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Pharmacy school student loans are one way for potential pharmacists to subsidize some or all of the costs associated with attending pharmacy school. Knowing the pros and cons of pharmacy school loans can help you decide if this route is right for you.

Keep reading to learn how much it costs to attend pharmacy school, different ways to pay for it, what a pharmacy school loan covers, and the ins and outs of pharmacy school student loans.

Average Cost of Pharmacy School

The average cost of attending pharmacy school spans anywhere from $30,000 to $250,000.

It’s a wide range but, generally speaking, in-state, public schools are on the lower end of the scale, costing around $5,000 to $30,000 per year, while pharmacy programs at private institutions can run between $20,000 and $95,000 per year.

Average Student Loan Debt Pharmacy School

The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP)’s 2023 survey of pharmacy school graduates found that 82.2% of PharmD degree holders had to borrow money to get through school.

And the average student loan debt for pharmacy graduates, according to that same report, is $167,711.

There’s good news, though: The return on investment can be promising for pharmacists, whose median pay is around $136,030 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

What Can You Use a Pharmacy School Student Loan on?

There are several ways a student loan can be used to cover the cost of a pharmacy school education:

Tuition

As evidenced above, tuition is one of the biggest pharmacy school expenses that can be covered by a pharmacy school student loan. Since it can cost upwards of $250,000 to complete a pharmacy program, student loans can be helpful in covering that cost.

Fees

The fees associated with attending pharmacy college vary based on the type of program the student attends, how many credit hours the student completes, and whether they’re an in-state or out-of-state student. In some cases, a pharmacy school may charge “comprehensive fees” that cover tuition, fees, and room and board.

Books and Supplies

Pharmacy school student loans can be used to pay for books, supplies, and other education-related expenses. To acquire the funds for books and supplies, pharmacy school student loans are first applied to a student’s tuition, required fees, and room and board bills. Then, any remaining funds get refunded to the borrower, either in the form of a check or through direct deposit. From there, the money can be used to pay for books and supplies.

Recommended: How to Pay for College Textbooks

Living Costs

Room and board is another expense that can be paid for with pharmacy school loans. Students can use their borrowed funds to pay for student housing — whether that’s in a dorm room or an off-campus apartment with roommates.

Pharmacy School Student Loans: Pros & Cons

Pros of Using a Pharmacy School Student Loan

Using a pharmacy school loan comes with some pros, including:

Student Loans for Pharmacy School Can Be Forgiven

In terms of pharmacists student loan forgiveness, there are several options for newly graduated pharmacists who need some help paying off their pharmacy school loans.

Typically, these forgiveness programs are available on a state or federal level.

A few different pharmacy student loan forgiveness options include:

•   Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)

•   HRSA’s Faculty Loan Repayment Program

•   National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Programs

•   Substance Use Disorder Workforce Loan Repayment Program

•   State-based student loan forgiveness programs

Salary

As mentioned above, the median pay for a pharmacist is $136,030 per year. For a pharmacy school graduate with student loan debt, this salary range could mean the difference between paying off loans and still having money left in the budget for living expenses, an emergency fund, and other types of savings.

Credit Score

Paying off pharmacy school student loans can be one way for a borrower to build their credit score. When building credit history, making on-time payments is a prominent factor, which can potentially have a beneficial effect on a borrower’s credit score. Although their credit score could face a minor dip right after paying off the loan, it should subsequently level out and eventually rise.

Cons of Using a Pharmacy School Student Loan

Pharmacy school student loans can also come with cons, including:

Debt

Since a pharmacy school loan is an installment loan, it’s considered a form of debt. As such, potential pharmacists are signing a long-term contract to repay a lender for the money they borrow. Should they find themselves on uneven financial ground, they may end up missing a payment or defaulting on the loan altogether, which could have a damaging effect on their credit report.

Late Payment Penalties

Many pharmacy school student loan lenders dole out fees for late payments. The terms of the loan are outlined by the lender before the borrower signs the agreement, but it’s important to read the fine print. Loan servicers can charge a late payment penalty of up to 6% of the missed payment amount.

Interest Rates

Student loans for graduate and doctoral degrees like pharmacy school have some of the highest interest rates of any type of student loan.

Even federally subsidized Grad PLUS Loans have a fixed interest rate of 9.08% for the 2024-25 school year, which could cause a pharmacy school student loan balance to climb high over time.

Average Interest Rates for Pharmacy School Student Loans

Pharmacy students have a variety of student loan options available to them. This table details the interest rate on different types of federal student loans that might be used to pay for a portion of pharmacy school.

Private student loans are another option that may help pharmacy students pay for their college education. The interest rates on private student loans are determined by the lender, based on factors specific to the individual borrower, such as their credit and income history.

Paying for Pharmacy School

Before looking into an undergraduate student loan option or a graduate student loan option, potential pharmacists might be able to secure other sources of funding to help them pay for pharmacy school.

Scholarships

Scholarships are funds used to pay for undergraduate or graduate school that do not need to be repaid to the provider.

They can be awarded based on many different types of criteria, including grade point average (GPA), athletic performance, community service, chosen field of study, and more. Scholarships might be offered by a college or university, organization, or institution.

For potential pharmacy school students, there are several available options for scholarships through their individual states and other providers. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) is a great resource for finding a pharmacy school scholarship.

Grants

Unlike scholarships or loans, grants are sources of financial aid from colleges, universities, state/federal government, and other private or nonprofit organizations that do not generally need to be repaid.

The AACP breaks down grants and awards for health profession students and government subsidized grants for pharmacy school students on their website.

Recommended: The Differences Between Grants, Scholarships, and Loans

State Pharmacy School Loans

Some potential pharmacists may be eligible to participate in a state student loan program. The cost of attending a state pharmacy school will vary depending on whether or not the student lives in the same state as the school, so researching the accredited pharmacy programs by state can help them determine how much they’ll need to borrow.

Federal Pharmacy School Loans

The U.S. Department of Education offers Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans to undergraduate and graduate pharmacy school students. The school will determine the loan type(s) and amount a pharmacy school student can receive each academic year, based on information provided by the student on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form.

PLUS Loans are another federal pharmacy school loan option, eligible to graduate and professional students through schools that participate in the federal Direct Loan Program.

Private Pharmacy School Loans

A private student loan is another way for students to pay for pharmacy school. When comparing private student loans vs. federal student loans, it’s important to note that because private loans are not associated with the federal government, interest rates, repayment terms, and benefits will vary. For this reason, private student loans are considered an option only after all other financing sources have been exhausted.

When applying for a private pharmacy school loan, a lender will usually review the borrower’s credit score and financial history, among other factors.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Income-driven repayment plans may help borrowers qualify for lower monthly payments on their pharmacy school loans if their total debt at graduation exceeds their annual income.

These plans aim to make payments more affordable by capping them at a percentage of discretionary income. After 20-25 years of qualifying payments, the remaining loan balance may be forgiven.

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE)

•   Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE)

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)

The Takeaway

Roughly 82% of pharmacy school graduates have student loans, according to the AACP. Pharmacy school loans can be used to pay for tuition and fees, living expenses, and supplies like books and required lab equipment.

Federal student loans can be used in combination with any scholarships and grants the student may qualify for.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

How long does it take to pay off pharmacy school loans?

Depending on the type of pharmacy school loan you take out (private vs. federal) and when the funds were distributed, it can take between five and 25 years to repay a pharmacy school student loan.

How can I pay for pharmacy school?

There are several ways to pay for pharmacy school, including federal student loans, private pharmacy school loans, scholarships, grants, and personal savings.

What is the average student loan debt for pharmacy school?

According to the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the average student loan debt for pharmacy graduates is $167,711.

Photo credit: iStock/Vaselena

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q324-061

The SAT and ACT are both standardized tests that colleges use to evaluate a student during the admission process. Some schools will accept both SAT and ACT scores while others show preference to one, and some schools don’t require students to submit scores for either test.

It’s possible to compare estimated scores across the two tests using a simple conversion chart or formula. It’s also worth understanding how the two tests are different, what a student can expect when taking each test, and which test might be the best to take for you.

ACT and SAT History

In 1926, the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) was developed as the Army Alpha test to measure the IQ of Army recruits. Over time, the format and audience for the SAT changed. The scoring method, format, and subjects have been adjusted over the years to better reflect the high school curriculum and college application process.

The current version of the SAT takes three hours and includes sections on math, reading comprehension, and writing. The highest score a person can achieve on the SAT is 1600.

The American College Test (ACT), created in reaction to the SAT, was first administered in 1959. University of Iowa Professor of Education Everett Franklin Linquist developed the standardized test to better evaluate a student’s practical knowledge instead of reasoning skills that the SAT focuses on.

The modern ACT takes two hours and 55 minutes (add 40 minutes for the optional writing section) to complete. The test includes sections on English, math, reading, and science, plus the optional writing portion. The highest score possible is 36.

Colleges and universities generally accept both the ACT and SAT, but preparing for and taking the two tests is not the same. Understanding the differences between the ACT and SAT might help students decide which test to take and how they might best maximize their score.

Difference Between the ACT and SAT Tests

Other than the score a test taker receives, the SAT and ACT have several differences that might inform a student’s decision to prepare for one over the other. Students are taking both tests now more than ever, but preparing for each is different, and it’s possible to prefer one test experience over another.

Scoring

One of the most obvious differences between the two tests is the score. An ACT score ranges from 1 to 36, and there’s no penalty for getting a question wrong. The score is calculated by adding the raw scores of each section, then dividing by four to get the composite score (out of 36).

SAT takers get a score between 400 and 1600. Once again, there’s no penalty for answering a question wrong, and the score goes up with every right answer. Section scores are added together to yield the total score (out of 1600).

Type of Testing

There’s a common belief that students’ strengths in the classroom might allow them to test better on one standardized test over the other. The ACT, with a deeper focus on verbal skills, might be a better fit for students who excel in English classes. Those with strong math skills could prefer the SAT, with a bigger emphasis on math questions.

Both tests have a math section, but the SAT covers data analysis, while the ACT will have questions about probability and statistics.

Format and Subjects

Even when the essay portion is included, the ACT is shorter than the SAT. However, the SAT has 154 questions, while the ACT has 215 — how does that compute? SAT takers have an average of one minute and 10 seconds on each question, compared with 49 seconds for the ACT (time allotted per question varies on section).

Time per question could be important to a student’s test taking strategy, especially when factoring in the difficulty levels of each test. In the SAT’s math section, the questions become harder the further a student moves along. The same goes for the ACT’s math and science section, where passages and the questions become more difficult as the test progresses.

The ACT has more sections than the SAT, including multiple-choice questions on:

•   English: grammar, punctuation, sentence structure

•   Math: algebra, geometry, trigonometry

•   Reading: passage comprehension on fiction, humanities, and sciences

•   Science: comprehension, including summaries, charts, and graphs

•   Writing (optional)

The SAT has fewer sections, with all multiple-choice questions about:

•   Reading: comprehension questions based on passages

•   Writing and language: grammar, editing, and vocabulary

•   Math: algebra, trigonometry, and geometry

The SAT used to have an optional essay section, but it was discontinued in 2021.

The major differentiator between the SAT and ACT experience might be the ACT’s dedicated science section. The SAT includes questions about science, but they are dispersed across the test.

Pricing

The cost of taking the SAT and ACT is similar:

•   SAT: $68

•   ACT: $69, $94 with writing

The cost of taking the test shouldn’t keep a student from doing so. Both the College Board and ACT offer fee waivers for students who meet the requirements.

Evaluating options for paying for college is another important piece of the college preparation puzzle. Options include grants, scholarships, and undergraduate loans, including both private and federal student loans.

Recommended: 11 Strategies for Paying for College and Other Expenses

Geography

Because the ACT was founded out of a Midwestern university, the test is somewhat more popular in middle America. The SAT has its origins in testing aptitude for admission to Northeastern educational Army institutions. Because of this, students on the east and west coasts are slightly more likely to take the SAT than the ACT.

Because of these geographic trends, students on the coasts might find more SAT prep courses than ACT prep courses, and vice versa.

Converting Test Scores

SAT to ACT conversion is a hot topic. Comparing the tests on their face is like comparing apples to oranges. However, if a student takes both, it helps to figure out which one they performed better on. That means finding a way to compare one test score to another.

Here’s how the ACT’s composite scores compare to the SAT:

Should I Take the ACT or SAT?

To determine whether you should take the ACT or SAT, think about your strengths and test-taking style. The SAT emphasizes critical thinking and problem-solving with a stronger focus on evidence-based reading and math. The ACT is faster-paced, with straightforward questions and a science section. Consider taking practice tests to decide which suits you best.

The Takeaway

Both the SAT and ACT are standardized tests designed to gauge a student’s readiness for college. One test is not inherently easier than the other and both are accepted at a wide array of colleges and universities. Taking a timed practice test can be one of the best ways to roughly estimate your score.

Paying for college is another important step in preparing for college. Students may consider using a combination of grants, scholarships, and student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Is the ACT harder than the SAT?

One test might be harder than the other depending on a student’s strengths. The ACT has a faster pace with more straightforward questions and a science section, while the SAT focuses more on problem-solving and critical thinking. Difficulty is subjective and varies by individual.

What are the differences between the ACT and SAT?

The ACT includes four sections: English, math, reading, and science, with an optional writing section. It has a faster pace and more questions. The SAT has two main sections: Evidence-based reading and writing, and math. The SAT emphasizes reasoning skills, while the ACT tests straightforward knowledge.

Do most colleges prefer SAT or ACT?

Most colleges accept both tests equally. Admissions committees focus on a student’s overall performance rather than the specific test taken. Students should choose the test that aligns best with their strengths and preparation style for the best results.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q324-054

After getting approved for a student loan, there is one more step that must be completed before your funds are disbursed: the loan certification process. This step is designed to protect you as a borrower.

Keep reading to find out more about student loan certification, how long it takes, and the process for federal and private student loans.

What Is Student Loan Certification?

Student loan certification is a mandatory step before loan funds can be sent to your school. Your school will verify enrollment details, such as your expected graduation date, your year in the program, and the loan amount.

For private student loans, a Private Education Loan Applicant Self-Certification form is required. This highlights borrower-protection language, informs you of your ability to submit a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®), and explains how a private loan might affect your other financial aid awards. The self-certification step also provides your lender with your enrollment details and financial aid received.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

Why Do Lenders Need Student Loan Certification?

Student loan lenders require a certification before disbursement under the Higher Education Act of 1965 and the Truth in Lending Act.

Certification ensures that the lender and your school have done their due diligence to inform you about federal financial aid options, confirm that you meet academic enrollment requirements for the loan, and disclose the difference between your school’s cost of attendance (COA) and the financial assistance you’ve received for that period.

Recommended: The Ultimate Student Loan Terminology Cheat Sheet

Do Federal and Private Student Loan Lenders Need the Same Certification?

No, the loan certification process is different for federal vs. private student loans.

For federal aid, your school is responsible for determining the type of student aid you’re eligible for, including federal student loans. If your school finds that you’re eligible for federal loans, it will record its certification of your eligibility into the Common Origination and Disbursement system. This system tracks your loan data throughout your academic career.

The loan certification process for private lenders has a different intent. Your lender can request a completed Self-Certification form from you, which includes a section for your institution to fill out. Alternatively, your lender can communicate directly with your school for its certification sign-off.

Here’s a helpful refresher on how student loans work.

What Is the Process of Student Loan Certification?

After a lender approves your loan application and you accept the loan and its terms, the student loan certification process is automatically initiated. As a student borrower, you may not need to do anything. However, make sure to follow the process, via any emails or notifications from your lender or school, to make sure everything runs smoothly and no additional information is needed from you.

Here is the process of student loan certification:

1. Lender Sends Loan Details to the School

The lender forwards your loan information to your school for certification. This includes details you’ve submitted during your application, like your personal information, enrollment information, and the loan amount requested.

2. School Reviews Loan Details

During this step, your school will certify that your enrollment details are correct, the estimated COA for the enrollment period, and how much aid you are receiving during the period.

Private student loan amounts can’t exceed a student’s COA, minus existing financial aid. If your loan details are correct and the amount is within the unfunded COA gap, the school can certify your loan with no changes.

Alternatively, the school can certify your loan with changes, either to reduce the loan amount or correct your enrollment information, if needed. It can also deny the loan certification, which might happen if it can’t verify that you’re enrolled or you already have sufficient financial aid to cover your COA.

Recommended: How To Apply for Student Loans

3. Your Lender Provides a Final Loan Disclosure

Your lender will notify you when your student loan certification is complete. At this time, it will provide you and your student loan cosigner, if applicable, with the final loan disclosure.

If your loan amount was lowered by your school, this is where you’ll see the new amount outlined in the updated disclosure agreement.

4. “Right-to-Cancel” Waiting Period

After the borrower has signed the final loan disclosure, lenders are not allowed to disburse funds right away. Federal law requires a waiting period of three business days after the lender sends you the final disclosure.

This is another layer of borrower protection that gives you time to cancel the loan, if desired, with no penalty.

5. Lender Disburses Loan Funds

After the waiting period expires, the lender can send certified student loan disbursements directly to your school, on the date requested by your institution.

How long school certification takes for a loan varies by school. Generally, it can take up to five weeks for schools to complete student loan certification, but sometimes it’s longer.

Additionally, loan certification is often done in the weeks before the start of classes. Enrollment status can change at the last minute, as when a student drops out or reduces their course load. The timing helps schools process certifications based on the most current information.

Can Student Borrowers Hurry Along the Certification Process?

It’s true that the loan certification process can be lengthy, but there’s not much that can be done to hasten it. The best that student borrowers can do is to stay on top of emails and account notifications from their lender, informing them of status updates and next steps.

What Happens if a School Doesn’t Certify That You Are a Student?

If your school doesn’t certify your enrollment status, your lender can’t legally disburse the loan funds to your school. At best, this results in payment delays as you sort things out with your financial aid office. At worst, it halts disbursement entirely, if your school can’t certify that you are, in fact, an enrolled student.

What to Do if It Is the School’s Error

If you believe a mistake has been made on your student loan certification, contact your financial aid department immediately. Find out what the school needs from you to certify your enrollment and loan.

Additionally, ask what will happen to your enrolled courses while you figure out a resolution. The last thing you want is to get dropped from your classes.

What to Do if It Is the Student’s Error

Student loan certification might be in limbo because of an oversight on your part. This can come up, for example, if you forget to enroll in classes.

If you’re in this situation, reach out to your school’s admissions and records department or your degree program’s department for guidance about what you need to do. Make sure to note that you are waiting on private student loan certification needed for disbursement.

The Takeaway

The loan certification process can feel like another hurdle to overcome in financing your education. However, it’s a step that’s meant to protect student borrowers and keep you aware of your rights.

The process and intent of certification are different for private student loans and federal student loans. If you do not get certified, don’t panic. Discuss the issue with your school to find out if the error is yours or the school’s, and take immediate steps to resolve it.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

What is the certification process for student loans?

The certification process for student loans involves the college verifying a student’s enrollment status, academic progress, and loan eligibility. The school confirms the student’s loan amount aligns with federal or institutional limits and tuition costs. Once certified, the lender disburses funds directly to the school to cover education expenses.

How long does it take to get a student loan certified?

It typically takes a few days to several weeks for a student loan to be certified, depending on the school’s processing time and the lender’s requirements. Factors such as enrollment verification, financial aid status, and the school’s workload can influence the certification timeline, potentially causing delays.

What is self-certification for a student loan?

Self-certification for a student loan is often required for private student loans to ensure borrowers understand their financial responsibility and to prevent borrowing more than necessary for educational expenses.

Photo credit: iStock/Ridofranz

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q324-045

A college education is an investment in the future. But as with any investment, it’s important to consider what you’ll get in return — your ROI — to determine if the cost is worth it. And so college students and their parents are weighing the cost of college against future earning potential, as well as intangibles like friendships, network building, and soft skills.

This guide explores the “return on education” for bachelor’s degrees, and offers insights into how to maximize the value of your college education.

Average Cost of a Degree

Choosing the right college is a multifaceted decision. Considerations include where the school is located, whether it has programs that meet your interests, what student culture is like, and of course price.

The price tag for college can be jaw dropping. The average cost of college for an in-state student attending a four-year university is $27,146 per year (including living expenses). Students that attend private, nonprofit universities spend an average of $58,628 per year living on campus.

💡 Quick Tip: Fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee SoFi private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

Return on Investment by Education Level

You can determine your ROI by education level by looking at the ratio of the cost of your degree to your expected income once you graduate. Your return on education is much like a traditional ROI calculation, which looks at the ratio between net profit and cost from investing resources.

In this case, time and money are the resources you’re investing, and your future income is the profit. The ROI for your education will depend largely on how much you spend on your schooling, what type of job you get after school, and to a certain extent what you major in.

Median 40-year ROI for a College Degree, per Education Data Initiative

Associate Degree Return on Investment

Associate degrees can typically be completed in one to two years and often at a community college, which can make them more affordable than four-year degrees. According to data from the Education Data Initiative, the ROI for an associate degree is 363.5% after 20 years.

Bachelor’s Degree Return on Investment

Bachelor’s degrees typically take students four years to complete. According to Education Data Initiative, the ROI for a bachelor’s degree is 38.1% after 20 years. Keep in mind, though, that this estimated return on investment can vary greatly based on the major you pursue. For example, computer science degrees offer an ROI of 716.6%.

Master’s Degree Return on Investment

A master’s degree can be completed after a student receives their bachelor’s degree. This degree allows the student to specialize in a specific area of interest, such as those who pursue a Master in Business Administration, or MBA. The ROI for a master’s degree is 90.1% after 20 years, according to Education Data Initiative.

Doctoral Degree Return on Investment

A doctoral degree is generally the most advanced degree one can get in a particular field. Doctorates can take up to eight years to complete, though the exact timing will vary depending on factors like the program type, structure, and research being completed by the doctoral candidate. The estimated ROI for doctorate degrees is 84.0% after 20 years, according to Education Data Initiative.

Professional Degree Return on Investment

Professional degrees are advanced degrees that prepare a student to work in a particular field, such as law or pharmacy. After 20 years, the ROI for a professional degree is 60.4%, according to Education Data Initiative.

Highest Earning Degrees

The return on education will vary depending on the degree program you choose. For example, a student with a computer science degree may earn more than an English major. There are exceptions, but it’s a good idea to understand the norm for particular fields. These are some of the highest-earning degree programs.

Associate Degree

As mentioned, an associate degree takes about two years to complete and can often be finished at a community college for significantly less than it may cost to get a four-year degree. Associate degrees often allow students to specialize in a specific trade or field, and in some cases, this specialization can lead to a high-earning career.

One of the top-earning post-associate degrees is air traffic controllers. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), air traffic controllers earn a median income of $137,380.

Dental hygienists, MRI technicians, and funeral service managers all earn an average salary of $70,000 or higher, making them top associate degrees based on earning potential, as well.

Bachelor’s Degree

According to Best Colleges, some of the bachelor’s degrees with the highest earning potential include chemical engineering, computer engineering, computer science, finance, and business analytics.

For example, in 2023, chemical engineers earned a median salary of $112,100. Financial analysts earned a median salary of $99,890 per year, according to the BLS.

Certifications

Some people may consider adding a certification to their resume in order to boost their earning potential. Professional organizations often award certifications for specific skill sets. Some top earning and in-demand certifications include those for project management and data engineering.

Recommended: Guide to Student Loans for Certificate Programs

Bachelor’s Degree ROI by Major

The ROI can vary quite a bit based on the type of bachelor degree pursued. As mentioned, computer science degrees have some of the best ROI for bachelor’s degrees — about 716.6% over 40 years, according to Education Data Initiative. Take a look below at a list of majors and their estimated ROI after 40 years, according to Education Data Initiative:

•     Business finance — 710.2%

•     Business accounting — 547.2%

•     Electrical engineering — 517.8%

•     Biology — 225.0%

•     Communications — 209.3%

•     Architecture — 188.6%

•     Fine Art — 70.5%

Consider What Can’t Be Measured by Money

Yes, going to college or pursuing other higher education opportunities can be expensive. But in addition to the cost and potential boost in earning potential, there are a variety of intangible benefits that can’t be measured by a dollar. For example, college students living on campus are gaining a newfound independence and developing life skills they’ll carry with them.

Plus, many colleges have strong alumni networks that can help when a student is looking for a job post-grad. Students have the chance to not only get to know themselves better, but in the process they may make lifelong friends.

Recommended: How to Budget as a College Student

Controlling Costs

One way to improve ROI is to lower the amount of money you are paying for school. This could be particularly useful if you already know you want to pursue a career in a relatively low paying field.

Scholarships

You can help offset the cost of tuition by looking for scholarship programs that help pay your tuition and other college expenses. Many schools offer need-based financial aid to families who might otherwise struggle to pay tuition costs. In some cases, you could even get a full ride.

You can find scholarships by looking at your school’s financial aid website, connecting with your guidance counselor, or reviewing databases or online scholarship search tools.

In some cases, you may be able to apply for unclaimed scholarships to help supplement the aid you have already received.

Grants

Students may qualify for grants directly from their school or through federal financial aid. Grants typically do not require repayment, so they can be an incredibly helpful addition to a student’s financial toolkit when it comes to paying for college. Pell Grants are one type of grant awarded by the federal government to students who demonstrate exceptional financial need.

Pell Grants are available to undergraduate students. In order to maintain eligibility for a Pell Grant, undergrads will also be required to meet satisfactory academic progress requirements.

Student Loan Forgiveness Programs

If you need to take out student loans to help pay for college, keep an eye on your terms and interest rates to help keep costs down. If you take out federal loans and plan to work for certain non-profits or government organizations, you may be eligible for loan forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program. After making 10 years’ worth of qualifying monthly payments, the remaining balance of your loan may be forgiven through this program.

Private Student Loans

Private student loans don’t qualify for federal benefits like PSLF, but they can be helpful tools for students who have exhausted their federal financial aid.

If you are interested in paying for college or another higher education degree with a private student loan, take the time to shop around and review interest rates, terms, and other fees or benefits offered by lenders. 

Employer Support After Graduation

Finally, some employers may also help you pay back your student loans as part of a benefits package. Consider working for an employer who offers these benefits.

Recommended: Finding Jobs That Pay Off Student Loans

The Takeaway

College students can estimate the return on their educational investment by looking at how much they’ll pay for their degree and comparing it to their lifetime earnings. Though important, the money you’ll eventually earn isn’t the only thing you should consider when choosing a college. Getting a bachelor’s degree can help you acquire skills and expand your horizons in ways that aren’t directly related to your degree or job prospects.

When you decide on the right school for you, take the time to consider all your options — including scholarships, grants, federal and private student loans, post-graduation repayment programs, and other sources of public and private funding — to help you achieve your education and career goals.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What is the average return on investment for a college degree?

The average return on investment (ROI) for a college degree varies by field, but generally, bachelor’s degree holders earn significantly more over their lifetime than those with only a high school diploma. On average, the ROI for a college degree ranges from 9% to 10%, but can be higher depending on the major and institution.

Which degree has the highest return on investment?

Degrees in fields like engineering, computer science, and technology typically have the highest return on investment (ROI). These degrees often lead to high-paying jobs with strong job security and growth prospects, resulting in a significant lifetime earning advantage compared to the cost of education, making them highly valuable investments.

Is a bachelor’s degree a good investment?

A bachelor’s degree is generally a good investment as it can lead to higher lifetime earnings, greater job stability, and more career opportunities compared to having only a high school diploma. However, the return on investment depends on the chosen field, the cost of education, and individual career goals and outcomes.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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For many of us, a car is the second-biggest purchase we’ll make, next to a home. The average price a buyer paid for a new car in June 2024 was $48,644, according to Kelley Blue Book. But sticker price isn’t the only thing to consider when budgeting for new wheels. There’s also insurance, maintenance, gas, and depreciation.

Depreciation may not be front of mind for many car buyers. But in fact it’s a major factor in determining how to finance a new car. We’ll explain why, review different loan options, and recommend steps you can take to help you get a great deal.

How To Assess the Value of a Car

You may already know what you want in a new car: the gas mileage, capacity, features. Just as important, you know what you can afford. Or do you? Before heading to a dealership, you’ll want to extensively research the cars you’re interested in.

Once you have an idea of the makes and models you want to test drive, there are a number of services that can offer a baseline estimate for the car’s worth. Edmunds offers a True Market Value (TMV®) guide; Kelley Blue Book provides suggested price ranges based on things like year, model, condition, and mileage (particularly useful for used cars). The National Automobile Dealers Association’s guide focuses on dealers’ sticker prices, and Consumer Reports provides detailed reviews and reports about specific cars.

None of these resources will necessarily tell you the exact price you’ll get, but they can give you some context. It may be helpful to look at listed prices for similar cars in your area. You can even call around for price quotes from dealerships and private sellers, so you’re better equipped by the time you walk onto the car lot.

Got a car to trade in? Here’s how to find out how much your car is worth.

How the Value of Your Car Changes Over Time

A car’s value changes almost from the moment you purchase it: This is called depreciation. The first year is generally the biggest hit, with cars losing around 20% or more of their original value. The loss goes on from there. New cars lose roughly 60% of their purchase price over the first five years of ownership.

Some models depreciate more than others. For instance, cars typically depreciate faster than trucks, and midsize cars depreciate more quickly than smaller cars. It’s smart to research the projected depreciation on the makes and models you’re interested in. Lower depreciation could become a deciding factor when all else is equal.

Recommended: How Much Should I Spend on a Car?

Car Financing Options

One of the biggest car-related costs is the loan itself. Car loans can come either from a traditional bank, online lender, or through a dealership. Here are a few car financing options:

Car Loan

Car loans can be offered directly from a bank, credit union, or online lender, or can be arranged through the car dealer. The average loan rate for a new car for borrowers with good credit is 7.24%, as of July 2024. If you have excellent credit, you may qualify for a lower rate; if you have fair or bad credit, you may pay more. Learn how to check out your credit score for free.

Car loans are “secured” by the car, which means that the car is used as collateral on the loan. Until it’s paid off in full, you don’t own the car outright. So if you default, the lender can seize the car. The qualification process for a car loan can be more difficult than getting an unsecured personal loan, since banks must verify the collateral (think: more paperwork).

Dealer-Arranged Financing

When getting a loan through the dealership, the dealer typically collects your information and offers financing via a finance company owned by the car manufacturer, the dealership, or a third party. Car dealerships are good at helping customers get a car loan quickly, sometimes even without great credit. You may be able to sign a loan and drive off in your new car the same day.

Auto Loan from a Private Lender

Banks, on the other hand, may offer more competitive interest rates or more favorable terms when applying with them directly. However, the application process can be more involved and take longer. Usually, borrowers getting financing from a bank or credit union will get preapproved for a car loan prior to heading to the dealer.

Personal Loan

Another option is to skip car loans entirely and take out an unsecured personal loan. Common uses for personal loans include home repairs, debt consolidation, and other large purchases. On the flip side, a car loan can only be used to pay for a car.

Usually, buying a car with a personal loan is not the best course of action. But there are rare circumstances where it may make sense, such as if you plan on restoring an old car as a passion project. Cars in need of repair can be difficult to finance with a traditional auto loan.

For most car buyers, however, interest rates on any type of personal loan are typically higher than on car loans. Another thing to consider is the repayment period. In general, car loans extend over seven years, whereas a personal loan is typically repaid in three to five years.

Getting your personal loan approved can take time, but prequalification is available. Many people get prequalified before going into the dealership, so they have an idea of how much buying power they have.

Strategies for Getting a Car Loan

As you look for a car loan that meets your needs, here are some strategies that can help.

Do Some Research

Before heading to the dealer, shop around for loans to see the interest rates and terms you may qualify for. Lenders review factors like a borrower’s credit score and financial history to inform their borrowing decisions. So part of your research will go into understanding your credit.

Recommended: What Credit Score Do You Need to Buy a Car?

Prepare a Down Payment

A larger down payment can save you money on your loan. Down payments reduce the amount you have to borrow, which reduces what you spend on interest over time. Trading in a vehicle of substantial value accomplishes the same thing, while reducing the down payment you need to put up.

A higher down payment is helpful for another reason: It can help you avoid a situation down the road where, due to depreciation, the balance of your loan is greater than the value of your car. This is variously called negative equity, being underwater, or an upside-down loan. To avoid this situation, run the numbers to make sure your down payment (or trade-in) is high enough to offset the expected depreciation on your vehicle.

That said, negative equity isn’t usually a bad thing. It only becomes a problem if your car is stolen or totaled, and the payout from your insurance company isn’t enough to pay off your loan balance. (Gap insurance is designed to cover your remaining debt.) Some drivers are comfortable with being upside-down for a short period, while others prefer not to take a chance.

Consider Getting Prequalified for a Loan

Getting prequalified for a car loan helps the borrower understand what kind of car payment they can afford. Prequalification can also be used as a tool in negotiations with the dealer. In some cases, the dealer may be willing to offer a more competitive financing option.

Just keep in mind that prequalification isn’t a done deal: The loan offer is still subject to change.

The Takeaway

For many people, buying a car outright with cash isn’t an option. With an auto loan, the car acts as collateral to secure the loan. A higher down payment can save you money on interest over the life of the loan. It can also help you avoid “negative equity” down the road — where the value of the car is less than the balance of your loan. However, this is only a problem if your car is stolen or totaled, and your insurance company’s payout doesn’t cover your loan obligation. In some circumstances, it’s possible to use an unsecured personal loan to purchase a car, such as when you’re looking for a vintage car to fix up as a passion project.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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