If you’re planning to purchase homeowners insurance, or renew your policy, your insurer may ask you to get a “4-point” inspection — one that assesses the home’s electrical, plumbing, roofing, and HVAC systems.
Insurers typically use this type of inspection, which is different from a standard home inspection, to determine how much risk they might assume if they issue a policy on an older home, or a home in an area that’s more vulnerable to natural disasters. But it can also be a useful tool for buyers and owners who want to identify potential safety hazards or other problems.
Read on for a look at how to prepare for a 4-point inspection, what you can expect the inspector to look for, and the steps you might take if the inspection raises some red flags.
4-Point Inspection vs Full Home Inspection
Though there may be some overlap between 4-point inspections and full home inspections, each type of evaluation has a different primary purpose.
What Is a Full Home Inspection?
A full home inspection is a common part of the home-buying process. It is important because it could reveal a significant flaw in the property that might make a potential buyer want to renegotiate the home price, which could in turn affect the size of their home loan. Here’s how it works:
A licensed inspector provides a top-to-bottom evaluation of the entire property’s condition, including structural elements, major systems, and appliances. Homebuyers are then alerted to problems both big and small — from a leaky roof or moldy basement to a cracked window pane. Though a full inspection is generally not required by lenders, most real estate professionals recommend getting one. A full home inspection can cost around $300 or $400, but the price could be much higher for a larger home. The inspection may take two to three hours, or more, depending on the size of the property.
What Is a 4-Point Inspection?
A 4-point home inspection is a more focused inspection that is sometimes required when an insurance company wants to be sure a home meets safety standards and is free of problems that might cause claims down the road. A 4-point insurance inspection isn’t always a required part of the home-buying process, but an insurer may ask for it if the home is older, or if it’s in an area that’s prone to flooding, high winds, or earthquakes. The time it takes to do a 4-point inspection, and the cost, are typically lower than a full inspection, but can vary based on the location, size, and age of the home.
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Components of a 4-Point Inspection
A 4-point home inspection covers your home’s four major components:
Roof Inspection
The inspector will visually survey the roof’s condition and overall stability. This includes looking for signs of age, loose shingles or guttering, damaged materials, inadequate attic ventilation, and leaks inside the home that could indicate a problem. Insurance companies want to avoid paying expensive roof replacement costs, so the inspector also will check on the age of the roof, what it’s made of, and the shape (flat, gable, hip, etc.) to help determine how it will hold up.
Electrical System Inspection
Because electrical problems can be a fire hazard, the inspector will look at the home’s electrical panels, circuits, wiring, switches, and outlets to be sure everything is up to code and in good condition. If any part of the system is dated or damaged, the insurance company may require that it be repaired or replaced before issuing a homeowners policy.
Plumbing System Inspection
This part of the inspection can include a check of the faucets, sinks, toilets, drains, water heater, showers, and tubs, as well as a look at the kind of pipes used in the home. Any signs of leaks or other water intrusion into the home could be a sign that the plumbing has deteriorated, is damaged, or wasn’t properly installed. If the pipes are made of older materials (such as galvanized steel or polybutylene), they may have to be replaced.
HVAC System Inspection
The inspector doing the 4-point insurance inspection also will test the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to be sure everything is functioning properly. This can include assessing how well each piece of the home’s climate control system has been maintained, how old the separate units are, and how much longer each can be expected to last. The inspector also may monitor the temperature and humidity in various rooms, check the duct work, check for proper airflow, and look for water damage or leaks.
Preparing for a 4-point Inspection
Your role in preparing for a 4-point home inspection will vary depending on whether you’re already the homeowner (selling your property or renewing your insurance) or a potential homebuyer (looking for coverage on a home you plan to purchase).
If you’re a homebuyer, you can expect to:
• Find and hire a qualified inspector. (The rules for who can do a 4-point inspection for insurance purposes vary by location.)
• Schedule a time when the inspector can access the home (preferably when you can be there, too).
• Research common home-buying red flags.
• Pay for the inspection.
If you’re the homeowner, on the other hand, you’ll have to do all of the above, plus make sure the inspector has clear access to the necessary areas of your home. You should also be ready to provide documentation that shows the age and maintenance schedule for the systems and structures to be inspected.
You also may choose to:
• Fix or replace any missing or damaged shingles on your roof, and repair any problems inside or out.
Repair any leaky pipes, slow-draining sinks, etc., and clean up signs of water damage.
• Repair or replace any electrical issues, such as a dated electrical panel or wiring, damaged or dated outlets, exposed or loose wiring, etc., and bring everything up to code.
• Run your heater and air conditioner to be sure they work properly, replace dirty filters or damaged parts, and consider getting air ducts cleaned.
Recommended: The Ultimate Home Inspection Checklist
Hiring a Qualified Inspector
The requirements for home inspector certification vary by location, so it’s important to be sure the inspector you hire has the proper credentials for your area. Friends, family, or your real estate professional may be able to give you recommendations. You also can check out online reviews and ratings.
Once you’ve narrowed down your list of candidates, you can contact them for more information about their:
• Licensing and insurance
• Experience
• References
• Availability
• Cost and payment options
• Inspection process and what guidelines they follow
Interpreting a 4-Point Inspection Report
Inspection reports typically are divided into four sections (roof, electrical, HVAC, and plumbing) with detailed descriptions of what the inspector found, photos for visual backup, and checklists and/or tables further noting the age and conditions of the various systems. Inspectors also may include their recommendations regarding repairs or replacements.
After the 4-Point Inspection
A home either passes or fails a 4-point inspection — there’s no in-between or letter grade. If the home fails the inspection, it’s usually because the major components are outdated and/or showing significant wear and tear.
Though an insurer won’t necessarily cancel a homeowner’s current policy immediately upon seeing a failed report, it may require appropriate upgrades and repairs before renewing coverage or offering coverage to someone who plans to purchase the property. The results of the report may also affect the cost of insurance. (Because the inspection and appraisal are two separate parts of the home-buying process, however, a failed inspection won’t affect the appraised price or lead to an appraisal gap.)
If you’re hoping to buy a home that failed a 4-point inspection, you may have a few options to consider:
Negotiate with the Seller
You can talk to the seller about lowering the price on the home or providing a repair allowance so you can make the necessary fixes.
Make Recommended Repairs
You could see if the seller will make the required repairs, then get the inspector and insurance company to sign off on the work before moving forward with the deal.
Obtain Insurance Coverage
You still may be able to get coverage on the home if you can get the repairs done during a time period specified by the insurer. Or you can see if a different carrier will offer you a policy.
If the home requires significant repairs or updates, you may be able to purchase a special policy (such as builder’s risk insurance or vacant property insurance) with a higher premium. When the work is complete, you can apply for a standard home insurance policy.
Recommended: How to Get a Mortgage Loan
The Takeaway
If you own or are in the process of buying a home, an insurance company may require a 4-point inspection before providing a homeowners policy. This type of inspection can help insurers control their risk, because it’s designed to spot current and potential problems in four of the home’s major components: the roofing, plumbing, electrical, and HVAC systems.
Because mortgage lenders typically require that borrowers carry a sufficient homeowners policy, this type of inspection can be an important part of the home-buying process. And though it may seem like just one more hassle, it can also help homebuyers and homeowners avoid safety issues and expensive repairs in the future.
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FAQ
How long does a 4-point inspection take?
A 4-point inspection could take anywhere from a half-hour to two hours or more. The time and cost will depend on the size, age, and condition of the home.
Can I attend the 4-point inspection?
Yes, if you’re paying for it, you can and should try to attend the 4-point inspection (although it isn’t required).
What happens if the property fails the inspection?
If the property you own or hope to buy fails the 4-point inspection, you may still be able to obtain homeowners coverage — though you or the owner will likely have to make necessary repairs within a timeframe specified by the insurance company.
Photo Credit: iStock/Hispanolistic
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