Congrats: You did it! You got through some tough training for your career in medicine, and now you are going to find out where you’ll start your career as a full-fledged doctor. It’s an exciting moment as you wait to hear about your residency.
However, because residencies are spread across the country, there’s a good chance that you’ll not only be starting an intense new job; you will also be moving and getting settled in a brand new town.
Moving can mean major stress on its own, but moving at the very end of medical school can heighten that. After all, new doctors have an average of $202,453 in debt from their education, and moving can cost money. Learn about how to finance this important next step here.
Residency Relocation Costs
There’s no way around it: Moving is expensive, and residency relocation costs can add up.
• There’s the move itself. Even if you’re moving to a new house in the same city to be closer to your work, you may need to hire movers or rent a truck, buy boxes, and get help packing. Plus there are those unexpected moving costs, such as replacing little things like shower curtains and cleaning products that seem to always get lost in the move.
The average cost of moving locally is $1,500, and a long-distance move can be $4,000 or more. That’s a significant chunk of change.
• Even if you follow moving tips to economize during the process, guess what? The expense of settling into a new city can be even higher. You will likely need to put down a security deposit if you are renting, as well as possibly update your furniture and equip your new place with essentials like trash cans, towels, and cooking supplies.
• Another thing to include in your budget: the costs of exploring a new city and eating out while you set up your kitchen. And don’t forget any expenses you may have to incur for your new job, like clothes, or potentially even transportation costs.
Plus the cost of living may be higher than what you are used to. Those little expenses can add up to a major headache if you’re not prepared.
If you’re feeling the pinch, there are a few loans specially designed for medical residents that may be worth considering. They could help make your transition a lot smoother.
💡 Quick Tip: Some personal loan lenders can release your funds as quickly as the same day your loan is approved.
Medical Residency Relocation Loans
Here are some options that can help you out financially when you relocate for a residency:
• One loan new doctors may choose to take out is a medical residency relocation loan. You can take out a residency loan from a private lender — for example, a Sallie Mae Medical Residency and Relocation Loan.
• Or it could be as simple as taking out a personal loan. Some private lenders may offer student loan-type benefits for loans to be used for medical residency relocation, such as a longer loan payoff term (though you may pay more in interest over the life of the loan if you opt for an extended term).
Residency loans may be specifically geared toward new doctors who are beginning their residencies and need to pay for essentials while settling into a new job and a new city. These loans can allow medical residents to fill the financial gap between graduation and your first residency paycheck.
They can help new residents cover the cost of moving and getting settled in a new city, including providing for your family while you adjust to a new job. For instance, if you’re making a move for residency and bringing your family along, it is likely that your spouse will also need to look for a job in your new city, which means that they may be giving up a paycheck temporarily as well.
Another aspect of your finances to consider is whether you rent or buy the next place you live. Here are a few important points to consider as you embark on your career.
• As a medical resident, you might qualify for a home loan designed specifically for doctors. These loans can have some big benefits, like low down payments, no requirement for private mortgage insurance, and no rate increases on jumbo loans. It’s important to do some research to see how you can qualify for these loans.
• Of course, there are things to consider before buying a home during your residency. Even if you qualify for a home loan for medical residents, you might not be ready to buy a home just yet. This is especially true if you’re moving to a new city or state and you want to settle in, find your favorite neighborhood, and make sure you really like the city before deciding to buy a home.
• If you do decide to start the home buying process, it’s probably a good idea to check out both traditional mortgages and loans designed specifically for doctors. You won’t know which one is right for you until you compare the benefits of each.
When both partners transition to new jobs at the same time, there can be a significant gap in income. A medical residency relocation loan can help you maintain your lifestyle while you and your spouse acclimate to new jobs.
Getting Ready to Get a Loan
If you’re thinking of getting a loan for relocation costs or to purchase a home, you may want to do some financial housekeeping. Here are a few moves to make:
• Check your credit score, and see if there may be ways to build it, if necessary. A higher score can earn you the best (meaning lower) interest rates.
• Determine exactly how much money you may need to borrow. Like all loans, consider only borrowing the amount you actually need to tide you over until your residency starts paying.
You can get a good idea of how much you may need to borrow by taking a look at your monthly expenses and then adding any additional cost-of-living increases based on your new city and the cost of moving. Don’t forget to list one-time expenses like a security deposit for a new apartment.
• When you’ve figured out how much you want to borrow, take some time to shop around for a loan whose terms work for you. Each lender has different terms and benefits, so make sure to understand them fully before making a decision on if a personal loan is right for you.
Becoming a doctor can be a challenging and rewarding path. As you embark on your residency, you may find that there are significant relocation and housing expenses. Depending on your situation, you may want to review your loan options to see if there’s a good fit. For instance, a personal loan might allow you to cover the cost of setting yourself up in a new place for your medical residency.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
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Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.
Equity derivatives are trading instruments based on the price movements of underlying asset equity. These financial instruments include equity options, stock index futures, equity index swaps, and convertible bonds.
With an equity derivative, the investor doesn’t buy a stock, but rather the right to buy or sell a stock or basket of stocks. To buy those rights in the form of a derivative contract, the investor pays a fee, more commonly known as a premium.
How are Equity Derivatives Used?
The value of an equity derivative goes up or down depending on the price changes of the underlying asset. For this reason, investors sometimes buy equity derivatives — especially shorts, or put options — to manage the risks of their stock holdings.
Investors buy the rights (or options) to buy or sell an asset via a derivative contract, as mentioned.
💡 Quick Tip: Options can be a cost-efficient way to place certain trades, because you typically purchase options contracts, not the underlying security. That said, options trading can be risky, and best done by those who are not entirely new to investing.
4 Types of Equity Derivatives
Generally, there are four types of equity derivatives that investors should familiarize themselves with: Equity options, equity futures, equity swaps, and equity basket derivatives.
1. Equity Options
Equity options are one form of equity derivatives. They allow purchasers to buy or sell a given stock within a predetermined time period at an agreed-upon price.
Because some equity derivatives offer the right to sell a stock at a given price, many investors will use a derivatives contract like an insurance policy. By purchasing a put option on a stock or a basket of stocks, can purchase some protection against losses in their investments.
Not all put options are used as simple insurance against losses. Buying a put option on a stock is also called “shorting” the stock. And it’s used by some investors as a way to bet that a stock’s price will fall. Because a put option allows an investor to sell a stock at a predetermined price, known as a strike price, investors can benefit if the actual trading price of the stock falls below that level.
Call options, on the other hand, allow investors to buy a stock at a given price within an agreed-upon time period. As such, they’re often used by speculative investors as a way to take advantage of upward price movements in a stock, without actually purchasing the stock. But call options only have value if the price of the underlying stock is above the strike price of the contract when the option expires.
For options investors, the important thing to watch is the relationship between a stock’s price and the strike price of a given option, an options term sometimes called the “moneyness.” The varieties of moneyness are:
• At-the-money (ATM). This is when the option’s strike price and the asset’s market price are the same.
• Out-of-the-money (OTM). For a put option, OTM is when the strike price is lower than the asset’s market price. For a call option, OTM is when the strike price is higher than the asset’s market price.
• In-the-money (ITM). For a put option, in-the-money is when the market price of the asset is lower than the option’s strike price. For a call option, ITM is when the market price of the asset is higher than the option’s strike price.
The goal of both put and call options is for the options to be ITM. When an option is ITM, the investor can exercise the option to make a profit. Also, when the option is ITM, the investor has the ability to resell the option without exercising it. But the premiums for buying an equity option can be high, and can eat away at an investor’s returns over time.
While an options contract grants the investor the ability, without the obligation, to purchase or sell a stock during an agreed-upon period for a predetermined price, an equity futures contract requires the contract holder to buy the shares.
A futures contract specifies the price and date at which the contract holder must buy the shares. For that reason, equity futures come with a different risk profile than equity options. While equity options are risky, equity futures are generally even riskier for the investor.
One reason is that, as the price of the stock underlying the futures contract moves up or down, the investor may be required to deposit more capital into their trading accounts to cover the possible liability they will face upon the contract’s expiration. That possible loss must be placed into the account at the end of each trading day, which may create a liquidity squeeze for futures investors.
Equity Index Futures and Equity Basket Derivatives
As a form of equity futures contract, an equity index futures contract is a derivative of the group of stocks that comprise a given index, such as the S&P 500, the Dow Jones Industrial Index, and the NASDAQ index. Investors can buy futures contracts on these indices and many others.
Being widely traded, equity index futures contracts come with a wide range of contract durations — from days to months. The futures contracts that track the most popular indices tend to be highly liquid, and investors will buy and sell them throughout the trading session.
Equity index futures contracts serve investors as a way to bet on the upward or downward motion of a large swath of the overall stock market over a fixed period of time. And investors may also use these contracts as a way to hedge the risk of losses in the portfolio of stocks that they own.
3. Equity Swaps
An equity swap is another form of equity derivative in which two traders will exchange the returns on two separate stocks, or equity indexes, over a period of time.
It’s a sophisticated way to manage risk while investing in equities, but this strategy may not be available for most investors. Swaps exist almost exclusively in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets and are traded almost exclusively between established institutional investors, who can customize the swaps based on the terms offered by the counterparty of the swap.
In addition to risk management and diversification, investors use equity swaps for diversification and tax benefits, as they allow the investor to avoid some of the risk of loss within their stock holdings without selling their positions. That’s because the counterparty of the swap will face the risk of those losses for the duration of the swap. Investors can enter into swaps for individual stocks, stock indices, or sometimes even for customized baskets of stocks.
4. Equity Basket Derivatives
Equity basket derivatives can help investors either speculate on the price movements or hedge against risks of a group of stocks. These baskets may contain futures, options, or swaps relating to a set of equities that aren’t necessarily in a known index. Unlike equity index futures, these highly customized baskets are traded exclusively in the OTC markets.
💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).
The Takeaway
Equity derivatives are trading instruments based on the price movements of underlying asset equity. Options, futures, and swaps are just a few ways that investors can gain access to the markets, or hedge the risks that they’re already taking.
Investors interested in utilizing equity derivatives as a part of their larger investing strategy should probably do a lot of homework, as options and futures require a good amount of background knowledge to use effectively. It may also be worth speaking with a financial professional for guidance.
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Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes. Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $50 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.
A student loan payoff letter may be needed to get a mortgage, refinance your student loans, or acquire other forms of debt. While the name implies you’ve paid off the loan, a student loan payoff letter actually just shows the details of your student loan — including the payoff amount and monthly dues.
Some people may want or need to take out more than one loan at the same time. For those who took out student loans for college, a student loan payoff letter may come into play. In this guide, we’ll run through what these letters are and some of the commonly navigated twists in understanding their use in managing loans.
What Is a Student Loan Payoff Letter?
Despite what it sounds like, a student loan payoff letter is not a document proving a student loan has been paid in full. Rather, it’s a document generated by the loan servicer stating the current loan balance, monthly payments, and other account information.
Note that a loan payoff letter is not the same thing as a monthly statement. It’s a tool for other lending institutions to weigh how a borrower manages debt on an existing loan that also forecasts future interest costs based on when the loan is due to be repaid.
There is generally a time limit placed on payoff letters — a “good-through date” — after which the amount of interest due on the loan would change.
A student loan payoff letter may be needed when the borrower is still paying off student debt and also applying for a mortgage, refinancing an existing loan, or when they’re planning to pay off the loan.
The payoff letter will play a part in determining an applicant’s debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, which many lenders look at to determine whether the applicant can afford potential future payments on a loan.
A high student loan balance, in relation to income, could limit a person’s loan options. So, it pays to pay your debt down as much as you can.
Getting a Student Loan Payoff Letter
A loan payoff letter can be requested from the lender at any stage of a loan’s term, whether the borrower hasn’t made an initial payment or they’re close to making their last. Obtaining a loan payoff letter can be done by contacting the lender and simply requesting it.
Lenders’ websites may have an option for requesting these letters via an online form. If that option isn’t available, the borrower may need to call the lender’s customer service line to request the letter.
There may be a fee charged for requesting a payoff letter. If there is one, it should be explained in the loan agreement. The lender’s customer service representative should also be able to verify whether there is a fee for the letter.
Managing Student Loans
An important factor in determining a student loan payoff strategy is figuring out when the first payment is due, information which the loan servicer will provide.
According to the Federal Student Aid Office, “For most federal student loans, there is a set period of time after you graduate, leave school, or drop below half-time enrollment before you must begin making payments.”
This period of time, known as a grace period, could last anywhere from six to nine months depending on which type of federal student loan a borrower has. It may help to think ahead about how best to take advantage of the grace period in advance.
While it might be tempting to view the grace period as a time to sink extra money into things you want or need, borrowers may want to consider instead saving up for when student loan payments will start coming due.
Interest on Direct Subsidized Loans is paid by the U.S. Department of Education while the borrower is in school at least half-time, during the grace period, or a deferment period—a factor that might make paying the loan off, in the long run, a little less burdensome.
Borrowers of Direct Unsubsidized Loans are responsible for paying interest during the entire term of the loan. Interest accrues from the time the loan is disbursed to the borrower.
Strategies for paying off student loans quickly may include looking into ways to make money outside your day job, asking if there is a student loan repayment program at your company, and paying down other debt during the grace period.
Selecting the Right Repayment Plan
Several student loan repayment options are available for eligible borrowers of federal student loans depending on the type of loan.
Standard Repayment Plan
For Federal Direct Loans and Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL), the loan servicer will automatically place borrowers on the Standard Repayment Plan unless they choose a different repayment plan.
The Standard Repayment Plan gives the borrower up to 10 years (between 10 and 30 years for consolidation loans) to repay, with fixed monthly payments of at least $50 during that time. This repayment plan may not be the best option for borrowers who are considering seeking Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).
Graduated Repayment Plan
Eligible Direct Loan and FFEL borrowers who expect their income to increase gradually over time may opt for a Graduated Repayment Plan. This plan has the same 10-year term (between 10 and 30 years for consolidation loans) that the Standard Repayment Plan does, but the payment amount differs.
Monthly payments start low and increase every two years, will always be at least the amount of accrued interest since the last payment, and will be limited to no more than three times the amount of any previous payment.
Extended Repayment Plan
Borrowers who need to make lower monthly payments over an extended time may want to consider the Extended Repayment Plan, which allows for a 25-year repayment term. This plan is for eligible Direct or FFEL borrowers who have outstanding loan balances of $30,000 or more on each loan.
Monthly payments on this plan can be either fixed or graduated and are generally lower than those made under the Standard or Graduated plans. However, you should expect to pay more in interest over the life of the loan.
Income-Driven Repayment Plans
There are a few options for borrowers who might be having trouble making their payments. Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans allow eligible borrowers to responsibly manage their debt while remaining on track to pay it off.
The plans take into account a borrower’s income, discretionary income, family size, and/or eligible federal student loan balance. Borrowers under an IDR must recertify their income and family size each year or risk losing their eligibility for the plan.
The Takeaway
A student loan payoff letter details the specifics of your student loan, including the amount you owe, your monthly payments, and the payoff amount. A student loan payoff letter may be needed to secure a mortgage, refinance your existing debt, or acquire another form of debt, such as a personal loan.
Choosing to refinance student loans may be an option for some borrowers looking to lower their monthly payment or reduce the total amount they pay in interest. If you choose to lower your monthly payment, you’ll often have to extend your loan term, which will result in paying more in interest over the life of the loan. If you shorten your loan term and reduce your interest rate, you most likely will save money in interest.
Keep in mind that refinancing federal student loans into a private student loan means forfeiting all federal loan benefits, including income-driven repayment plans and student loan forgiveness. Borrowers are encouraged to look at all options before making a decision.
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Discretionary income is defined as the cash you have available to spend after your necessary payments are covered. Those necessities are typically made up of basic living expenses, such as housing, utilities, food, healthcare, and insurance costs. (In some cases, minimum payments toward debt may be included as well.)
So what does discretionary income equal in daily life? It’s the post-tax money you can put toward things like eating out, entertainment, travel, clothing, electronics, and gym memberships. You might think of discretionary income as paying for the wants in life vs. the needs.
In this guide, you’ll learn more about the definition of discretionary income, read examples of this type of income and how to use it, and understand how to calculate this money in your budget. It can be an important number to know, as you’ll see, especially if you’re repaying student loans.
Key Points
• Discretionary income is the money left after paying for necessary expenses like housing, utilities, food, healthcare, and insurance.
• It can be used for non-essential expenses like eating out, entertainment, travel, clothing, and electronics.
• Discretionary income is important for budgeting and can be used to pay down debt or save for goals like vacations or home improvements.
• Some people may not have discretionary income if they struggle to cover essential expenses or have variable income.
• Calculating discretionary income involves subtracting necessary expenses from take-home pay; it’s important to have a budget to manage that money effectively.
What Is Discretionary Income?
Discretionary income is the amount of post-tax income that is left over after you have paid for all the essentials of daily life. These expenses include your mortgage or rent, utilities, and car payments or bills, as well as food, healthcare, and occasionally clothing (if it is needed, not just wanted). To phrase it another way, no, a Netflix subscription or your AM latte isn’t a “necessity.”
It’s worth noting that not everyone has discretionary income; some people struggle just to cover the “essentials” when it comes to paying their bills.
• Gig, seasonal, and part-time workers: The concept of discretionary income can get a little more complicated if you aren’t a person who gets a steady paycheck. If you have a variable income due to the nature of your work (maybe you’re a gig worker or freelancer), you’ll need to make sure you have enough money set aside in savings if you have a shortfall.
If your income dips and you can’t pay for the basics in life, let alone have some discretionary income, that could mean you’ll get hit with overdraft or late fees or wind up with excessive credit card debt to pay off.
• Discretionary income and savings: Also worth noting (warning, buzzkill ahead): Discretionary income isn’t just to be spent on cool stuff and fun experiences. It’s wise to put a portion of it toward savings. Some people will include debt payments as part of the “necessities” bucket of your budget; others will say that a portion of discretionary income is what goes toward debt.
One key kind of debt to consider in this scenario: student loans. There are four programs for repaying federal educational loans in which your discretionary income can be a factor. It’s vital to make sure you have the right income-driven repayment plan (IDR) that works for your financial situation when it comes to paying down federal student loans.
What if despite your best efforts to pay back your loans, you are still feeling the financial pinch? It’s a common situation as basic bills and student loans conspire to vacuum up all your moolah. Refinancing your student loans to a lower rate can help free up additional discretionary income each month.
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7 Examples of Discretionary Income and Expenses
Now that you know what discretionary income is, it’s worth mentioning that the phrase is sometimes used interchangeably with discretionary expenses. To be clear, discretionary income is what is spent on discretionary expenses.
And what are discretionary expense examples? Here are several:
1. Entertainment and Eating Out
This category includes such expenses as dining out, getting drinks, splurge-y takeout food (pizza delivery, we’re looking at you!), and fancy coffees. In terms of entertainment, the following would be considered discretionary: Concert, play, and movie tickets; museum admission; books, magazines, and streaming services; and similar costs.
2. Vacations and Travel
Taking a vacation, whether you go to the other side of the planet or an hour’s drive away, is not a necessity, despite how you may feel about it.
3. Luxury Items
These expenses could be anything from a pricey sportscar to designer clothes to jewelry to wine. While clothing and a car may be necessities in life, when you pay extra for top-notch prestige brands, you enter the realm of discretionary expenses.
4. Memberships and Hobbies
Yes, joining a gym or taking up a musical instrument are admirable things. But they are not vital to your survival. For this reason, things like yoga or Pilates classes, crafting supplies, and similar expenses are considered discretionary.
5. Personal Care
A basic haircut or bottle of shampoo may not be discretionary, but pricey blowouts, manicures, massages, skincare items, and the like are.
6. Upgrading Items
If your current phone is functional but you get the latest one, that’s a discretionary expense. The same holds true for being bored with your couch and getting a new one or remodeling your bathroom just because.
7. Gifts
Of course you want to show you care for your loved ones. But buying presents for others isn’t vital to survival, so this should be earmarked as a discretionary expense.
If you are wondering how income vs. disposable income stacks up, here’s the difference. Income refers to all the funds you have coming in, whether from your salary, any side hustles, interest or dividends, and other sources.
Disposable income, however, is what is left of your post-tax money after you have paid for your necessities, as described above. If, say, you follow the popular 50/30/20 budget rule, 50% of your money goes toward needs (necessities), 30% would go toward wants (discretionary expenses), and 20% toward saving. Together, those account for all of your after-tax money, aka your disposable income.
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How Is Discretionary Income Used?
Discretionary income can be used for a number of fun things, from buying the latest mobile phone to taking a pal out for their birthday to spending a day at a theme park with the kids. You could also use discretionary income to make a future dream come true. You could, say, contribute to a fund for your next vacation or the down payment on a house. Another way to allocate discretionary income is to use it for home improvement projects, especially ones that could increase the value of your home. Heck, you could even save it in your bank account, plain and simple, if you wanted.
Also, it’s wise to recognize the fact that some people may need to use their discretionary money for an income-based repayment plan to pay down student loan debt. There may not be a lot of wiggle room there. Others must put this money toward paying down their credit card bills; those high-interest debts can grow over time and do damage to your credit score.
(One tip for those who get paid every other week: When you get an “extra” paycheck that doesn’t need to go to bills, consider it discretionary income that you could put toward an extra payment on debts or to toss into savings.)
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How to Calculate Discretionary Income
One way to calculate your discretionary income is to calculate your take-home pay each month and subtract your “fixed” or “necessary expenses” from that. The money you have left over is your discretionary income which can be used for the kinds of expenses we highlighted above.
What if, when you tally your discretionary income, you wound up with a negative number? This means you do not have any earnings left over to address discretionary expenses. In this situation, it’s important to keep spending under control and look for ways to free up funds.
One other angle to consider about this topic: If you have student loans to pay off, discretionary income can be used for an income-based repayment plan.The federal government offers income-based plans, and each one has its own discretionary income requirements.
These programs often put your student loan payments notably under what you might otherwise pay. Some of the factors taken into consideration are income and family size; you also must meet certain requirements to qualify for these repayment plans. You can see how the options stack up by plugging your details into the federal government’s loan simulator tool.
What Is A Good Amount of Discretionary Income?
When you’re considering how much discretionary income you should have, you might want to consult a discretionary income calculator. Many options for these calculators are available online.
Hopefully you have some money left each month after you’ve paid your basic living expenses. As you look at your overall budget and discretionary income, you might benefit from exploring the 50/30/20 rule, as noted above.
Example of Using 50/30/20 Rule to Calculate Discretionary Income
If your monthly net (take-home) income was $5,000, $2,500 would be siphoned off for your “needs,” $1,500 would be allotted for discretionary income, and $1,000 would go toward savings and investments. This can be a really helpful way to understand how to “bucket” your money and keep your finances healthy.
As you think about discretionary income and related concepts, you’ll probably realize how important it is to have a budget; this will inform where your money has to go as well as what’s left after those bills have been paid. It will help keep you on track for your discretionary income, reining in excessive spending and guiding you toward saving well and staying out of debt. There are a variety of different budget methods; try a couple and see which works best for you.
💡 Quick Tip: When you overdraft your checking account, you’ll likely pay a non-sufficient fund fee of, say, $35. Look into linking a savings account to your checking account as a backup to avoid that, or shop around for a bank that doesn’t charge you for overdrafting.
Discretionary vs. Disposable Income
The phrases “discretionary income” and “disposable income” might be used interchangeably in conversations among your friends, but — sorry — that’s not necessarily correct.
• Disposable income is how much money you have left from your earnings after tax withholdings are taken out but before deductions are also removed. That’s likely going to be a much higher number than your discretionary income.
• Discretionary income is the amount left after your taxes and deductions (like health insurance, retirement contributions, etc.) are taken out, and then you’ve paid all of your essential living expenses (home, utilities, food, car).
It’s important to be aware that these definitions may be used differently in some circumstances, like if a court is going to garnish your wages or back-owed tax payments during a bankruptcy consideration. These are distressing circumstances, yes, but they happen every day to regular people, so it’s good to have the vocabulary down if you ever face these situations.
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FAQ
What is the meaning of discretionary income?
Discretionary income is defined as the cash you have available to spend after your taxes are deducted and necessary payments are covered.
What is an example of discretionary income?
Here’s an example of discretionary income: If your post-tax earnings were $100K and you spent $50K on necessities and $20K went into your retirement savings, the remaining $30K would be discretionary income.
What is the difference between discretionary and disposable income?
Discretionary income is the money that you spend on non-essential items, or the wants in your life vs. needs. Disposable income, however, is your total after-tax income.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
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If you’ve ever wondered about the difference between what shows up on your bank account as an available balance vs. current balance, you are not alone. It can be perplexing to sometimes see two different figures for the amount of cash sitting in your account.
The truth is, both are correct. A current balance reflects the amount of money in a checking or savings account at any given moment. The available balance, on the other hand, shows you the current balance, plus or minus any transactions that are pending but have not yet been processed fully.
Financial institutions share these two balances with their customers to give as detailed a picture of funds on deposit as possible. While it may be confusing at first glance, once you understand the difference, it can actually help you stay in better control of your cash.
Read on to learn more about current vs. available balances on your bank accounts.
Key Points
• Current balance reflects the amount of money in an account at any given moment.
• Available balance shows the current balance minus any pending transactions that have not been fully processed.
• Current balance includes both credits and debits, while available balance represents the amount available for spending.
• The time it takes for a current balance to become an available balance depends on the processing time of pending transactions.
What is Current Balance?
The current balance of an account is a reflection of the amount of funds that are moving throughout a checking account or savings account at any given time.
This is a compilation of both credits and debits — incoming and outgoing funds — within an account. It includes transactions that have been completely processed on both ends and posted to an account.
Pending transfers or payments that have been authorized but have not been fully processed yet may be listed in your transaction history but are not included in the tally. So any debit card payments, mobile deposits, or automatic bill payments that haven’t been fully processed will not be calculated into the current balance.
For example, let’s say Brian’s checking account balance is $200.
• On Monday, his employer deposits an $800 payment into his account that clears and posts on the same day, raising Brian’s current balance to $1,000.
• On Wednesday, Brian uses his debit card to pay $100 for dinner, and the restaurant places a hold on his account for the amount. Because the payment is pending and awaiting processing, Brian’s current balance is still $1,000.
• However, if on Friday the restaurant charge is fully processed and posted onto his account, his current balance would drop to $900.
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What is Available Balance?
An available balance is the current balance of a checking account or whatever type of savings account you may have, minus any pending payments and deposits. In essence, it takes the total amount of all fully processed and posted credits and debits, and subtracts the total amount of any pending payments that have yet to be fully processed, providing a more accurate reflection of the money in your account that remains available to be spent.
For example, Danielle’s checking account balance is $500. She uses her debit card to pay a $100 internet bill, and her landlord cashes her $300 check for her rent — both payments appear on her account as pending.
Despite her current balance being $500, her available balance is only $100 due to the pending payments. If she were to make other payments totaling more than $100, she will risk an overdraft fee and having a negative bank balance.
What is the Difference Between Current Balance and Available Balance?
If an account goes a week or two without any activity, its available balance and current balance will likely be in sync. However, once purchases and payments are made with a debit card, that is when the available balance is likely to fluctuate.
The key difference between a current balance and an available balance is “promised payments.” A current balance is the total amount of money in an account including money that has been promised to other people or businesses. An available balance, on the other hand, is the specific amount of money available that has not been promised to any person or business. While spending the full amount of a current balance with pending payments could result in overdraft or NSF fees, spending the full amount of an available balance should not.
Generally, when a current balance and available balance differ, here’s the likely situation:
• The available balance is the lower of the two, and it’s nearly always due to a pending payment.
• In some less common cases, an available balance may appear larger than the current balance. This could be due to receiving a refund from a purchase or the reflection of a bank overdraft protection buffer on an account. Either way, in this case, it would be wise to contact your bank for a better understanding of your current account standing.
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How Long Does It Take for a Current Balance to Become an Available Balance?
The amount of time it takes for an available balance to sync back up with a current balance depends on the specific amount of processing time needed to complete each pending transaction.
Those times can vary depending on the type of transaction and how quickly the establishment processes it. The account holder’s ability to refrain from spending with their debit card and adding more pending payments to the account is also a major factor.
As a general rule of thumb, individual pending payments can take as little as 24 hours or as long as 3 days to be completely processed and posted to an account. The process requires communication and confirmation between the banks of the account owner and the establishment they purchased from.
If a transaction remains pending for up to a week, it would be wise to contact the merchant or your bank for clarity.
Which Balance Should I Rely On?
The current balance and available balance each serve their own purpose and both can be relied upon as an accurate representation of a checking or saving account. However, there are specific instances when it would be better to reference one over the other.
• If you’re planning on making a purchase or withdrawal, that is an instance where it would be more beneficial to reference the available balance on your account. It’s the best way to know exactly how much money is available to be spent without disrupting any other pending payments.
Checking the available balance will give the most exact account of what is freely available to be spent and will also help you avoid incurring any overdraft fees.
• If you’re more interested in your account balance as a whole and how much money you have flowing through your account at any given time, that is when you’ll want to reference your current balance. It accounts for every dollar entering and exiting your account at the very moment you check it.
Do keep in mind, however, that the available balance total may change quickly due to any sudden pending transactions, therefore it would be wise to check it daily for the most up-to-date tally.
Knowing what your account balances mean and how to interpret them is a basic financial skill that can literally save you money. Even the slightest misinterpretation of the two could result in costly overdraft fees and disrupt your financial goals.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
