the current market price. In other words, such options are already in the money when written.

But not all options are written ITM. Those without intrinsic value rely instead on their extrinsic value. This value comes from speculative bets that investors make over a period of time. For this reason, assets with higher volatility often have their options contracts written out of the money, as investors expect there to be bigger price swings. Conversely, assets considered to be less volatile often have their options written in the money.

Options written out of the money are ideal for speculators because such contracts come with less expensive premiums and are often created for more volatile assets.

Recommended: Popular Options Trading Terminology to Know

Should I Buy ITM or OTM Options?

The answer to this question depends on an investor’s goals and risk tolerance. Options that are further out of the money can be more rewarding, but come with greater risk, uncertainty, and volatility. Whether an option is in or out of the money (and how far they’re out of the money), and the amount of time before the expiry of the option impacts the premium for that option, with riskier options typically costing more.

Whether to buy ITM or OTM options also depends on how confident an investor feels about the future of the underlying security. If a trader feels fairly certain that a particular stock will trade at a much higher price three months from now, then they might not hesitate to buy a call option with a very high strike price, making it out of the money.

Conversely, if an investor thinks a stock will fall in price, they can buy a put option with a very low strike price, which would also make the option out of the money.

Beginners and those with lower risk tolerance may prefer buying options that are only somewhat out of the money or those that are in the money. These options usually have lower premiums, meaning they cost less to buy. There are also generally greater odds that the contract will wind up in the money before expiration, as it will take a less dramatic move to make that happen.

Investors can also choose to combine multiple options legs into a spread strategy that attempts to take advantage of both possibilities.

Recommended: 10 Important Options Trading Strategies


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The Takeaway

In options trading, “in the money” refers to options that have profit potential if exercised immediately, while “out of the money” refers to those that don’t. Options contracts don’t have to be exercised to realize a profit. Sometimes investors buy contracts with the intent of selling them on the open market soon after they become in the money for quick gains.

In either case, it’s important to consider if an option is in the money or out of the money when buying or writing options contracts, as well as when deciding when to execute them. Options trading is an advanced investing strategy, and investors should know what they’re doing before engaging with it – or should speak with a financial professional for guidance.

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Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
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What Is Discretionary Income?

What Is Discretionary Income? How Do You Calculate It?

Discretionary income is defined as the cash you have available to spend after your necessary payments are covered. Those necessities are typically made up of basic living expenses, such as housing, utilities, food, healthcare, insurance costs, as well as minimum payments on debt.

So what does discretionary income equal in daily life? It’s the post-tax money you can put toward things like eating out, entertainment, travel, clothing, electronics, and gym memberships. You might think of discretionary income as paying for the wants in life vs. the needs.

Read on for a closer look at the meaning of discretionary income, including examples, how to calculate discretionary income, plus tips on how to make the most of your discretionary income.

Key Points

•   Discretionary income is the money left after paying for necessary expenses like housing, utilities, food, healthcare, and insurance.

•   Common uses for discretionary income include nonessential spending, saving/investing, and paying down debt.

•   Calculating discretionary income involves subtracting necessary expenses from take-home pay.

•   Your income, cost of living, debts, and tax rate all impact how much discretionary income you have.

•   Effective management of discretionary income involves monitoring spending, setting goals, increasing income, and avoiding lifestyle inflation.

What Is Discretionary Income?

Discretionary income is defined as the amount of post-tax income that is left over after you have paid for all your essential expenses. Essential expenses include your mortgage or rent, utilities, car payments, as well as food, healthcare, and occasionally clothing (if it is needed, not just wanted). To phrase it another way, no, a Netflix subscription or your AM latte isn’t a “necessity.”

Also worth noting (warning, buzzkill ahead): Discretionary income isn’t just to be spent on cool stuff and fun experiences. It’s also important to put at least some of this money towards savings and making extra payments on any debt. This can help you build wealth and financial security over time.

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7 Examples of Discretionary Income and Expenses

Discretionary expenses are the things people buy with their discretionary income. Here are some examples:

Entertainment and Eating Out

This category includes such expenses as dining out, getting drinks, splurge-y takeout food (pizza delivery, we’re looking at you!), and fancy coffees. In terms of entertainment, the following is typically considered discretionary: Concert, play, and movie tickets, as well as museum admission, books, magazines, streaming services, and similar costs.

Recommended: How to Save on Streaming Services

Vacations and Travel

Taking a vacation, whether you go to the other side of the planet or an hour’s drive away, is not a necessity, despite how you may feel about it.

Luxury Items

These expenses could be anything from a pricey sports car to designer clothes to jewelry to wine. While clothing and a car may be necessities in life, when you pay extra for top-notch prestige brands, you enter the realm of discretionary expenses.

Memberships and Hobbies

Yes, joining a gym or taking up a musical instrument are admirable pursuits. But they are not essential. For this reason, things like yoga or Pilates classes, crafting supplies, and similar expenses are considered discretionary.

Personal Care

A basic haircut or bottle of shampoo may not be discretionary, but pricey blowouts, manicures, massages, skincare items, and the like are.

Upgrading Items

If your current phone is functional but you still decide to buy the latest one, that’s a discretionary expense. The same holds true for being bored with your couch and getting a new one or remodeling your bathroom just because.

Gifts

Of course you want to show you care for your loved ones. But buying presents for others isn’t something you absolutely have to do, so this should be earmarked as a discretionary expense.

How Is Discretionary Income Used?

In addition to making the types of purchases listed above, discretionary income can also be used to save for future purchases and getting ahead on long-term financial goals.

Common Uses of Discretionary Income

Here’s a more detailed look at some of the different ways you can use discretionary income:

•   “Fun” spending: Many people use discretionary income to purchase goods or experiences that they can enjoy right away.

•   Saving for short-term goals: Another common use of discretionary income is to put it in a high-yield savings account earmarked for goals like taking a vacation or making a down payment on your dream house.

•   Paying down debt: While minimum payments on debts are generally considered necessary expenses, making extra payments is a common — and potentially smart — way to use discretionary funds.

•   Investing: Another way many people use discretionary income is to invest it in the market for long-term goals like retirement or a child’s future college education.

•   Charitable donations: Doing good with your discretionary dollars is another common and positive way to spend discretionary income.

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How to Calculate Discretionary Income

The formula for calculating discretionary income is:

Discretionary Income = Gross Income − Taxes − Essential Expenses

Start by assessing your average monthly take-home income (gross income − taxes). You can do this by scanning the last several months of financial statements. Or if your only source of income is your paycheck, you can simply look at your paystubs.

Next, you’ll need to tally up your essential expenses. These may include:

•   Rent/mortgage payment

•   Utilities

•   Internet/phone bills

•   Groceries

•   Minimum debt payments (credit cards, student loans or car loans)

•   Insurance premiums

•   Medical expenses

•   Transportation costs

Once you know how much you’re spending on essentials, you can subtract that number from your monthly take-home income. The result is your monthly discretionary income.

Factors That Affect Discretionary Income Calculation

A number of things can influence the amount of discretionary income you have to spend, such as:

•   Income level: Higher earnings generally increase discretionary income, provided you don’t increase your living expenses as your income goes up.

•   Living costs: Living in an area with a high cost of living raises essential costs and, in turn, lowers discretionary income.

•   Debt level: Needing to make monthly payments on loans, credit cards, and other financial obligations reduces funds available for discretionary spending.

•   Tax rates: Higher income and/or property taxes lowers your take-home pay, resulting in less discretionary income.

•   Inflation: Rising prices for goods and services increases essential expenses, which shrinks discretionary income.

What Is a Good Amount of Discretionary Income?

Generally, a good amount of discretionary income means you have enough funds after covering your essential expenses to be able to save, invest, and still enjoy the pleasures of life. The 50/30/20 budgeting formula offers one way to allocate your income. It suggests using 50% of your take-home pay on needs, 30% on wants (discretionary purchases), and 20% on goals (saving and paying more than the minimum on debts).

For example, if your monthly take-home income is $5,000, $2,500 would be siphoned off for necessities, $1,500 would be allotted for wants, and $1,000 would go toward goals like saving and investing.

Managing Your Discretionary Income for Financial Success

Making the most of your discretionary income involves thoughtful planning and smart money management. Here are some strategies to consider:

•   Track your spending: “It’s the last thing that many people want to do on their precious weekends, but tracking spending is essential. There is real truth to the saying ‘What gets measured gets improved,’” says Brian Walsh, CFP® and Head of Advice & Planning at SoFi. You may find some easy places to cut back, freeing up more money for saving.

•   Slash necessary expenses: Consider ways you might be able to reduce the cost of essentials, such as switching to a more affordable insurance, cell phone, or internet provider; meal-planning to cut food spending; or moving to a less expensive location.

•   Set financial goals: Having specific goals — like purchasing a home, funding a child’s future education, or retiring early — can help you stay focused and use your discretionary income wisely.

•   Grow your income: To boost discretionary income, you might ask for a raise at work or look into side jobs, freelance work, or ways to earn passive income.

•   Avoid lifestyle creep: As your income rises, try to resist the temptation to increase spending. Consider funnelling the extra funds into savings or investments to build wealth and strengthen your financial future.

Discretionary vs Disposable Income

The terms “discretionary income” and “disposable income” are often used interchangeably but they are not the same thing.

Key Differences

While discretionary and disposable income both refer to income left over after certain financial obligations are met, they differ in scope.

•   Disposable income refers to the money you have left from your earnings after taxes are taken out but before any other deductions are removed. It’s the total amount you have available to spend, which is typically a much higher number than your discretionary income.

•   Discretionary income is a subset of disposable income — it’s the amount of money left after your taxes and all necessary expenses are paid. You use it for “extras” like entertainment, savings, and investments.

It’s important to note that the government and courts may have slightly different definitions of these terms. In bankruptcy cases, for example “disposable income” is the amount that remains after subtracting allowed bankruptcy expenses from your monthly gross income.

If you have student loans, the federal government uses a discretionary spending formula to set your repayment amount under income-driven repayment plans. For many plans, they define “discretionary income” as the difference between your annual income and 150% of the poverty guideline for your family size and state.

Get Ready to Bank Better with SoFi

Once you know how much discretionary income you have, it’s a good idea to set some of it aside in a savings account that pays an above-average interest rate.

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Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What is the meaning of discretionary income?

Discretionary income is defined as the amount of money you have left after covering essential expenses like taxes, rent or mortgage, utilities, and groceries. It represents the portion of your income that can be used for nonessential spending, such as entertainment, dining out, and vacations.

What is an example of discretionary income?

Discretionary income is the money left after paying for essentials like rent, groceries, and utilities. So, for example, if you earn $4,000 a month after taxes, spend $2,500 on necessities, and have $1,500 left, that’s your discretionary income. You could use that $1,500 for dining out, entertainment, and/or saving for a vacation. How you spend this money reflects your financial priorities and lifestyle choices.

What is the difference between discretionary and disposable income?

Disposable income is the money left after paying taxes and is used to cover both essential and nonessential expenses. Discretionary income, on the other hand, is the portion of disposable income left after covering necessities, like housing, food, and utilities. You can use this money for entertainment, shopping, or saving.

How does discretionary income impact financial planning?

Discretionary income is the money you have left after covering all of your essential expenses. It plays a key role in financial planning because it determines how much you can save, invest, and spend on nonessentials each month. Higher discretionary income gives you more flexibility in your budget, allowing you to save for emergencies and other goals, invest for future growth, and enjoy life’s pleasures.

Can discretionary income be invested?

Yes, discretionary income can be invested to grow your wealth over time. After covering essential expenses, you can allocate discretionary income to stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or retirement accounts. Investing part of your discretionary income can help you build financial security, generate passive income, and achieve long-term goals like sending a child to college or retiring comfortably.


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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning 3.80% APY, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit arrives. If your APY is not showing as 3.80%, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning 3.80% APY from the date you contact SoFi for the rest of the current 30-day Evaluation Period. You will also be eligible for 3.80% APY on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

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SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving an Eligible Direct Deposit or receipt of $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Eligible Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until SoFi Bank recognizes Eligible Direct Deposit activity or receives $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit.

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